Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, describes Visha (toxic substances) as agents capable of disturbing the normal physiological and biochemical functions of the body, ultimately leading to disease and even death if not managed appropriately. Among the various branches of Ayurveda, Agada Tantra deals specifically with the identification, classification, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of toxic substances. Classical Ayurvedic texts not only discuss acute poisoning caused by natural toxins (Sthavara and Jangama Visha) but also provide a detailed description of chronic and cumulative toxic states under the concept of Dooshi Visha. Dooshi Visha refers to residual toxins that remain concealed within the body for prolonged periods, gradually affecting different tissues (Dhatus) and physiological systems. According to Ayurvedic principles, these toxins predominantly vitiate Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Artava, and Shukra Dhatu, thereby impairing reproductive health and adversely influencing the quality of offspring. The concepts of Beeja (sperm and ovum), Beejabhaga (chromosomal components), and Beejabhagavayava (genetic subunits) described in Ayurveda indicate an advanced understanding of heredity and congenital abnormalities. Classical texts mention that the vitiation of Shukra and Artava by toxic substances can result in infertility, recurrent abortions, fetal malformations, developmental abnormalities, defective progeny, and hereditary disorders. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to incompatible diet (Viruddha Ahara), environmental pollutants, contaminated food, artificial additives, chemicals, and chronic toxins has been conceptually linked with Dooshi Visha, producing systemic and reproductive dysfunctions that may persist across generations. From a modern scientific perspective, reproductive toxicity encompasses adverse effects on sexual function, fertility, hormonal regulation, conception, pregnancy maintenance, embryonic development, and postnatal growth. Similarly, genetic toxicity (genotoxicity) refers to damage inflicted on genetic material, including DNA mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic alterations, and heritable genetic defects. Increasing industrialization, environmental contamination, excessive pesticide use, heavy metal exposure, food adulteration, pharmaceutical misuse, radiation exposure, and unhealthy lifestyle practices have significantly contributed to the rising prevalence of infertility, congenital anomalies, endocrine disorders, reproductive dysfunction, and genetic diseases worldwide. Modern toxicological research has demonstrated that chronic low-dose exposure to toxic substances can impair gametogenesis, disrupt endocrine pathways, induce oxidative stress, alter gene expression, damage reproductive organs, and adversely affect fetal development. These findings closely resemble the Ayurvedic description of Dooshi Visha and its long-term effects on reproductive tissues and progeny. The present review critically examines the Ayurvedic concepts of Visha and Dooshi Visha in relation to genetic and reproductive manifestations described in classical texts of Agada Tantra. It further explores the correlation between Ayurvedic principles and contemporary concepts of reproductive and genetic toxicology, including infertility, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, endocrine disruption, congenital malformations, and transgenerational inheritance. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding how chronic toxic exposure affects Shukra and Artava Dhatu, influences fetal development, and contributes to hereditary disorders. The review also highlights the relevance of Ayurvedic detoxification measures, preventive strategies, and lifestyle modifications in minimizing toxic burden and preserving reproductive health. By integrating the classical wisdom of Ayurveda with contemporary scientific evidence, this review attempts to establish a conceptual bridge between Agada Tantra and modern toxicology. Such an interdisciplinary approach may enhance the understanding of toxin-induced reproductive and genetic disorders, provide novel insights into preventive healthcare, and promote the development of integrative strategies for safeguarding reproductive health and ensuring healthy progeny in the modern era.

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 Keywords

Agada Tantra, Visha, Dooshi Visha, Genotoxicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Beejabhaga, Reproductive Health, Ayurvedic Toxicology, Modern Toxicology.

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Robotic balance trainers have emerged as promising rehabilitation technologies for individuals affected by stroke, neurological disorders, age-related mobility decline, and other conditions that impair postural stability. This study presents NeuroStride-X, an adaptive human-robot platform designed to support dynamic balance recovery and mobility assistance through intelligent monitoring and controlled intervention. The proposed system integrates a mobile robotic base, a robotic support mechanism, ultrasonic sensing, Bluetooth communication, and a microcontroller-based control unit to assist users during standing and walking activities. The platform continuously observes body movement and stability conditions, providing support only when imbalance is detected, thereby encouraging natural motor responses and rehabilitation progress. The design emphasizes patient safety, fall prevention, reduced dependence on therapists, and suitability for home-based rehabilitation environments. Adaptive assistance enables improved confidence, mobility, and independence while supporting repetitive training essential for motor recovery. The system combines balance training and gait assistance within a single framework, addressing limitations of conventional rehabilitation methods. The proposed approach contributes toward accessible, cost-effective, and intelligent rehabilitation solutions for enhanced functional recovery outcomes.

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 Keywords

NeuroStride-X, Robotic Balance Trainer, Human-Robot Interaction, Balance Rehabilitation, Mobility Assistance, Adaptive Control, Gait Training, Postural Stability, Rehabilitation Robotics, Assistive Technology.

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The rapid expansion of smartphone access, low-cost mobile data and social media usage has transformed the way consumers interact with brands in India, particularly in semi-urban and emerging regional markets. This study examines the impact of mobile marketing on brand awareness and consumer loyalty in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, focusing on three major districts: Prayagraj, Varanasi and Gorakhpur. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 respondents, with 50 respondents selected from each district. The study investigates key mobile marketing dimensions such as SMS and WhatsApp promotions, social media advertising, mobile app notifications, personalized offers and influencer-based mobile content. The findings indicate that mobile marketing has a significant positive effect on brand awareness and consumer loyalty. Personalized offers, frequent brand visibility on mobile platforms and interactive communication were found to be especially influential in improving brand recall, trust and repeat purchase intention. The study concludes that mobile marketing is not merely a promotional tool but a relationship-building mechanism in Eastern Uttar Pradesh's digitally evolving consumer market.

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 Keywords

Mobile marketing, brand awareness, consumer loyalty, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, digital marketing, consumer behaviour.

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This study critically analysis the concept of community service as a form of punishment introduced under Section 4(f) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023. It explores the shift from retributive to reformative justice in India, evaluating whether community service aligns with constitutional protections under Articles 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) and 23 (Prohibition of Forced Labour). The research highlights the absence of a statutory definition and detailed procedural framework for implementing community service, raising concerns about potential judicial inconsistency and constitutional violations. Through doctrinal analysis and case law review, the study demonstrates how Indian courts have increasingly endorsed community service, especially for petty offences and first-time offenders, as a tool for rehabilitation and societal reintegration. Drawing from international legal instruments such as the Tokyo and Beijing Rules, the study affirms that while community service is a constitutionally viable and socially constructive penal measure, its success depends on legislative refinement, clear guidelines, and judicial training.

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Community Service, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Article 21, Article 23, Reformative Justice, Penal Reform, Alternative Sentencing.

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PM College Of Excellence Shaskiya Madhav Kala Evam Vanijya Mahavidyalaya Ujjain MP Muraina Jile Ke Rajvanshon Ka Itihasik Vivechan

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PM College Of Excellence Shaskiya Madhav Kala Evam Vanijya Mahavidyalaya Ujjain MP Muraina Jile Ke Rajvanshon Ka Itihasik Vivechan

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MLSD-IoT (Multi-Layer Stateful DDoS Detection and Mitigation for Intelligent IoT Security) is a security framework designed to identify and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service attacks targeting Internet of Things environments. The rapid growth of interconnected IoT devices has increased network vulnerability to high-volume and low-rate DDoS attacks that can disrupt services, degrade performance, and compromise system availability. This study presents a multi-layer architecture that combines feature selection, machine learning based classification, and stateful traffic analysis for efficient attack detection. Network traffic data are preprocessed, normalized, and analyzed using mutual information based feature selection to identify the most relevant attributes. Multiple machine learning models including Decision Tree, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine are evaluated to determine the most effective classifier. The proposed framework performs attack classification, traffic monitoring, and mitigation through layered decision making, improving detection reliability and response efficiency. Experimental evaluation demonstrates high classification accuracy and effective identification of malicious traffic patterns, making the framework suitable for intelligent and scalable IoT network protection.

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MLSD-IoT, Internet of Things, DDoS Detection, Network Security, Stateful Analysis, Machine Learning, Feature Selection, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Traffic Classification, Intrusion Detection, Cybersecurity.

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Abstract: By providing individualized and flexible learning experiences, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely transform lifelong learning. AI enables educational systems to better identify the needs and preferences of each unique learner, customizing the delivery and material to maximize learning outcomes. There is room to explore the ethical implications of AI in education and to identify the opportunities and problems related to its deployment. This article looks at how AI may improve teaching and evaluation techniques as well as how it can help with ongoing skill improvement and career advancement. Understanding how AI will affect education in the future and the abilities required for lifelong learning in a world driven by AI is the goal here. Artificial intelligence technology has the potential to revolutionize education through flexible and personalized active learning. However, incorporating artificial intelligence into Internet technologies presents a number of challenges, such as managing the quick pace of technological advancement, inadequate infrastructure, dealing with the problems of diverse learning, protecting data privacy, and integrating AI with current educational frameworks. Artificial intelligence has become essential for lifelong learning in the current technological era, changing how adult access and interact with educational materials. Continuous reskilling and upskilling have become essential due to the IT environment's rapid evolution. AI is therefore positioned as both a facilitator and a disruptor of workforce transformation, requiring governance based on human-centered, ethical, and inclusive design. Automation and rapid technology breakthroughs are changing businesses, highlighting the need for people to learn new skills. Upskilling has become a crucial tactic in the AI era for navigating the changing labor market. Upskilling entails lifelong learning and gaining proficiency in fields that enhance or make use of AI technologies. Upskilling, which is the act of enhancing one's knowledge and abilities to stay relevant and productive in a world where automation and artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming more and more prevalent, has emerged as a critical necessity.

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Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning, Personalized Learning, Adaptive Learning, Skilling, and Reskilling.

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Tribal communities represent one of the most socio-economically vulnerable populations in developing nations, particularly in India. Despite the presence of numerous welfare programmes and constitutional safeguards, tribal populations continue to experience poverty, unemployment, low educational attainment, social exclusion, and inadequate access to sustainable livelihood opportunities. Traditional livelihood systems that once supported tribal communities are gradually declining due to modernization, environmental degradation, industrial expansion, displacement, and limited market accessibility. In this context, strategic skill development initiatives have emerged as an important mechanism for promoting economic empowerment, employability, entrepreneurship, and sustainable livelihood transformation among tribal populations. This conceptual paper examines the role of strategic skill development initiatives in transforming tribal livelihoods and enhancing economic sustainability. The paper discusses the changing nature of tribal livelihood patterns, the importance of skill-oriented interventions, government and non-government initiatives, digital and vocational training programmes, and the integration of entrepreneurship development for tribal economic empowerment. The study also highlights the major barriers affecting the implementation of skill development programmes in tribal regions, including geographical isolation, educational backwardness, language barriers, digital inequality, and lack of market linkage. The paper is based on conceptual analysis and secondary sources including books, research articles, policy reports, government publications, and development frameworks related to tribal development and skill enhancement. Further, the study proposes a conceptual framework connecting skill development, employability, income generation, economic empowerment, and sustainable tribal livelihood transformation. The findings indicate that strategic skill development initiatives can significantly contribute to improving tribal socio-economic conditions when implemented with localized, inclusive, culturally sensitive, and market-oriented approaches. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening tribal skill ecosystems and promoting long-term economic transformation among tribal communities.

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 Keywords

Tribal Livelihoods, Economic Transformation, Skill Development, Employability, Tribal Empowerment, Sustainable Development, Vocational Training, Entrepreneurship

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Classroom anxiety, self-confidence, oral presentation skills, secondary school students.

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Gridhrasi is one of the significant Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhi mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. Radiating pain that begins in the hip area and progressively spreads to the lower limb is its primary characteristic. The clinical presentation of Gridhrasi closely resembles the condition known as sciatica in modern medicine. Sciatica is frequently brought on by disorders such as degenerative spinal disorders, spinal stenosis, and intervertebral disc prolapse that compress or irritate the sciatic nerve. Low back pain and sciatica have become much more commonplace globally due to the rise in sedentary lifestyles, bad posture, and work-related stress. According to Ayurveda, Gridhrasi is a disorder predominantly brought on by Vata Dosha vitiation, which is occasionally linked to Kapha Dosha. The etiological factors, pathogenesis, characteristics, and management principles of this condition all of them are thoroughly described in classical Ayurvedic texts. Gridhrasi is treated with Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance causative factors), Shamana therapy using different herbal formulations, and Shodhana therapy using Basti and Virechana. For pain relief and increased mobility, panchakarma techniques such as Abhyanga, Swedana, Kati Basti, and Patra Pinda Sweda are also advised. The goal of this review is to critically examine Gridhrasi's traditional Ayurvedic concepts and compare them with contemporary knowledge of sciatica. The therapeutic potential of Ayurvedic interventions in the treatment of this condition is also highlighted in the article. Combining lifestyle changes with Ayurvedic treatment principles may offer a comprehensive and successful strategy for managing Gridhrasi and enhancing patients' quality of life.

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Gridhrasi, Sciatica, Vata Vyadhi, Panchakarma

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