Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This paper explores the intersecting themes of caste, class, and social marginalisation in Omprakash Valmiki's Joothan and Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger. Through a comparative approach, the study analyses how both texts reveal the entrenched hierarchies and discriminatory practices that shape the lives of their protagonists. Valmiki's autobiographical account offers an insider's view of Dalit oppression in post-independence India, while Adiga's novel examines the dark underbelly of India's economic liberalisation through the perspective of a lower-class protagonist. By drawing on textual evidence and scholarly analysis, the paper investigates the strategies of resistance and self-assertion employed by both protagonists within exploitative systems. The research further discusses the implications of these narratives for understanding contemporary caste and class dynamics and critiques the limitations of social mobility in a deeply stratified society. Ultimately, the paper argues that both Joothan and The White Tiger operate as counter-narratives that challenge dominant discourses and contribute to the broader project of social justice and representation.

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caste, class, marginalisation, resistance, Dalit literature, social mobility

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"A study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Foot Care Education in Improving Knowledge on the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Diabetic Patients in Selected Hospitals, Mehsana, Gujrat

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"A study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Foot Care Education in Improving Knowledge on the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Diabetic Patients in Selected Hospitals, Mehsana, Gujrat

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Yoga has become a popular system of exercise for wholesome development of personality by maintaining fitness and health.[1] Traditional Yoga practices include Shatkarma, which is a set of six practices that help you cleanse your body, mind, and spirit. [8] Hathapradipika and Gheranda Samhita, two traditional classical Hatha Yoga texts, emphasise six types of cleansing techniques (Shatkriyas), with their primary mechanism of action being stimulation. The techniques include Dhauti (internal cleansing), Basti (yogic enema), Neti (nasal cleansing), Trataka (TK) (concentrated gazing), Nauli (abdominal massaging) and Kapalabhati (frontal sinus cleansing).[8] Looking intently with an unwavering gaze at a small point until tears are shed is known as Trataka. [9] Hatha Yoga focuses on strengthening and purification of body - mind. Harmony of body and mind is the main objective and is achieved by practice of asanas, cleansing, pranayama, mudras, bandhas.[13] The Sanskrit term trataka's direct translation is "to gaze persistently."[1] Trataka is a Hatha Yoga method to develop concentration.[1] Trataka practise enhances mind-body coordination, increasing accuracy in establishing harmony in perception and performance.[2] Trataka (Yogic Visual concentration) is one of the cleansing techniques considered to enhance vision and positively influence cognitive processes.[1] The process of Trataka involves focused attention on a candle flame, the practice leads to the mind becoming one-pointed and arouses inner vision .[1] During trataka , whole system is stimulated and awakened by concentration through eyes and induces sensitivity of pineal gland.[1] The pineal gland is a small pea sizes gland above the top of the spine, in the center of the head between the two ears (technically it is located between the two cerebral hemispheres and above the cerebellum).

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EFFECTIVENESS OF TRATAKA (YOGIC GAZING) ON ANXIETY IN PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS: A PRE-POST EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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climate change; agricultural productivity; economic vulnerability; adaptive capacity; structural equation modelling; Cauvery Delta; Tamil Nadu; environmental economics.

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Electronic waste (e-waste) has emerged as one of the fastest-growing waste streams worldwide, creating significant environmental and public health concerns due to the presence of hazardous materials and improper disposal practices. This paper presents a Dual-Controller Edge Intelligence Framework for Solar-Powered Automated Electronic Waste Sorting, designed to enhance recycling efficiency through intelligent classification and autonomous segregation. The proposed system integrates an ESP32-CAM module for image acquisition and machine learning based object recognition, while an Arduino controller manages sorting operations through a stepper motor mechanism. Classified e-waste categories are transmitted using a UART communication protocol, enabling accurate and coordinated actuation. A solar energy subsystem comprising a photovoltaic panel, battery, and charging circuit provides sustainable off-grid operation and reduces dependence on conventional power sources. Real-time system status is displayed through an LCD interface for improved monitoring and usability. Experimental evaluation demonstrates reliable communication, efficient sorting performance, and an overall classification accuracy of 88.9% across multiple e-waste categories. The framework offers a cost-effective, scalable, and environmentally responsible solution for automated electronic waste management applications.

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Electronic Waste Sorting, Edge Intelligence, ESP32-CAM, Arduino, Machine Learning, Solar Energy, UART Communication, Sustainable Automation, Embedded Systems, Smart Recycling

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Rebound ability is the capacity of women to recover, adapt, and thrive after suffering setbacks, challenges, or adversity. This study examined the significant difference in rebound ability between women participating in sports and those not. 60 female students were randomly selected from Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, with 30 participating in sports and 30 not. The rebound ability was chosen as a variable, and it was measured using the mental toughness questionnaire with rebound questions (Dr. Allan Goldberg, 2004). The descriptive and independent t-tests were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in rebound ability between women who participate in sports and those who do not engage in sports.

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Rebound ability, Sports, Non sports and Women's

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The gut microbiota, a diverse and dynamic collection of microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, has a significant impact on the host both in health and illness. The human gut microbiota develops during infancy for a variety of reasons. One of the primary factors influencing the gut microbiota during life is thought to be diet. In addition to defending against infections, intestinal bacteria are essential for preserving immunological and metabolic equilibrium. Numerous inflammatory illnesses and infections have been linked to dysbiosis, or altered gut bacterial makeup. Better knowledge of inter-individual differences, the variability of bacterial populations throughout and across the GI tract, functional redundancy, and the necessity of differentiating cause from effect in dysbiosis situations are all necessary for the interpretation of this research. The present understanding of the human GI microbiota's development, composition, and effects on gut integrity and host health and nutrition is summed up in this review, which highlights the need for mechanistic research on host-microbe interactions.

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Keywords: Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, Microbiome, Precision Nutrition.

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Background: This study attempts to assess the Effectiveness of Cognitive behavior therapy on the Level of Procrastination among I year B.Sc. Nursing students. The objectives of the study are: o To assess the pre-test and Post test level of Procrastination among I year B.Sc. Nursing students. o To evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive behavior therapy by comparing pretest and post-test level of Procrastination. o To determine the association between post test score and socio demographic variables among I year B.Sc. nursing students. The conceptual frame work adopted for the study was based on Kings' S Goal Attainment Model Modified (1989). Methodology: The research design adopted for the present study was one group pretest post-test design. It comes under the Quasi-experimental design. The independent variable of the study was cognitive behavior therapy and the dependent variable in this study was the level of procrastination among 1st year B.Sc. Nursing students Results: The paired 't' test values obtained are in pretest and post-test over all 32.4. The paired 't' test value shows that by comparing the pretest and post-test values there is a significant increase in the Procrastination level. The study findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test level of procrastination among I year B.Sc. Nursing students. Key words: Effectiveness, Cognitive behavior therapy, Procrastination. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test level of procrastination among I year B.Sc. Nursing students.

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Effectiveness, Cognitive behavior therapy, Procrastination

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The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal hair root touch-up powder using natural ingredients such as henna, indigo, amla, bhringraj, hibiscus, and coffee. The formulation was developed as a safer and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic hair dyes for temporary grey hair coverage. Different batches were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical and cosmetic parameters including particle size, pH, flow property, spreadability, adhesion, washability, stability, and skin irritation. Among all formulations, Batch F3 showed the best results with excellent smoothness, adhesion, spreadability, stability, and natural black appearance. The study concluded that herbal hair root touch-up powder is an effective, safe, and user-friendly cosmetic preparation suitable for regular use.

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Herbal Hair Root Touch-Up Powder, Henna, Indigo, Herbal Cosmetics, Grey Hair Coverage, Natural Hair Colorant, Hair Care, Eco-Friendly Formulation

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Lip hyperpigmentation is a common concern that many people face, often caused by factors like sun exposure, smoking, hormonal changes, dehydration, and environmental pollutants. To help improve the look of lips and reduce dark spots, depigmenting agents in topical treatments have become quite popular. One promising ingredient is (Undecylenoyl Phenylalanine), which works by blocking the hormone that triggers melanin production. However, simply adding such active ingredients directly into skincare products can sometimes cause them to break down, lose effectiveness, or become unstable over time. This study focused on creating a lip cream with microencapsulated Sepiwhite MSH to improve the stability of the active ingredient and allow it to be released gradually. Using a special polymer-based technique, tiny capsules were made and tested for how well they held the active ingredient, how much they contained, and their structure. These capsules were then mixed into a lip cream, which was checked for its look, texture, pH balance, spreadability, thickness, ease of squeezing, and overall stability. The final product showed good physical and chemical qualities, remained stable, and had a pleasant feel. Overall, the results suggest that microencapsulation is a promising way to boost the effectiveness of cosmetic products aimed at reducing pigmentation.

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Lip Cream, Undecylenoyl Phenylalanine, Microencapsulation, Cosmetic Formulation, Stability Study.

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