Volume 8 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The Indo-Islamic-Persian style was the distinguished and chief characteristic feature of the Mughal architecture which was flourished on the Indian subcontinent during the reign of Mughal Empire (1526�1857). This new style was a result of combination of elements of Islamic art and architecture, which were introduced to India by the Delhi Sultanate (1192�1398) and had produced great monuments such as the Qutub Minar which consist the features of Persian art and architecture. Mughal monuments are found chiefly in north India and many remains can be found in Pakistan too. Rolling vines and flowers, jewels, and crowns in greens, blues, and gold embellish Mughal buildings. The main aim of this paper is to describe the beauty of the Mughal Architecture which enriched the field of architecture in India.

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 Keywords

Mughal Empire, Indo-Islamic, Culture, Architecture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the ever changing economic scenario globalization, liberalization and privatization policies of the Government, in recent years, have made an ineffaceable impact by bringing into force new economic system in India. Over the centuries system of taxation has been shaped and reshaped to make it acceptable, effective and efficient. The journey of restructuring the tax system has been going on to make it more and more meaningful. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is considered to be a best solution for all these issues and which is expected to bring in tax efficiency, simplicity, transparency and degree of harmonization to the tax base, tax rates as well as tax infrastructure. More than 160 countries around the world have already implemented GST and implementation of GST in India would bring in similarity. Now, implementation of GST has become certain in India and it is a right time to understand it. So this paper tries to throw a light on various aspects of GST and to know its probable impact on Indian economy, India sales tax rate-GST, GDP growth. The data are collected through various Primary and secondary sources like reports of Government, professional bodies, working committees and also from research papers, articles, news, budget sessions etc. As in other countries, the systemic reforms in the tax system in India in the 1990s were the product of crisis but the reforms were calibrated on the basis of comprehensive analysis. Tax reform since 1991 was initiated as a part of the structural reform process, following the economic crisis of 1991.

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 Keywords

Goods and Services Tax (GST), Indirect Tax, Sales Tax, India sales tax rate -GST, benefits, challenges and impact on sectors.

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Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. The main ingredient in the conventional concrete is Portland cement. The amount of cement production emits approximately equal amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Cement production is consuming significant amount of natural resources. That has brought pressures to reduce cement consumption by the use of supplementary materials. Availability of mineral admixtures marked opening of a new era for designing concrete mix of higher and higher strength. coconut fibre is a admixture, whose potential is not fully utilized The study focuses on the compressive strength performance of the coconut fiber reinforced concrete containing different percentage in a weight basis by 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%.

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Concrete, Admixture, Cocuntfibre, compressive strength

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Most of the world's population today lives in cities. By 2030, the population of the cities around the world is expected to grow from 3.3 billion to 5 billion people. In Israel, about 6 million people live in urban areas. Due to resource constraints, there will be a problem in the future to provide all the services to the residents. To continue to serve and improve the standard of living of the growing population, it is necessary to develop smart cities. The Smart City aims to make optimal and sustainable use of all resources, while maintaining an appropriate balance between social, environmental and economic costs. In the Smart City, maximum use is made of ICT to improve the functioning, management, and supervision of the variety of systems and services, with an emphasis on saving energy, water, land and other natural resources. The main categories that define smart cities include the quality of the environment, energy, water and waste water, transportation and traffic, information and communication systems, quality of life, government, economics, human resources, housing and land use, homeland security, and emergency preparedness. The degree of preparedness of the city for the collapse of the municipal systems, whether as a result of state security or natural disasters, should also be taken into account. In order to manage and promote the issue in Israel, the Smart City Administration was established two a half years ago, at the initiative of the Ministry of Energy. The Administration will have a representative of each government office and each office will have a team to work on the issue. The Administration will determine where resources will be invested and which projects will be promoted.

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 Keywords

Internet of things,smart city, sustainability, National plan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT: Taxation policies revised every year to provide simplified version of tax structure for every Indian tax payer. In union budget it was decided to give new optional tax system to individual assesses. This paper covers new optional tax system, comparison with old tax structure, relevance of optional tax in the present situation. Objective of this paper includes understanding tax payer�s mindset while approaching optional tax, creating awareness among tax payer about new regime, shortcomings of optional tax and its impact in coming financial year. For this purpose data is collected primarily with the help of questionnaire and various research paper and journals are reviewed to give better analysis. Findings of this paper includes respondents believe that people will follow old tax structure since in new tax regime there is no deductions to avail. However most of respondents agreed that new scheme is better compared to old as it is entirely depends on the level of income and level of investment of respective individual. Overall one can say that if you sideline the few limitations of new tax scheme it is the right step forward of becoming key tax reform in the recent history.

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 Keywords

Optional tax regime, Indian tax payer, Old tax structure, Relevance.

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The twin cardinal principles of Gandhian philosophy are truth and non-violence. The ultimate station Gandhi assigns nonviolence stems from two main points. First, if according to the Divine Reality all life is one, then all violence committed towards another is violence towards oneself, towards the collective, whole self, and thus �self�-destructive and counter to the universal law of life, which is love. Second, Gandhi believed that ahimsa is the most powerful force in existence. Ahimsa had himsa been superior to, humankind would long ago have succeeded in destroying itself. The human race certainly could not have progressed as far as it has, even if universal justice remains far off the horizon. From both viewpoints, nonviolence or love is regarded as the highest law of humankind. Peace and harmony is an essential component of human life. Gandhian philosophy is supposed to promote universal human values, peace, harmony and co-existence. India has been a country of universal brotherhood in promoting global peace and also could solve any prevailing problems on the ground of truth and non-violence.

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 Keywords

co-existence, cardinal principles, divine reality, global peace

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 Abstract

BIJNAUR JANPAD ME KRISHI BHUMI UPYOG KA VISHLESHAD TATHA ARTHIK VIKAS PAR PRABHAV KA MULYANKAN BY RASHMI SHARMA RAWAL

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BIJNAUR JANPAD ME KRISHI BHUMI UPYOG KA VISHLESHAD TATHA ARTHIK VIKAS PAR PRABHAV KA MULYANKAN BY RASHMI SHARMA RAWAL

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Readability is perceived as the ability to read and understand the content thereby. A good deal of interest is shown all over the world in the readability of print media. In this age of competitiveness the print media are required to produce the contents which are absolutely readable understandable and useful. The need and importance of measuring the readability of print media becomes even clearer since the modern society moves towards knowledge based society from the point of view of modern media management. The present study measures the extent and quality of readability of national English dailies of India namely The Hindu and The Times of India.

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Readability, Word length, Reading Grade level, Text Difficulty, Average sentence length

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Odisha has been witnessing about seven lakh inter-state migratory workers working in the destination states under the process of liberalisation and industrialisation. Inter-state migration is nothing new, but it has risen as a crucial issue recently after the hasty shutdown of the country. In the current scenario when COVID-19 is declared as epidemic in India, huge exodus at inter-state level is reached at its highest in Odisha with five lakh migrants returning to their parent/original state till June 2020. Huge inter-state migration has been triggering amid lockdown due to the anticipation of job loss, destabilisation of economies and worsened food security, which is overblown in backward state like Odisha, largely dependent on a migrant workforce. Now, the life of migrants is full of insecurity and uncertainty from the perspective of economic, food, employment, psychological, and health factors. It poses key concern for Odisha in various ways such as in terms of employment, policies, economic and health matters. The present paper aimed to find out inter-state migration in Odisha amid epidemic and shutdown and how our state, political leaders, planners and policy makers are concerned and prepared to look at the issue of great bulk of the amorphous informal workforce with gravity amid lockdown and the study is an effort of searching for certain measures to sort-out this issue.

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 Keywords

Inter-state migration, health, employment, food, policies, shutdown, lockdown, origine state

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cognitive radio provides good clarification to spectrum shortage problem to accommodate new wireless applications. The network selection is an important mechanism in cognitive radio heterogeneous network ) to provide optimal Quality of Service to both Primary Users and Secondary Users. The aim of this work is to provide optimal QoS to SUs by appropriate network selection and channel assignment. The proposed FACOCRA (Fuzzy Ant Colony optimization based cognitive routing algorithm) selects the best network while maximizing the data rate and minimizing the interference and cost simultaneously. Simulation results show the attractive performance of our proposed algorithm.

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 Keywords

CRN, ACO,PSO,On-demand routing,Overhead ratio

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition