Volume 8 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Global warming and climate change have resulted in unexpected drought, stormy rainfalls, extremely high temperature, cold damage and hurricanes in many places around the world where such disastrous tragedy had never occurred in the past decades. Establishing an environmental friendly co-existing mechanism on earth is of vital importance. In recent years, agrochemicals are extensively applied to obtain higher yield. Intensive application of agrochemicals leads to several agricultural problems and poor cropping systems. Farmers use more chemical fertilizers than the recommended levels for many crops. Excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer not only accelerates soil acidification but also risks contaminating groundwater and the atmosphere. The extensive research program on beneficial bacteria and fungi has resulted in the development of a wide range of bio-fertilizers, which satisfied the nutrient requirements of crops and increased the crop yield as well. Many experiments in greenhouses and in field conditions have revealed that different crops responded positively to microbial inoculations. In particular, successful rhizobial inoculants were applied to leguminous plants and AM fungi for muskmelons in order to increase the yield and quality. Multifunctional bio-fertilizers were developed to reduce about 1/3- 1/2 of chemical fertilizer application. In the future, enhancement and maintenance of soil fertility through microorganisms will be a very significant concern.

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 Keywords

: Bio-fertilizers, perspective, sustainable agriculture, inorganic fertilizers, inoculants.

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Wild edible plants (WEPs) are a staple in the diets of Jharkhand's indigenous peoples. Most of the rural inhabitants in Jharkhand's various regions have gained specialised knowledge about the uses of plants and plant components. The purpose of this research was to collect first-hand accounts of the variety and practical use of wild edible weeds used by the tribal people of Jharkhand. In the current research, data from 118 quadrats in 59 distinct woods revealed a total of 62 unique herbs, shrubs, and small trees belonging to 41 groups, of which 54 are edible as medicine, vegetables, or both. Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (51 quadrats/134 total) and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (47 quadrats/134 total) are two of the most widely distributed wild edible plants in the research region. Similar to how Clerodendrum viscosum Vent., nom. superfl. (40) is the most common edible grass, Lantana camara L. (35), Croton oblongifolius Roxb. (34), and Flemingia stobilifera (L.) R.Br. (20) are the most common edible shrubs. Overexploitation and unsustainable harvesting for food and medicine, together with other biotic interferences including grazing, herbivory, and human fire, have been reported to have reduced the variety of WEPs in Jharkhand. Therefore, it is crucial to protect these precious Wild edible plants (WEPs) and put them to good, long-term use. In addition, there is a need for further studies to be conducted on the medicinal possibilities and nutritive benefits of WEPs so that a scientific foundation may be laid for the future development of herbal medicines and traditional cuisines.

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 Keywords

Wild Edible Plants, Medicine, Utilization, Tribals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Spectrum Sensing Time Optimization Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLDOSS)

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Spectrum Sensing Time Optimization Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLDOSS)

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 Abstract

Metamorphosis of the concept of heroine in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre.

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Metamorphosis of the concept of heroine in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre.

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In present investigation pulping of Anthocephalus indicus (kadam) were carried out using 12 and 14, % active alkali and pulps produced corresponding to kappa number 36.49 and 24.76 were treated with oxygen at 8 kg/cm2 oxygen pressure. At pressure, treatment was given 100oC and 110oC temperature for 60 minutes using 1.00 and 2.00 % alkali charge. Unbleached and pulps subjected to delignification by oxygen under alkaline conditions under pressure the residual and removed lignins were treated with nitrobenzene oxidation and the products was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compound like P-hydroxy benzoic acid, Vanillic acid, Syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, Syringaldehyde, Acetovanillone, Acetosyringone was identified. The effect of oxygen treatment with different temperature and alkali charge on compound like vanillin, Syringaldehyde and Vanillic acid was analysed in adequate length of paper.

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 Keywords

Anthocephalus indicus, lignin, Nitrobenzene, vanillin, Syringaldehyde, Oxygen treatment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smartphones is an outstanding scientific invention and this magical device is an integral part of our daily life. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic occurred in a time of this scientific progress and global digitalization; where smart phones become ubiquitous in our lives from education to clinical consultation. It helps us to stay connected with our family, friends, loved ones and society as well in variety of ways including: calling, Text/Messages, E-mail, video calling, public or social media. The various applications and components on a handset including gaming, social networking, electronic mailing, online payment, barcode scanning, calculators, weather report, text messages, Bluetooth, camera, MMS messaging, MP3 player and GPS have made users more and more tech informative. Offering an immense advantage to the public including learners, it has also spread its negative effects. There are some social, psychological and health effects of mobile phone users. The higher rates of mobile application usage by teachers and students significantly affected the self-regulation of behaviour, imposed negative aspects on meta-cognation and cognitive learning. This paper tries to explore impact of smart phone usage in learning and its effect among students as well. Moreover, it will look in the social, physiological, psychological, environmental effects among the students and describes strategies to be adopted to manage this.

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Smart Phone, Mobile usage,

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 Abstract

HINDI BHASHA KE SEWARAT EVAM SEWAPOORV SHIKSHAKON KI SOOCHNA PRAUDYAUGIKI KE PRATI ABHIVRITTI KA ADHYAYAN

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HINDI BHASHA KE SEWARAT EVAM SEWAPOORV SHIKSHAKON KI SOOCHNA PRAUDYAUGIKI KE PRATI ABHIVRITTI KA ADHYAYAN

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Water and air the two essential components which serve as the soul of all life forms; have become global garbage cans. Synthetic polymers are vital to many branches of industries for example in packaging industry, Manufacturing industry, Automobile industry etc. Though they are essential element in the cycle, but the fact that Plastic are harmful cannot be denied, especially because of its non-biodegradable nature. When we litter it on soil it makes the soil less fertile, it also harms the sea life , burning of plastics leads to environmental pollution owing to release of poisonous chemicals. Growth is persistent , so is the need of polymers, increasing day by day therefore unlike synthetic polymers that are derived from petroleum oil a better, optimized and efficient substitute would be bio-plastics produced from renewable biomass sources such as plant residue and extracts, agricultural by-products organic minerals to decrease the burden of pollution. This paper discusses cause and affect relations of synthetic polymers on human race as well on marine life further a brief on bio-plastics as an efficient alternate

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synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymer degradation

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This paper discusses the role, importance and challenges of ICT in teaching learning process in the 21st century. Information and communication technologies at present are influencing every aspect of human life. ICT is described as the whole range of process of generation, storage, transmission, retrieval and processing of information. It helps in breaking the walls of time distance and speed in the educational set up. ICT as the technology used to manage information and aid communication. It offers learners more complete and individual control over their learning. Moreover, many people recognize ICTs as catalysts for change, handling and exchanging information, teaching strategies, teaching methods, learning approaches, scientific research, and in accessing information. The effective integration of this technology into classroom practices poses a challenge to teachers and administrators. Improving the quality of education and training particularly at a time of educational expansion, ICT enhance to quality of education by increasing learners motivation and engagement, by facilitating the acquisition of basic skills, and enhancing teacher training. The papers examine the importance, role and challenges of ICT in the contemporary society.

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ICT, Role, Importance and Challenges.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Practical Ethics on Animal Rights

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