Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Conventional bituminous surface courses in pavements are getting damaged easily. They suffer from deformation, fatigue cracking and thermal distress. This happens because of increasing traffic loads and extreme weather conditions in places like Maharashtra, India. At the time disposing of old tyres is a big environmental problem. This study checks if waste tyre crumb rubber (CRM) can be used to improve concrete surface course mixes. CRM is used to replace VG-30 bitumen in the mixes. The mixes are prepared using the process of modification. The base VG-30 bitumen was first tested as per IS 73:2013. It was found to be within all limits. The Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) was found to be 5.4% by weight of mix. This was done using Marshall mix design. CRM-modified specimens were then made at four levels: 10% , 12.5% , 15% , 17.5% These levels are based on the weight of bitumen. The specimens were tested for Marshall Stability, Flow Value and Bulk Density as per IS 17127:2019. The results show that as CRM content increases: Penetration reduces , Softening point and flash point increase This means that the binder becomes stiffer. It also becomes more thermally stable and safer to handle. Among all tested levels 17.5% CRM content gave the performance. It achieved a Marshall Stability of 15.45 kN. This is a 32% improvement over the mix at 11.7 kN. The average Flow Value was 3.58 mm. Both results meet IS 17127:2019 requirements. The 12.5% and 15% CRM mixes had flow values, above the permissible limit of 4.0 mm. The study confirms that waste tyre crumb rubber can be used to improve bitumen. It can be used for surface course applications. This can lead to pavement performance and sustainable waste tyre management.

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 Keywords

Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM); VG-30 Bitumen; Marshall Stability; Flexible Pavement; Sustainable Pavement; Waste Tyre Recycling; IS 17127:2019; Bituminous Concrete Surface Course

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

Broad-spectrum sunscreen, Zinc oxide, Titanium dioxide, Sun Protection Factor, Photoprotection, UVA, UVB, Stability study.

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 Abstract

ಭಾರತ ದೇಶವು ವಿವಿಧ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯ ನೆಲಬೀಡಾಗಿದೆ ಹಲವಾರು ಭಾಷೆಗಳಿಂದ ಕೂಡಿದ ಹಾಗೂ ಅನೇಕ ವೈವಿದ್ಯತೆಯಿಂದ ಏಕತೆಯ ನಾಡಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಕಲೆಗಳಿಗೆ, ಮನರಂಜನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಹೆಸರುವಾಸಿಯಾದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರವಾಗಿದೆ. ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಿನಿಮಾವು ಪ್ರಪಂಚದಾದ್ಯಂತ ಅಕರ್ಷಿಸುವ ವಿಶೇಷ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಸಮಾಜದ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬ, ಯಾವುದೇ ಕಲೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ತನ್ನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಸಮಾಜವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸುವಂತೆ ಸಿನಿಮಾರಂಗವು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಮತ್ತು ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿತ್ತರಿಸುವ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳು ಸಹ ಸಮಾಜದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯನ್ನು ಹಾಗೂ ಸಮಾಜದ ಆಗು- ಹೋಗುಗಳನ್ನು ಸವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾಗಿ ಚಿತ್ರಸುವ ಕಾರ್ಯಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳು ಚಿತ್ರಮಂದಿರಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರನ್ನು ಕರೆತರುವಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಪಾತ್ರವನ್ನುವಹಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಭಾರತ ಪುರಷಪ್ರಧಾನ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರವಾಗಿದೆ. ಪುರುಷಪ್ರಧಾನವಾದ ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರನ್ನು ಸಿನಿಮಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸುವುದು ಏಕಮುಖವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸುವ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಲಿಂಗ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ ಮತ್ತು ಲಿಂಗ ಸಮಾನತೆಗಳು ಅನಿವಾರ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬೆಸೆದುಕೊಂಡಿರುವುದರಿಂದ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪರದೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ಪುರುಷರ ನಡುವೆ ತಾರತಮ್ಯ ಸಮಾನತೆಯ ಸಂಘರ್ಷಗಳನ್ನು ಕಾಣಬಹುದಾಗಿದೆ. ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಭಿತ್ತಿ ಚಿತ್ರ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ತೋರಿಸುವ ರೀತಿ ಲೈಗಿಂಕವಾಗಿ ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸುವ, ಪ್ರಚೋದಿಸುವ ಜಾಹೀರಾತು ಸರುಕಾಗಿ ಮಾರ್ಪಾಡಾಗಿರುವುದು ದುರಂತವಾಗಿದೆ. ಮಹಿಳೆಯರನ್ನು, ಸಿನಿಮಾದ ಪಾತ್ರದಾರಿಯನ್ನು ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರಗಳ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಂಬೀರವಾಗಿ ಈ ಲೇಖನವು ಬೆಳಕು ಚೆಲ್ಲುತ್ತದೆ. ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಹತ್ತು ಕನ್ನಡ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರಗಳ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾದರಿಯಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ, ಈ ಲೇಖನವು ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳು ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಸಂವಹಿಸುವ ಸಂಜ್ಞಾತ್ಮಕ ವಿಧಾನ (ವಿಷುಯಲ್‌ ಸೆಮಿಯೋಟಿಕ್ಸ) ಬಳಸಲಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಈ ವಿಧಾನದಿಂದ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರನ್ನು ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ಚಿತ್ರಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದರ ಒಂದು ಸಂಜ್ಞಾತ್ಮಕ ಹಿನ್ನಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

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 Keywords

ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾರಂಗದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಪತ್ರ ಜಾಹೀರಾತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರ ಚಿತ್ರಣ: ಒಂದು ಸಂಜ್ಞಾತ್ಮಕ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ

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 Abstract

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has introduced new challenges for stakeholders ranging from grid operators to EV owners. A critical challenge is to develop an effective and economical strategy for managing EV charging while considering the diverse objectives of all involved parties. In this study, we propose a context-aware EV smart charging system that leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to accommodate the unique requirements and goals of participants. Our DRL-based approach dynamically adapts to changing contextual factors such as time of day, location, and weather to optimize charging decisions in real time. By striking a balance between charging cost, grid load reduction, fleet operator preferences, and charging station energy efficiency, the system offers EV owners a seamless and cost-efficient charging experience. Through simulations, we evaluate the efficiency of our proposedDeepQ-Network(DQN)systembycomparingitwithotherdistinctDRLmethods:ProximalPolicy Optimization (PPO), synchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C), and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). Notably, our proposed methodology, DQN, demonstrated superior computational performance compared to the others. Our results reveal that the proposed system achieves a remarkable, approximately 18% enhancement in energy efficiency compared to traditional methods. Moreover, it demonstrates about a 12% increase in cost-effectiveness for EV owners, effectively reducing grid strain by 20% and curbing CO2 emissions by 10% due to the utilization of natural energy sources. The system's success lies in its ability to facilitate sequential decision-making, decipher intricate data patterns, and adapt to dynamic contexts. Consequently, the proposed system not only meets the efficiency and optimization requirements of fleet operators and charging station maintainers but also exemplifies a promising stride toward sustainable and balanced EV charging management.I.

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 Keywords

Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Smart Charging Load Scheduling IoT (Internet of Things) Cloud Computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

National Education Policy

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National Education Policy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the NIPUN Bharat Mission have firmly established Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) as the highest educational priority in India's school system. The NIPUN Lakshyas are grade-wise, measurable learning benchmarks for children in Balvatika, Grade 1, and Grade 2, which define the irreducible minimum competencies every child must demonstrate before transitioning to Grade 3. However, a critical challenge in realizing this vision is assessment: the Foundational Stage explicitly avoids formal written examinations, yet systematic monitoring of FLN mastery is indispensable. While several qualitative assessment tools exist, including learning diaries, rating scales, checklists, running records, and observation schedules--this article makes a focused argument for leveraging two tools that are already institutionally established and professionally familiar to every teacher: anecdotal records and student portfolios. Rather than introducing new assessment instruments, the article proposes that these existing tools, when deliberately and systematically aligned with the NIPUN Lakshyas, can serve as powerful, teacher-friendly mechanisms for monitoring FLN compliance in every child. Drawing on empirical research from the past decade and key Indian policy documents, including NEP 2020 and NCF-FS 2022, the article examines how anecdotal records and portfolios can be repositioned from generic developmental documentation tools into targeted FLN compliance trackers--ensuring that no child crosses into Grade 3 without demonstrable mastery of foundational skills.

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 Keywords

NIPUN Bharat Mission, NIPUN Lakshyas, foundational literacy and numeracy, FLN compliance, anecdotal records, portfolio assessment, qualitative assessment, NEP 2020, NCF-FS 2022, Foundational Stage

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The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming workplace skill requirements and increasing the importance of continuous learning and workforce upskilling. As organizations seek to develop future-ready employees, understanding workforce learning preferences has become essential for designing effective learning and development strategies. This study aims to examine the underlying dimensions of employees' learning and upskilling preferences in the AI era, identify distinct workforce segments based on these preferences, and analyse demographic differences among the identified segments. A quantitative research design was employed using data collected from 300 employees across various industries. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the key dimensions of workforce learning preferences, while cluster analysis was used to classify employees into homogeneous groups. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests were performed to examine differences among workforce segments and their demographic characteristics. The findings revealed four major dimensions of learning and upskilling preferences: AI-related skills, technical skills, soft skills, and career-development learning. Three distinct workforce segments emerged from the analysis, namely AI Enthusiasts, Career-Oriented Learners, and Passive Learners. Significant differences were observed among the identified segments across all learning dimensions. Additionally, workforce segment membership was significantly associated with age, educational qualification, work experience, and industry, whereas gender did not exhibit a significant association.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence, Workforce Upskilling, Employee Learning Preferences, Workforce Segmentation, Human Resource Management.

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In Mamang Dai's The Legends of Pensam (2006), the central concept of pensam--the "in-between"--serves as a critical liminal threshold where myth, history, and modern transition intersect. This paper examines how Adi women navigate this space, confronting a "gendered subaltern" condition shaped by patriarchal customary laws, rigid gender roles, and the restrictive rituals of widowhood. While characters like Pinyar and Omum experience social isolation and the silencing of their lived struggles, this study argues that they are not merely passive victims of their circumstances. Instead, the narrative articulates a profound model of relational agency that challenges Western paradigms. Drawing on Indigenous feminism and cultural memory studies, the paper highlights how this agency is rooted in collective responsibility, intergenerational continuity, and ecological custodianship. As the primary transmitters of oral tradition, women serve as the vital custodians of ancestral knowledge, myths, and rituals that sustain communal identity. Their intimate environmental wisdom--expressed through agricultural practices and healing--redefines power as a life-sustaining responsibility rather than institutional dominance. By centering the roles of these women as storytellers, mourners, and caregivers, Dai's work performs a decolonising act, restoring "narrative visibility" and "symbolic presence" to voices historically relegated to the margins. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Dai redefines Indigenous strength as the capacity to negotiate the threshold of tradition and change, transforming lived silence into a profound form of cultural authority.

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Pensam, Relational Agency, Adi Tribe, Cultural Memory, Gendered Subaltern.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study aims to examine the relationship between Growth Mindset and Psychological Well-Being among prospective teachers. Growth Mindset refers to the belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through effort, learning, and persistence, whereas Psychological Well-Being represents positive mental health, emotional balance, and life satisfaction. A descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of prospective teachers selected through a simple random sampling technique. Standardized tools were used to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's product-moment correlation. The findings of the study revealed that prospective teachers possess a moderate level of Growth Mindset and Psychological Well-Being. Further, a positive significant relationship was found between Growth Mindset and Psychological Well-Being among prospective teachers. The study highlights the importance of fostering a growth mindset in teacher education programs to enhance the psychological well-being of future teachers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Growth Mindset, Psychological Well-Being, Prospective Teachers, Teacher Education, Mental Health, Academic Psychology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper argues that mental health must be treated as a core national priority in India's development trajectory towards 2047. The case is based on three linked propositions: first, the burden of mental illness is not merely a clinical concern but a constraint on human capital, productivity, public safety, social cohesion and constitutional dignity; second, India's present psychiatric infrastructure remains uneven across geography, workforce, institutions, financing and data systems; and third, the country's demographic, technological and federal capacities make a 2047 transformation feasible if mental health is elevated from programme-level delivery to mission-mode governance. Using doctrinal legal analysis, secondary policy review and systems planning, the paper examines India's National Mental Health Survey findings, the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, the National Mental Health Programme, the District Mental Health Programme, Tele-MANAS and global standards under the WHO Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030. It proposes a five-tier psychiatric infrastructure model covering community prevention, primary-care mental health, district psychiatric services, regional centres of excellence and national research-surveillance platforms. The paper further recommends a National Mental Health Infrastructure Mission 2047, a dedicated psychiatric workforce pipeline, mental health budgeting norms, insurance-linked continuity of care, school and workplace mental health systems, crisis response services, suicide prevention registries, and enforceable state-level accountability indicators. It concludes that India's goal for 2047 should be not only more hospitals and psychiatrists, but an integrated mental health ecosystem that is rights-based, community-anchored, digitally enabled and institutionally accountable.

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 Keywords

Mental Health, Psychiatric Infrastructure, India 2047, National Mental Health Programme, Tele-MANAS, Mental Healthcare Act 2017, District Mental Health Programme, Public Health Governance, Human Capital.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition