Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Abstract: Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) was developed in Japan during the late 1980s as an innovative solution to counter labor shortages and address inconsistencies in concrete placement quality. Its exceptional flowability and ability to fill complex formwork without the need for mechanical vibration have revolutionized modern construction practices, offering improved surface finishes and uniformity. While numerous studies have explored its mechanical and durability properties, the economic implications of SCC particularly the cost variations introduced by material choices remain less studied. This research focuses on comparing the material costs between nominal SCC mixes and those incorporating polypropylene fibers. By assessing these cost factors, the study aims to evaluate the financial viability of fiber-reinforced SCC in practical applications. The analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of both the economic and performance-related aspects of SCC. The findings are expected to aid contractors, engineers, and decision-makers in choosing more efficient and cost-effective concrete solutions for future construction projects.

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 Keywords

Key words- Self Compacting Concrete, Form Work, Concrete, Poly Propylene fibers,Construction.

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Basti Marma, described in classical Ayurvedic texts as one among the three seats of Prana (vital force), corresponds anatomically to the urinary bladder. Basti Marma is classified as a Sadhyo Pranahara Marma, indicating a vital site where severe injury can lead to immediate loss of life. Basti Marma has been extensively detailed in the brihatrayi's. The Ayurvedic descriptions of Viddha Lakshanas demonstrate remarkable accordance with contemporary clinical presentations of bladder rupture, peritonitis, septicemia and death. This review underscores the relevance of Marma in modern clinical contexts and highlights the scientific basis of anatomical concepts. This article explores the concept of Basti Marma through classical Ayurvedic literature and its relevance in the modern anatomy and surgery. By correlating traditional descriptions with contemporary understanding of urinary bladder anatomy and bladder trauma, it aims to provide an integrative perspective on the clinical significance of Basti Marma.

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Marma, Basti Marma, Urinary Bladder, Sadhyopranahara, Viddha Lakshana

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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a serious violation of human rights and an important public health concern that greatly affects the women's health outcomes and human security, especially in the tribal areas of India. This secondary data study looks into the intricate consequences of GBV on the health and security of women in the Mayurbhanj District of Odisha, a largely tribal region with considerable health disparities. This study synthesizes evidence on the prevalence, health implications, and structural factors of GBV among women in Mayurbhanj, using nationally representative data sets, official health surveys, and qualitative evidence from the district. Results indicate that around 30-45% of ever-married women in Odisha experience intimate partner violence, with possibly higher rates in tribal-dominated regions such as Mayurbhanj. GBV transforms into physical injuries, chronic pain, reproductive health problems, and negative reproductive health outcomes, including miscarriage, stillbirth, and delivery-related issues. Mental health sequelae include depression (prevalence odds ratio: 2.04-3.14), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 2.15-2.66), and suicidal ideation (OR: 2.17-5.52). The intersectionality of tribal status, poverty, lack of access to health care, and patriarchal gender norms further worsens vulnerability. This health burden is sustained by structural constraints like low institutional capacity, inadequate screening systems, and insufficient psychosocial support services. The study uses the Human Security Framework, intersectionality theory, and the Social Determinants of Health model to assess pathways via which GBV undermines women's autonomy, health agency, and community security. The findings emphasize the urgent need to implement gender-transformative interventions that include health systems strengthening, community mobilization, and rights-based methods in accordance with India's Sustainable Development Goal 5 objectives.

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 Keywords

: Gender-Based Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Women's Health, Human Security, Tribal Populations, Mayurbhanj District, Odisha

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In the era of the digital economy, personal data has emerged as the most valuable asset, with the exponential growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in various fields, such as healthcare, finance, governance, and law enforcement, also creating significant threats to individual privacy and civil liberties. India has seen cybersecurity incidents rise from 10.29 lakh in 2022 to 22.68 lakh in 2024, marking a turning point in the country. This paper critically analyses the interplay of AI and data privacy in the context of the existing cyber laws in India, namely, Information Technology Act, 2000, Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, IT (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2021 and CERT-In Directives, 2022. It highlights the lack of automated decision-making rights, algorithmic transparency requirements, and governance of non-personal aggregated data and compares the Indian regime with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and EU AI Act, 2024. Based on this empirical incident data, this paper offers a roadmap for reform of the regulatory environment that includes a regulatory framework specifically for AI, mandatory algorithm auditing, rationalisation of data localisation and the creation of a dedicated AI regulatory body. The study highlights the importance of embedding privacy considerations into the design of their AI systems and the need for responsible AI governance to ensure that India can fulfill its goals as a global powerhouse of AI.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Data Privacy, Indian Cyber Laws, IT Act 2000, DPDP Act 2023, Algorithmic Governance, GDPR, Cybersecurity, Deepfakes, Right to Privacy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Crime Analysis, Machine Learning, Prediction, Data Mining.

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Roads in India have mostly the problems like the formation of potholes, ruts, cracks and localized depression and settlement, especially during rainy season. These are mainly due to the insufficient bearing capacity of the subgrade in water-saturated condition. The subgrade soil mostly yields low CBR value 2-5%. In the CBR method of pavement design (IRC:37-2012) the total thickness of pavement increases exponentially with a decrease in the CBR value of subgrade soil which in turn increases the cost of construction. So, it has been tried to use then geogrid material for increasing the bearing capacity of the subgrade. Laboratory CBR tests are conducted on soil samples with and without the inclusion of geogrid layer and also by varying the position of it in the mould use of geogrid increases the CBR value of the subgrade and there by reduces the pavement thickness considerably up to 40%. As on 31st march 2018, estimates the total road length in India 6,603,293km (4,103,096 mi) making the Indian road network, the second largest road network in the world after the united-states. But the roads are not giving the desired result due to poor CBR value. This study will have a positive impact on cost, as it will reduce the project as well as maintenance cost of the road. Our project will discuss in detail the process and its successful applications.

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Geogrids, reinforcement, CBR value, flexible pavement, subgrade,

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This manuscript discusses the design of Low Power Approximate Compressors for Balanced Error Accumulation in MAC operators used in VLSI and Digital Signal Processing applications. Approximate 4:2 compressors are used in the partial product reduction stage of multiplier design to reduce hardware complexity, switching activity, and propagation delay while maintaining acceptable computational accuracy. The proposed 8-bit MAC architecture is designed using System Verilog and verified using Xilinx Vivado Design Suite. The performance analysis of the proposed architecture is evaluated in terms of timing performance, area utilization, LUTs, and slices. Experimental results show that the proposed approximate compressor-based MAC architecture reduces hardware complexity and improves speed performance compared to conventional exact MAC designs. Therefore, the proposed design is suitable for low power VLSI system applications.

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Approximate Computing, MAC Operator, Approximate Compressor, Low Power Design, VLSI, Digital Signal Processing.

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Despite affirmative action laws and constitutional protections, the Dalits, who make up a sizable section of Karnataka's population, have always been on the periphery of political power. This essay explores the complex issues and ongoing difficulties that Dalits encounter in the political environment of Karnataka. Systemic obstacles still prevent meaningful representation, even with the rise of Dalit leaders, the creation of specialized political fronts like the Dalit Sangharsh Samiti, subsequent parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party, and many offshoot organizations. Caste-based discrimination within major political parties, upper-caste dominance in ticket distribution, political division among Dalit sub-castes (especially between the numerically powerful Madigas and the politically assertive Holeyas), and the co-optation of Dalit voices by mainstream parties without meaningful empowerment are some of the major issues. Dalit political mobilization is further hampered by social exclusion, economic marginalization, and violence. Both resilience and internal tensions are shown by historic movements like the Dalit Panther-inspired agitation of the 1970s and more current calls for internal reservations (like the Madiga Dandora movement). Although a small Dalit elite has been produced by reservation policies, the majority are still politically underrepresented and have little influence over the creation of laws pertaining to education, land reforms, and anti-atrocity measures.

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Key Words: Scheduled Castes politics, Dalit struggles, Dalit movement and Challenges Dalit politics

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 Abstract

The project " Cognisant Biometric Recognition with Efficiency and Privacy Protection " aims at providing a secure and efficient biometric authentication system using cloud computing and encryption techniques. The system is designed to secure sensitive biometric data such as fingerprints, facial features, iris scans, and other personal identification data while allowing for quick and accurate identification of users. However, privacy leakage and unauthorised access of the biometric data are the major challenges in the conventional biometric system. To overcome these issues, the proposed system encrypts the biometric information before storing that in the cloud, so that the information is confidential and the communication between users, database owners and cloud servers is secure.The system consists of three main modules: Database Owner, User and Cloud Server. The biometric data is uploaded to the cloud by the database owner and encrypted. The user sends a biometric query request for identification and the cloud server computes the encrypted query to retrieve the best matching biometric record, without exposing sensitive contents. The cloud securely returns the result to the database owner and user. Such approach improves the recognition efficiency and privacy protection simultaneously.The project is developed using Java technology, JSP, JDBC, MySQL and networking concepts. Platform independence, security, robustness and object-oriented features of Java make it suitable for developing secure biometric applications. The system also employs encryption mechanisms, secure data transmission, and database connectivity to ensure reliable storage and processing of biometric information.In conclusion, the proposed biometric recognition system improves the accuracy of authentication, minimises security risks, and maintains user privacy in cloud-based environments. The project shows how to combine secure biometric systems with cloud computing technologies to achieve reliable, scalable and privacy preserving user identification.

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Biometric Recognition, Cloud Computing, Privacy Protection, Data Encryption, Secure Authentication

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Amlodipine, Chlorthalidone, Simultaneous Estimation, UV Spectrophotometric Method

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