Volume 11 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The construction industry in India is rapidly expanding and making significant contributions to the country's GDP. Indian construction sector is anticipated to expand at a 6.3% annual pace between 2024 and 2027. When a payment is made late or not in the amounts promised, it poses serious problems for the contractors' cash flow. Several small construction businesses have even gone out of business as a result of late payments. One of the biggest problems, late or delayed payment, can result in disputes between parties, insolvency, project abandonment, and other things. To address the issue, a research paper proposes to find the factors that are affecting to payment delays of contractors. And To determine the correlated relationship for all the barriers taken under the research through SPSS software. The initial stage of the project involves collecting data through a questionnaire form. In this study, offline forms have been sent to various construction stakeholders. In this research, factors are collected through literature papers/ articles and the list of delay factors was evaluated and validated by construction specialists with more than ten years of experience in the region. The collected data is then analyzed using the Relative Importance Index method and statistically using SPSS. This Research study found that Client based factors and Contractor based factors have a correlation coefficient value of 0.758, indicating a strong positive link between the two variables. Based on analyzed data through SPSS & RII we analyzed 10 most significant factors, in which Delay in progress of work and activities was ranked first (mean value 3.39 & RII 0.67869 ) and Design changes during construction were ranked tenth (mean value 3.20 & RII 0.64262 ) which affect payment delay of contractors. This study concludes that Delayed payment would probably result in the contractors having excessive cash flow issues, which will have a terrible ripple effect farther along the contractual payment chain. According to the study's findings, professional organizations and governmental organizations should review and modify the current standard forms of contracts to offer protection, encourage an equitable risk distribution among all parties involved, and give protection. Maybe the issues with late payments might be resolved if the building sector adopted a more professional attitude.

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 Keywords

contractor, delayed payment, late payment, spss software, client, unavailability of funds, subcontractors, poor financial management

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This study examines the impact of celebrity endorsement on the buying behavior of Generation Z girls, particularly in the context of beauty care products. Generation Z, often referred to as Gen Z, consists of individuals born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s. With the rise of social media and digital platforms, celebrities have become influential figures in the lives of Gen Z girls, shaping their attitudes, preferences, and purchasing decisions. The beauty care industry has witnessed a significant surge in celebrity endorsements, with popular figures promoting various products, including skincare, cosmetics, and hair care. These endorsements often feature celebrities who are considered role models and trendsetters for Gen Z girls. This research explores the underlying motivations and effects of celebrity endorsements on the buying behavior of Gen Z girls within the beauty care sector. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including surveys, this study seeks to understand how celebrity endorsements influence Gen Z girls' attitudes towards beauty care products and their subsequent purchasing behavior. Factors such as the perceived expertise, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and aspirational appeal of the endorsing celebrity are examined to determine their impact on Gen Z girls' product preferences and buying decisions. The findings of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms behind Gen Z girls' response to celebrity endorsements in the beauty care industry. The study aims to provide valuable insights for marketers and brand managers, helping them develop more effective marketing strategies targeted at this influential consumer segment.

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celebrity endorsement, Gen Z, buying behavior, beauty care products, marketing strategies.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Flexibility is crucial for continuation of working of Musculoskeletal system. Muscle tightness is due to reduce in capacity of contractile structure of muscles to deform. Hamstring tightness put individuals on high risk of recurrent injury, delay return to play, reduce power performances, prone to post exercise muscle soreness and affects team work among sports team. Hamstring tightness make patient prone for low back pain or low back injuries and also affects lumber pelvic rhythm. Reduced activity at lumbo-pelvic level leads to postural distortion which develop compensatory motion that's alter spinal soft tissue mechanics and increase risk of disc herniation. Jack Knife stretching is used to increase the flexibility of tight hamstring. It can be performed by patients themselves as self-stretching technique; patient can do this self-stretching both as static and dynamic stretching and they can modify the stretching by adding objects or weights or can be done without any weight. There are articles which suggests Jack Knife may be effective exercise technique for Hamstring Tightness but strong evidence yet to be discussed. This study on jack knife stretching is going to fulfill the progression achieved by this stretching and to search more strong points to suggest the stretching for future use. OBJECTIVE: To find out the strong evidence which support the use of mentioned stretching technique in reducing tightness of back thigh muscle and improving functional task and quality of life. RESULT: Articles shown that Jack Knife stretching is effective in reducing Hamstring muscles tightness and restoring flexibility at knee joint. CONCLUSION: This literature review analysed Jack Knife stretching for Hamstring Tightness. Many types of reviews used to suggest that to decrease the stiffness between muscle and tendon junction and for this purpose we can go safely with Jack-Knife stretching for Hamstring and hence reduce Hamstring tightness. The guidelines given in this review will help us to get premium quality of results and also determine the true effectiveness of Jack Knife stretching as increases flexibility in Hamstring tightness.

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KEYWORDS: Jack Knife stretching, ADL (Activity of Daily Living), Flexibility, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis, Muscles-Tendon unit stiffness.

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Detective fiction has gained popularity in the last century. One of the popular crime fiction writers, Sara Paretsky is the creator of the detective Warshawski, a Lady with Courage, and the detective series which is known as the Warshawski series in the literary world. Sara Paretsky altered the word "Hard-boiled" through her detective fiction. Her efforts of bringing change in the detective genre were successful with her Warshawski series. As a result, the rework on Hard-boiled made a mark in her third novel Killing Orders and showed how even 'Suspense' plays a basic role in any type of crime fiction and such Suspense is unravelled by a detective. This paper aims to throw light on detective elements such as Hard-boiled and 'Suspense' in Paretsky's one of her famous novels.

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Detective fiction, hard-boiled, Jigsaw detective stories, suspense.

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This paper focuses on freedom of speech as a human right and its protection under International law. The freedom of speech and expression, which is a fundamental human right and every human being, must be given the freedom of speech. It should be mentioned that organizations and governments all over the world acknowledge and protected the freedom of expression it forms the cornerstone of a democratic society. This freedom has been viewed as including the right to receive and disseminate information. The Human Rights Committee, established in accordance with Article 28 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, has made significant contributions. The European Convention's system has likewise achieved a significant milestone in this area. Additionally, international lawmaking has been affected by American jurisprudence

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Human rights, natural law, unalienable rights, jus gentium, renaissance, international organisations, conventions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the era of globalization and technology, society demands young generations of citizens able to work in a kind of environment characterized by complexity and diversity. Therefore, the education system faces a new kind of challenge, as graduates are reported to need transversal skills, which are unlikely to be learned through traditional classroom teaching. The overall aim of this paper is to examine the needs for these skills and their acquisition by higher education teachers to cope with the evolving Indian labour market of the 2020s. The article shows the importance of soft skills in the teaching profession. The empirical part consists of a comparative study with B-School Teacher's and B.Ed teachers, highlighting the status of a set of crucial soft skills (assertiveness, networking skills, teamwork, sensitivity, socialization, action-orientation, ability to work under pressure and social desirability).

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Teaching Competences; Soft Skills; Cultural Values; Indian Education system

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ABSTRACTABS The present paper deals with Physico-chemical analysis of ground water quality of five different villages of Sherghati block at Gaya district, Bihar, i.e. Bela (S1), Chanpi (S2), Cherki (S3), Chitabkala (S4) and Shrirampur (S5). The groundwater parameters such as, pH, Temrature, Alkalinity, Phosphate,Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium,Potassium,Turbidity, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand,TDS, Arsenic, Iron, Nitrate,Chloride and Fluoride were estimated in the samples to evaluate their quality. The data of physico -Chemical parameters are compared with WHO (1992) and IS: 10500 standards for drinking water. Our result revealed that concentration of DO, BOD, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Calcium, Magnesium, Turbidity, Iron,Alkalinity,and Chloride are within permissible limits. Whereas Arsenic and Phosphate are negligible in comparison to permissible limits. The Ground water can be used as drinking and irrigation purposes. Finally it can be suggested that an intensive study may be carried out on other living organisms to avoid the hazardous/ injurious impact of the other chemical substances if these are present in the ground water.

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 Keywords

GROUNDWATER, WATER QUALITY, DISSOLVED OXYGEN

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The construction industry in India is rapidly expanding and making significant contributions to the country's GDP. However, numerous challenges such as project delays, cost overruns, poor quality, reduced productivity, safety concerns, and lack of data availability hinder its progress. To address these issues, a research paper proposes the development of an android-based application that efficiently manages office engineering documentation for residential projects. The initial stage of the project involves collecting primary data on the company's details through a questionnaire. The collected data is then analyzed using frequency analysis to identify key patterns and insights. Based on the primary data analysis, secondary data is gathered through interviews and observation surveys. This data serves as a foundation for developing the androidbased application. The Android application is designed to provide users with features such as data collection from construction sites, observation of collected data, and overall site management. To test its effectiveness, the application is implemented in a residential project. Site users utilize the application to fill in quality control data, specifically focusing on factors like Services MEP, Placing arrangement during concreting, pour height, slump, ambient temperature, and concrete temperature, for this all factors average of four construction sites 67.86% of Services (MEP) factor, 50% of Placing arrangement factor during concreting, 75% of pour height factor, 42.86% of slump factor, 89.29% of ambient temperature factor, and 85.71% of concrete temperature factor, this all factor not followed during concreting task by site users so, for this lack of information prepare a strategy for construction professional engagement plan and take action in that direction and give training to site users for better improvement. For this research work, researchers have some limitations in the development platform, due to fewer resources of finance to purchase servers and the development of Android applications.

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QA QC, digital document management, android application, digital engagement of construction professionals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper aims to investigate the current trends of urbanization in India and evaluate the strategies and policies implemented to achieve sustainable urban development. India is experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to several challenges such as environmental degradation, resource depletion, and social inequalities. Therefore, it becomes crucial to explore sustainable approaches and practices to ensure the long-term well-being of both urban and rural communities. This paper analyses various indicators of sustainable urban development and examines the effectiveness of existing initiatives while proposing recommendations for future policies.

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Urbanisation, Urban study, Sustainable development, Government schemes.

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The purpose of present study was to find out the effect of anaerobic training and super circuit training on explosive strength among college men students. To achieve the purpose of this study, the investigator proposed to select forty-five men students from Acharya Nagarjuna University affiliated colleges as subjects with the age group of 18 to 23years. The selected subjects (N=45) will be classified into three equal groups of fifteen each (n=15). Group-I will undergo anaerobic training, group-II will undergo the super circuit training and group-III will act as control. Prior to and after the training period the subjects were tested for, explosive strength. Explosive strength was assessed by standing broad jump. The statistical tool were used for the present study is Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). If obtained 'F' ratio is significant, Scheffe's test used as a post hoc test to find out the differences among the groups. The result of the study was a significant altered on explosive strength after twelve weeks of anaerobic training and super circuit training. However the different was favour of experimental groups. There was significant difference was occurred between anaerobic training and super circuit training group after twelve weeks of anaerobic training and super circuit training.

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 Keywords

Anaerobic training, Super circuit training and explosive strength

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