Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Abstract The rapid evolution of educational technologies has fundamentally transformed how teaching and learning take place. In recent years, the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has particularly influenced higher education institutions, prompting them to embrace innovative digital tools. This conceptual review examines the increasing integration of AI in educational practices and explores how these emerging technologies are reshaping both teaching methods and student learning experiences. Beyond current applications, this paper seeks to understand the potential future role of AI in education on a global scale. When used thoughtfully, AI has the power to significantly enhance the quality of teaching and learning. However, its adoption is not without hurdles. The study discusses the practical and systemic challenges that educational institutions encounter while implementing AI, as well as the difficulties students face in areas such as personalized support, learning processes, teaching practices, and administrative services. This review synthesizes recent research on AI applications in education and offers insights into the broader implications of these developments. It concludes by suggesting directions for future research and responsible implementation

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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, augmentation, higher education, educational institutions, teaching, technologies

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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming library services, information management, and knowledge dissemination. The present study examines AI literacy among library professionals with special reference to their readiness for AI adoption, challenges faced, and future competency requirements. The study is based on a survey of 200 library professionals working in academic and higher education institutions. Data were analyzed using percentage analysis, mean scores, Chi-square test, and One-Way ANOVA. The findings reveal moderate levels of AI literacy among respondents, with significant variations based on educational qualifications, professional experience, and participation in AI-related training programmes. While library professionals recognize the potential benefits of AI in improving library services, challenges relating to technical skills, infrastructure, training, and ethical concerns continue to affect adoption. The study emphasizes the need for continuous professional development and institutional support to strengthen AI competencies among library professionals.

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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI Literacy, Library Professionals, Academic Libraries, Digital Competencies.

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Two people from very different backgrounds tell of the same strange experience: physical intimacy with another and a deep sense of loneliness, beneath it all. This paper proposes that both were missing something more than effort, commitment, or physical access to the other - they were missing a set of neurological conditions that must exist before physical distance has any emotional meaning. This paper assumes that the neurological substrate of authentic human bonding is not adjunctial qualities of interpersonal relationships, but rather empathic containment, behavioral synchrony and attentive listening. Empathic containment, interpersonal synchrony, and attentive listening are proposed as the neurological prerequisites of authentic interpersonal bonds, not as additional relational attributes. Two original frameworks are introduced: the Anger-Shame-Vulnerability Arc, which describes the only way that emotional conflict can be held with steadiness is for deep bonding to occur; and the Safety-Attunement-Listening (S.A.L.) Framework, which outlines the sequential neurological states required for the arc to play out.

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Anger-Shame-Vulnerability Arc, Behavioral Synchrony, Co-Regulation, Deep Listening, Empathic Containment, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Loneliness, Neuroception, Polyvagal Theory, S.A.L. Framework

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ABSTRACT The ongoing Israel-Iran conflict has emerged as a significant geopolitical challenge with far-reaching implications for regional stability, global energy markets, and international security. As a major stakeholder in West Asia, India faces the complex task of safeguarding its strategic, economic, and diplomatic interests while maintaining balanced relations with Israel, Iran, the Gulf states, and the United States. Against this backdrop, the present study examines the impact of the Israel-Iran conflict on India's foreign policy and evaluates its implications for the Global South through the lens of strategic autonomy. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach based on secondary sources, including government reports, policy documents, scholarly literature, and contemporary geopolitical analyses. Drawing upon the concepts of Strategic Autonomy and Neoclassical Realism, the article analyzes India's diplomatic responses, energy security concerns, trade interests, and regional strategic calculations. The study argues that the conflict poses significant challenges to India's energy security, economic stability, and regional connectivity initiatives. At the same time, it highlights India's efforts to pursue a balanced and pragmatic foreign policy that avoids alignment with competing regional blocs. The article further contends that prolonged instability in West Asia could adversely affect several Global South countries through rising energy costs, supply-chain disruptions, and economic uncertainty. The study concludes that India's policy of strategic autonomy remains central to navigating the evolving geopolitical landscape of West Asia. Strengthening diplomatic engagement, diversifying energy sources, and promoting multilateral cooperation will be critical for protecting India's interests and enhancing its leadership role within the Global South.

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Strategic Autonomy, India's Foreign Policy, Israel-Iran Conflict, West Asia, Global South, Energy Security, Neoclassical Realism.

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The rapid advancement of Electric Vehicle (EV) technology has increased the demand for accurate modelling, simulation, and optimization techniques to improve vehicle performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. In modern transportation, electric mobility is gaining significant importance due to government initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Among various EV technologies, regenerative braking plays a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency by recovering kinetic energy during deceleration and converting it into electrical energy for battery charging. Unlike conventional braking systems, which dissipate energy as heat, regenerative braking improves energy utilization and reduces mechanical brake wear. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of an Advanced Regenerative Braking System (RBS) for an electric vehicle using MATLAB. The proposed model incorporates vehicle longitudinal dynamics, blended braking control, regenerative torque generation, battery State of Charge (SOC) monitoring, and energy recovery estimation. Numerical modelling enables efficient real-time analysis of EV performance under different driving conditions while reducing development time and cost. Simulation results demonstrate effective braking performance and energy recovery capability. The proposed system recovers approximately 30% of the vehicle's initial kinetic energy and stores it in the battery, thereby improving overall energy efficiency and extending the driving range of the vehicle. The developed model provides a reliable platform for further research and optimization of regenerative braking strategies in electric vehicles.

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Electric Vehicle (EV), Regenerative Braking System (RBS), MATLAB Simulation, Energy Recovery, Battery State of Charge (SOC), E-Mobility, Vehicle Dynamics.

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Crotalaria, phenology, thermal indices, climate variability, biomass, protein content, semi-arid tropics

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Abstract: The present research paper intends to investigate the correlation between literature and cinema by comparing Rabindranath Tagore's text Chokher Bali (1903) and its cinematic adaptation Chokher Bali: A Passion Play (2003) directed by Rituparno Ghosh. The paper discusses how Ghosh reinterprets Tagore's text but succeeds in preserving the intrinsic themes of love, passion, widowhood, patriarchy and limitations imposed upon the women in colonial Bengal. A qualitative approach is followed in this research paper. This paper discusses the portrayal of the key characters particularly Binodini and how through cinematic features, visual symbols, costume, music and photography, Ghosh achieves the adaptation. In this paper, the comparisons between the novel and the film are explored while also observing the deviations that Ghosh has made in creating an interpretation of the text in a modern context that highlights the representation of gender and female agency and individual and social identities. The research paper analyzes adaptation in general and Ghosh's creative work in the context of the contributions of Indian filmmakers like Satyajit Ray. It is evident from the analysis that while Ghosh's adaptation remains loyal to the spirit of the novel, the film also carved out its own identity. Chokher Bali stands as a notable achievement in the field of literary adaptation; it is a blend of the textual and visual forms of narrative and serves as a stimulus for new considerations of female issues, culture and change.

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Keywords: Rabindranath Tagore, Chokher Bali, Rituparno Ghosh, Film Adaptation, Bengali Literature, Cinema Studies, Binodini, Widowhood, Gender Representation, Patriarchy, Colonial Bengal, Adaptation Theory.

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ABSTRACT The term "Environment" which denotes surroundings is a composite phrase for the conditions in which organisms live. It connotes the sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism. The meaning of the word environment is elastic. Environment is the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical or chemical factors which constitute the surroundings of man, who is both creator and moulder of his environment. The environment influences our health in many ways, through exposure to physical, chemical and biological risk factors and related changes in our behavior pattern. Environment pollution not only leads to deterioratly environment conditions but also adversely affects the health of people. This paper is explained the environmental hazards and its impact on human health. ABSTRACT The term "Environment" which denotes surroundings is a composite phrase for the conditions in which organisms live. It connotes the sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism. The meaning of the word environment is elastic. Environment is the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical or chemical factors which constitute the surroundings of man, who is both creator and moulder of his environment. The environment influences our health in many ways, through exposure to physical, chemical and biological risk factors and related changes in our behavior pattern. Environment pollution not only leads to deterioratly environment conditions but also adversely affects the health of people. This paper is explained the environmental hazards and its impact on human health. Key words: Environment, health, Hazards, Pollution.

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Key words: Environment, health, Hazards, Pollution.

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The rapid progress of quantum computing threatens the security of classical cryptographic systems such as RSA and ECC, making the transition to quantum-resistant solutions essential. This research proposes a hybrid key exchange protocol built explicitly on a Defense-in-Depth security model, where multiple independent cryptographic layers are integrated to provide robust and resilient protection. The protocol combines classical methods like Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) with post-quantum mechanisms such as ML-KEM, along with the incorporation of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In this layered architecture, each component acts as an independent security barrier, ensuring that even if one mechanism is compromised, the remaining layers continue to protect the session key and maintain system integrity. The framework introduces a dual-handshake mechanism and adaptive parameter selection to achieve both backward compatibility with existing infrastructure and enhanced forward secrecy. The Defense-in-Depth strategy is realized through the combination of classical, post-quantum, and quantum-based security assumptions, significantly reducing the risk of single-point failure and strengthening resistance against both classical and quantum adversaries. Performance is evaluated across diverse deployment scenarios, considering metrics such as CPU utilization, and memory overhead. Experimental results prove that the hybrid design maintains near-classical efficiency while improving security, achieving up to a 30% reduction in latency compared to purely post-quantum approaches. Overall, This system establishes a practical and standards-compliant framework for secure communication, effectively mitigating emerging threats such as "harvest now, decrypt later" attacks in the post-quantum era through a comprehensive Defense-in-Depth approach.

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Hybrid Key Exchange Protocol; Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC); Defense-in-Depth Security; Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH); ML-KEM (Multi Lattice - Key Exchange Module); Quantum Key Distribution (QKD); Secure Network Communication.

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Andhra Pradesh, the "rice bowl of India", is writing a remarkable chapter in Indian agricultural history. The state's agricultural sector has achieved an impressive 10.14% growth rate, outpacing the national average, with a GSDP contribution of INR5.39 lakh crore constituting 33.2% of the state economy, one of the highest agricultural shares in the country. While challenges exist, the state has responded with an ambitious, multi-pronged transformation agenda: expanding natural farming to 11 lakh hectares, launching AI-powered farmer services, establishing the world's first Cocoa City, and implementing direct marketing channels through Farmer Producer Organizations. Drawing on government budget documents, climate adaptation studies, policy announcements, and farmer success stories from 2025-2026, this article argues that Andhra Pradesh's agrarian economy is undergoing a structural renaissance, moving from vulnerability to resilience, from price-taking to price-making, and from monoculture to diversified, climate-smart agriculture. The state's innovative pivot toward natural farming, digital extension, and high-value horticulture represents a replicable model for post-green-revolution agriculture across India.

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Agrarian economy, climate-smart agriculture, digital extension, horticulture transformation, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), Annadata Sukhibhava, agricultural policy, sustainable agriculture, direct marketing, climate adaptation, post-green-revolution agriculture

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