Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Printmaking has shaped culture in all parts of the world. Originally used as a form of communication, printmaking is now valued as an artistic medium with unique technical qualities. To create a print, the artist creates an image on a surface usually made of metal, stone, wood, or other material. If we describe the brief history and techniques of printmaking, then its roots can be traced back to prehistoric cave paintings and prints by humans, to the emergence of modern humans, who began to record their handprints on paper. The block printing traditions of the Indus Valley Civilization represent the earliest foundations of printmaking, and their artistic and technological innovations continue to contribute to contemporary textile printing and visual culture. In addition, the carved seals, repetitive patterns, and image transfer techniques of the Indus Valley laid the foundation for modern printmaking practices. Indus Valley, Mesopotamia where carved inscriptions were repeatedly pressed into clay for printing. These inscriptions represent their identity and trade. These inscriptions later developed with woodblock printing in China, where syllabified were carved onto blocks to reproduce text and images. Chinese scholars made rubbings from carved inscriptions around 200 AD, which was an early form of printing that could be done on paper and silk. The best example of this is the Diamond Sutra. In addition, Han Dynasty seals called chops were made by carving calligraphy characters on a flat surface of jade, silver, gold, or ivory. China introduced the practice of paper currency. The principle of buying and selling through currency made trade transactions much easier. European traveler Marco Polo discussed the use of stencils on Japanese and Chinese silk and paper currency while traveling to Europe. In fourteenth-century Europe, woodcut prints became a popular way to distribute Christian imagery to the general public. In Europe, pictorial designs were being printed on cloth. Block-prints were stenciled onto thick paper. As a result, printing began to expand in Europe. If we talk about India, there is evidence of woodblock-printed textiles on the west coast of India, but the use of blocks for printing on paper was a foreign technique. Traditional Indian arts and crafts skills such as goldsmithing, wood and metal carving, and iron work already had a strong foundation in India. At that time, these seals were made of stone and metal, which have now become digital. The best example of this is the bar code scanner.

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Printmaking, Traditional, Printing Techniques, Relief Printing

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Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure plays a vital role in supporting the growing adoption of sustainable transportation. This study presents the design and development of an IoT-assisted solar-powered wireless EV charging station that combines renewable energy generation, intelligent monitoring, and contactless power transfer in a single platform. Solar photovoltaic panels harvest solar energy and store it in a rechargeable battery system, ensuring reliable energy availability for charging operations. Wireless power transfer based on electromagnetic induction enables convenient charging without physical connectors, improving safety and reducing maintenance requirements. An Arduino-based controller coordinates system functions, while IoT connectivity through the ESP8266 module facilitates real-time monitoring of voltage, current, battery status, charging performance, and energy utilization. Operational data can be accessed remotely, enabling efficient supervision and timely decision-making. The proposed system promotes reduced dependence on conventional grid electricity, supports clean energy utilization, and enhances user convenience. Experimental implementation demonstrates effective wireless charging, stable system operation, and continuous monitoring capabilities, making the solution suitable for sustainable and smart electric mobility applications in diverse practical deployment scenarios.

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 Keywords

Electric Vehicle (EV), Wireless Charging, Solar Energy, Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Power Transfer, ESP8266, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Transportation.

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The Gypsy Goddess, is the debut novel of Meena Kandasamy, an exploration of the plight of agriculture laborers who work in horrific conditions in the fields incessantly from minimal to no wages while undergoing constant subjugation to the upper caste landlords of Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. This narrative though primarily concerned with the massacre that happened on Christmas day in 1968 in Kilvenmani village, also investigates the ideas concerned with identity, politics, etc., and the narrative evokes sympathy and horror in the reader with its narrative form. Through a combination of postmodern and metafictional techniques, Kandasamy challenges traditional novelistic structures, exposing their limitations and offering a counter-narrative to the official histories of India.

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plight, subjugation, massacre, postmodern, metafiction

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The rapid proliferation of digital technology in India has given rise to an unprecedented surge in cybercrime, transforming the socio-digital landscape and presenting significant challenges for law enforcement, policymakers, and forensic practitioners. This manuscript examines the psychological dimensions of cybercrime in the Indian context, drawing on forensic psychology frameworks to analyze the cognitive, motivational, and socioenvironmental factors that drive cybercriminal behavior. The paper explores the psychological profiles of cybercriminals operating within India, including financially motivated fraudsters, ideologically driven hacktivists, and sexually motivated offenders. Using a forensic lens, the study integrates criminological theories--including routine activity theory, general strain theory, and neutralization theory--to explain the unique manifestations of cybercrime in India's demographically and culturally diverse milieu. The manuscript further investigates the psychological impact of cybervictimization on Indian individuals and communities, with special attention to gendered dimensions of online harassment and cyberstalking. Forensic investigative methodologies, digital evidence analysis, and the role of psychological profiling in cybercrime investigations are critically evaluated. Implications for forensic practice, mental health interventions, and policy recommendations are discussed. The findings underscore the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration among forensic psychologists, cybersecurity professionals, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers to develop culturally sensitive and empirically grounded strategies for cybercrime prevention and offender rehabilitation in India.

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cybercrime, forensic psychology, India, cybercriminal profiling, cybervictimization, digital forensics, online fraud, psychological impact

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ABSTRACT Background Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is a major cardiovascular disorder associated with frequent hospital readmissions, poor prognosis, increased healthcare expenditure, and reduced quality of life. Recurrent hospitalizations among CHF patients commonly occur due to inadequate self- management practices, poor medication adherence, delayed symptom recognition, and associated comorbidities. Understanding hospital readmission patterns and associated factors is essential for improving patient outcomes and planning effective nursing interventions. Objectives o To assess hospital readmission patterns among patients with chronic heart failure. o To identify factors associated with hospital readmissions among patients with chronic heart failure. o To determine the association between hospital readmission patterns and selected demographic and clinical variables. Methods A quantitative research approach with a descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure were selected using a purposive sampling technique based on eligibility criteria and willingness to participate in the study. Data were collected using a demographic and clinical variable sheet along with a structured hospital readmission assessment checklist. Hospital readmission patterns, frequency of hospital admissions, contributing factors, and associated demographic and clinical variables were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Among 150 participants, 46% had one previous hospital readmission, 32% had two readmissions, and 22% had more than two readmissions within the previous one year. Poor medication adherence (58%), excessive fluid intake (44%), delayed symptom recognition (41%), and uncontrolled comorbidities (38%) were identified as major contributing factors for hospital readmissions. A significant association was found between hospital readmission patterns and educational status, duration of illness, smoking history, and NYHA classification (). Conclusion The study findings revealed that hospital readmissions among patients with chronic heart failure were strongly associated with poor self-management practices and disease-related factors. Early identification of high-risk patients and strengthening nurse-led patient education programmes may help reduce avoidable hospital readmissions and improve patient outcomes.

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Chronic Heart Failure, Hospital Readmission, Readmission Patterns, Cardiac Nursing.

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This study examines the impact of sales promotion tools on consumer buying behaviour, specifically in the grooming and wellness sector. The research is being conducted in the Ranchi district. Businesses use these tools to provide incentives to consumers, which motivate them to purchase the products. Based on existing literature, there have been limited studies conducted specifically within this sector. The emergence of digitalisation, adoption of artificial intelligence, augmented reality and cultural integration, such as the rise in demand for Korean grooming and wellness products, highlights the change in consumers' tastes and preferences. The preferences and purchasing patterns in this industry are constantly changing due to increased customer awareness, lifestyle changes, and growing competition among brands. The research examines the influence of promotional tools like price discounts, premiums, free samples, etc., on consumer buying behaviour in today's time. The sample size of this study is 236 respondents, and the researcher has used a convenience sampling technique. The primary data is collected through a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The secondary data is collected through online sources. The analysis of the collected data was done with the help of SPSS software, and Microsoft Excel was used for graphical representation. The research found that there is a strong relationship between sales promotional tools and consumer buying behaviour. Customers are looking to form a long-term relationship with brands within this sector. In an intense competitive market like grooming and wellness, brands should use loyalty programs to retain and encourage customers to repurchase. Integration of artificial technology and augmented reality enhances consumer experiences. Brands should use balanced monetary offers that do not make consumers question the quality of products or brand equity. Free samples/trials reduce financial and psychological risk borne by consumers.

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Sales Promotion, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Sales Promotional Strategies, Grooming Industry, Wellness Products, Purchase Intentions.

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Visual impairment significantly affects independent mobility, environmental awareness, and access to printed information in daily life. EchoLens-VI: An Intelligent Voice-Guided Perception System for Visually Impaired Individuals presents a wearable assistive solution that combines computer vision, optical character recognition, and speech synthesis to enhance user safety and autonomy. The system employs a Raspberry Pi integrated with a camera module to capture real-time images of the surrounding environment. TensorFlow Lite based object detection identifies obstacles, people, vehicles, doors, and other relevant objects, while the PyTesseract OCR engine extracts textual information from signboards, labels, and documents. Recognized content is processed and converted into natural speech through Google Text-to-Speech, enabling immediate audio feedback. Image preprocessing techniques improve recognition accuracy under varying environmental conditions. The architecture supports continuous monitoring and prioritizes critical alerts for effective navigation assistance. Experimental evaluation demonstrates reliable object detection performance, acceptable text recognition accuracy, and practical response times for real-world usage scenarios. The proposed system offers a cost-effective, portable, and intelligent assistive technology that promotes independence, accessibility, and confidence for visually impaired users.

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 Keywords

Assistive Technology, Smart Glasses, Raspberry Pi, Computer Vision, TensorFlow Lite, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), PyTesseract, Object Detection, Text-to-Speech, Visual Impairment, Wearable Devices, Artificial Intelligence.

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 Abstract

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र "ई-कॉमर्स के दौर में उपभोक्ता व्यवहार को समझने में आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस की भूमिका: डिजिटल मार्केटिंग के नए आयाम" डिजिटल युग में ई-कॉमर्स और आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस (AI) के बढ़ते महत्व को रेखांकित करता है। आज के समय में जब उपभोक्ता खरीदारी के लिए तेजी से डिजिटल प्लेटफॉर्मों की ओर रुख कर रहे हैं, व्यवसायों के लिए उपभोक्ता व्यवहार को बारीकी से समझना और उसके अनुसार अपनी मार्केटिंग रणनीतियों को ढालना अत्यंत आवश्यक हो गया है। AI तकनीक, जैसे कि मशीन लर्निंग और प्रेडिक्टिव एनालिटिक्स व्यवसायों को ग्राहकों के डेटा को वास्तविक समय में संसाधित करने, उनकी रुचियों, प्राथमिकताओं और खरीदारी के पैटर्न का सटीक विश्लेषण करने में मदद करती है। इस शोध का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह पता लगाना है कि कैसे AI ई-कॉमर्स प्लेटफार्मों पर उपभोक्ता व्यवहार को समझने और उसे प्रभावित करने के लिए नए आयाम खोल रहा है। इसके साथ ही, शोध इस बात पर भी ध्यान केंद्रित करता है कि AI-संचालित डिजिटल मार्केटिंग रणनीतियां कैसे व्यवसायों के लिए ग्राहक प्रतिधारण रूपांतरण दर और परिचालन दक्षता में सुधार करती हैं। यह शोध यह भी उजागर करता है कि कैसे वैयक्तिकृत सिफारिशें लक्षित विज्ञापन, और इंटरैक्टिव चैटबॉट्स उपभोक्ताओं के अनुभव को समृद्ध करते हैं और उनके खरीदारी के निर्णय को सुव्यवस्थित करते हैं। इस अध्ययन के लिए मिश्रित-पद्धति अनुसंधान का उपयोग किया गया है, जिसमें सर्वेक्षणों और फोकस समूहों के माध्यम से उपभोक्ताओं की प्राथमिकताओं और अनुभवों पर प्राथमिक डेटा एकत्र किया गया है। इसके अलावा, प्रासंगिक अकादमिक साहित्य, केस स्टडीज़, और ई-कॉमर्स प्लेटफ़ॉर्म रिपोर्टों से माध्यमिक डेटा का भी विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि AI तकनीकों का एकीकरण न केवल विपणन प्रयासों को अधिक प्रभावी बनाता है, बल्कि यह उपभोक्ताओं के लिए अधिक सुविधाजनक और संतोषजनक खरीदारी अनुभव भी प्रदान करता है। हालाँकि, डेटा गोपनीयता और नैतिक उपयोग जैसी चुनौतियां भी मौजूद हैं, जिन पर व्यवसायों को ध्यान देने की आवश्यकता है। यह शोध उन ई-कॉमर्स व्यवसायों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है जो प्रतिस्पर्धी बाजार में आगे रहने और स्थायी ग्राहक संबंध बनाने के लिए AI की क्षमता का लाभ उठाना चाहते हैं।

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आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस (AI), ई-कॉमर्स, उपभोक्ता व्यवहार, डिजिटल मार्केटिंग, मशीन लर्निंग, प्रेडिक्टिव एनालिटिक्स, डेटा गोपनीयता।

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus and is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. The chronic hyperglycemic state causes progressive retinal vascular damage, resulting in retinal ischemia, hemorrhages, exudates, neovascularization, and visual impairment. Although Diabetic Retinopathy is not directly described in the classical Ayurvedic texts, its clinical manifestations can be correlated with Madhumeha, Prameha Upadrava, Timira, Kacha, and Drishtigata Rogas. Ayurveda emphasizes the preservation of vision through the maintenance of equilibrium among Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala. Management includes Nidana Parivarjana, Shodhana, Shamana Chikitsa, Rasayana Prayoga, dietary regulation, and ocular therapeutic procedures. This review aims to explore the Ayurvedic understanding and management of Diabetic Retinopathy through classical references and contemporary perspectives.

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Diabetic Retinopathy, Madhumeha, Timira, Netra Roga, Rasayana, Ayurveda

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Abstract Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a key driver of economic growth, employment generation, and social transformation in rural India. Despite their growing contribution to household income and rural development, women entrepreneurs continue to face numerous socio-economic, cultural, financial, and technological barriers. This study examines the current status of rural women entrepreneurship in India, identifies the major challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, and evaluates the role of government support initiatives in promoting entrepreneurial development. The study adopts an exploratory and descriptive research design based on qualitative secondary data collected from research articles, government reports, policy documents, and published literature. The findings reveal that limited access to finance, inadequate education and skills, gender discrimination, poor infrastructure, digital illiteracy, and restricted market access remain significant obstacles to entrepreneurial growth among rural women. At the same time, government initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, Stand-Up India Scheme, National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP), and Self-Help Group (SHG) programmes have played a vital role in enhancing financial inclusion, skill development, and business opportunities for women. The study concludes that strengthening awareness, improving access to credit and technology, simplifying administrative procedures, and expanding mentorship and training programmes are essential for fostering a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Promoting rural women entrepreneurship is crucial for achieving inclusive economic growth, gender equality, and sustainable rural development in India.

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Women Entrepreneurship, Rural Development, Self-Help Groups, Government Schemes, Financial Inclusion, Women Empowerment, Rural India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition