Volume 11 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This paper deals with methods and techniques of waste water management. It outlines the importance of decentralized approaches to waste water management and options for decentralization waste water treatment. This paper makes a special note on anaerobic treatment of waste water, waste stabilization ponds and constructed wet lands. This paper highlights the constraints in waste water management. This paper concludes with some interesting findings along with appropriate policy suggestions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Quality, Improvement, Management, Sustainability, Treatment, Wastewater

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The recent advance in nanotechnology has lead to the development of targeted drug delivery system. The ideal delivery systems solubilize the drug, lead the therapy to the target site to fulfill the individual need of patient and disease stage. Effective targeted drug delivery to specific sites is the significant problem which is being faced by the researchers. The discovery of nanosponges has become a significant step in overcoming certain problems such as drug toxicity, poor bioavailability and release of drug in a predictable fashion as they can accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug. Nanosponges exhibit a porous structure in nature which has the unique ability to entrap the drug moieties and offers a merit of desire release. Nanosponges are tiny sponges that can circulate in the body to reach the specific site and binds on the surface to release the drug in a controlled and predictable manner. Nanosponges technology has been explored widely for the delivery of drugs for oral administration, topical administration and parenteral administration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nanosponges, Targeted drug delivery, Characteristics, Method of preparation, Application

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Microalgae are autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater, and soil habitats and generate organic compounds from photosynthesis. Because of its high metabolic flexibility and adaptability to varied growing environments, integrated approaches for its cultivation are currently being developed with the goal of isolating various biologically active compounds in order to boost the profitability of algae production. The number of studies on their potential use as a source of biologically useful compounds is gradually increasing. Their extraordinary potential for CO2-fixation additionally demonstrates their critical importance in sustaining Earth's ecosystems. Furthermore, they play an important role in the removal of pollutants from different environments. In addition to ecological benefits, many micro algal species have great nutritional value and produce valuable bio-products like Pigments, lipids, bioactive chemicals, specific polysaccharides, bio-hydrogen, and even bio polyesters with plastic-like characteristics have the potential for market success. The review focuses at the main parameters (temperature, pH, component composition) that influence the biomass growth process and the production of biologically active substances in microalgae. An examination of various methods for isolating and producing the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, and vitamins) are presented and new technologies and approaches aiming for using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Micro algae, Biomass, Bio-product, Pollutants, Plastic-like.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Darjeeling, the northernmost district of the state West Bengal, India is believed to be a colonial product. No wonder, Lt. General Goerge Alymer Lloyd, the British officer is considered as the discoverer of Darjeeling. The pre-colonial history of Darjeeling is shredded in referential notes as a contested land. It was only after the formation of nation states that the borders were aptly considered. Before that the feudal monarchy was least bothered with frontiers rather subject and revenues were the only concern. Therefore, right from the conquest, formation and to the early developments, Darjeeling owes a major chunk of tribute to British regime, irrespective of colonial objectives. Likewise, colonial designs would not have turned into reality without adequate human hands, which were those of migrants. The study aims to understand the pattern of migration in Darjeeling hills over a period of almost two centuries, early nineteenth to early twenty first century. The very fact that Darjeeling was not just a colonial product but also a sum total of those laborious hands who worked for their masters, remains main consent of the study. Studies say economic factor remains the major force for driving migrants (Ullah, 2022). Seemingly, Darjeeling attracted thousands with a promise of better tomorrow. While few returned to their land of origin majority stayed back to give a drastic boon to the demography. In their language Darjeeling was referred to as 'Mughlan' a place where money sprouted out of tea leaves. Today, almost after 200 years of discovery, 2 million inhabitants of Darjeeling are in search of a new 'Mughlan'. 'Two leaves and a bud' no longer sprout cash rather has become an undeniable agency of exploitation. Tea 'coolies' are crying every day for their rightful demands. Two hundred years back, the hill had dreams to offer but unfortunately today people chase their dreams in distant land. Hence, the study ahead aims to dwell into the story of this transition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Migration, Transition, Darjeeling hills, New Mughlan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A country is not just a piece of land, or a place bounded by its geographical boundaries.Country is a place of latent desire in the mind and heart of man.To me country is a man for a man - where division by political, geographical, communal forces is not possible. Today, memories of Bengali es are still dreaming that 'my land is very beautiful' - that beautiful country, evergreen country has been divided by for what? Partition created the worst condition of Bengalis as a nation, at the same time it left women alone and helpless. If we look at the history, we will see that women have always been victims of evolution, riots, public awakening in all countries. This discussion is about those destitute women.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Political orientation, Division, Patriarchy, Plight and Humiliation of Women's

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this paintings, a step-up fuzzy managed DC-DC multi-output converter is introduced with the aid of way of integrating a superb- bring Luo converter, flyback topology, and paired inductor concept. The proposed multi-output converter has extremely good output brilliant-lift form on the same time as concurrently generating step-up voltages in its outputs. The proposed step-up converter has non-isolated and one isolated output with a clean shape using one switch and one magnetic center. There is not any voltage spike through way of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor at some point of the switch inside the proposed converter. Therefore, the transfer has low-pressure voltage. The energy inside the leakage inductor is recycled main to better overall performance in assessment to comparable converters with the coupled inductor. The walking requirements and the characteristics of the proposed converter are analyzed and noted.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Converter, Zero-voltage switching, Photovoltaic and Sensor.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of role of core strengthining exercise to improve balance and posture control in chronic stroke patients. Methodology:A comprehensive search on pub Med, Google scholar,using keywords like stroke patients, balance training, postural control, core strengthening. Selection Criteria: selection criteria includes the articles focusing on core strengthening exercises in balance and posture control in chronic stroke patients. Results:out of 10 articles they are stating that the core strengthening exercises along with conventional therapy improves the balance and posture,trunk stability,velocity,gait & quality of life in chronic stroke patients Conclusion:This literature review analyzed effect of core strengthening along with conventional therapy to correct the balance and posture control in chronic stroke patients,The wide range of review is used to demonstrate that core strengthening along with conventional therapy can be the best choice for correcting the balance and posture control in chronic stroke patients.

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Keywords:core strengthening,balance,postural control,stroke

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The immune system is one of nature most fascinating inventions.It is an amazing protection mechanism design to defend us against millions of bacteria,viruses,fungy and different toxins in the nature.The immune system is very complex.It is made up of several types of cells and protiens that have different jobs to do in fighting against foreign invanders. If our immune system is working prpoperly we are protected from dangers caused by microbs.If not,we suffer sickness and diseases.It is possible to intervene in this process and make our immune system stronger using immune boosters.Immune boosters work in many ways. They increase the number of white biood cells in the immune system army,train them to fight against microbs causing disease.This review article an overall view about some natural herbs like Withania Somnifera,Ocimum Sactum,Amla,Spirullina etc.All these herbs are popularly known for their immunomodulatory activities.

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Key words: Immune boosters-substances which increase immune power, Immunomodulators-substances which changes immune activity, Invention-new findings etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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We have come across many areas in which the "IVRS-Interactive voice response system" being used so, we taught of exploring its use in the field of Agriculture, we mean to say that to employ this voice system to be interfaced between our agri-motives with its owner. This would help him to control systems in field just by calling to a mobile irrespective of his location. This intend to help him very much giving him/her a power to access to control devices (Irrigation motor) being present at remote locations which is far better than using BT or WIFI technology, where he can also expect a response from the same represents its status. This method involves use of 'DTMF-Dual tone multi frequency technique which involves giving different frequency for different key on pressing, this signal is processed to get the required work done, this is done by using a simple, cost effective 'AURDUINO 'modules, the response is obtained from these devices using sensors which is connected to the same board. Making calls uses calling facilities provided by any network provider, by placing a 'SIM' card inserted onto 'GSM' board which acts a call making module and provides required control signal to processor. "So, implementing this system, anyone can hold on to his device with or without knowing the internal working. Implementation and working is also simple and cost effective, just if u ask to turn ON just make a 'CALL'.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DTMF, AURDUINO UNO, GSM 900A, LCD DISPLAY, RELAY, USB, SPEAKER

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition