Volume 14 | Issue 5 | May

 Abstract

This study explores the association between emotional dysregulation and psychological distress among young adults raised in conflict-ridden families, emphasizing the influence of adverse family dynamics on emotional and mental health outcomes. Emotional dysregulation, which involves difficulties in recognizing, managing, and responding appropriately to emotions, is often linked to higher levels of distress, particularly among individuals exposed to ongoing family conflict, instability, and ineffective communication. In this study, data were gathered from young adults using standardized tools to measure emotional dysregulation and psychological distress, including indicators such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the two variables, suggesting that greater difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with increased psychological distress. Furthermore, the findings underscore the amplifying effect of conflict-ridden family environments on these challenges. Overall, the study highlights the need to focus on improving emotion regulation skills in interventions and adds to the understanding of how family conflict can have lasting effects on the mental health of young adults.

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 Keywords

Emotional dysregulation, Psychological distress, Young adults, Conflict-ridden families, Family conflict, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Emotional regulation, Mental health, Adverse family environment, Coping mechanism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The paper explores how motivational human resource management strategies employed by startups could help develop democracy within the workplace and promote citizenship participation in urban India. The paper maintains that after startups pass the initial stage of survival, they could potentially be not just economic entities but also institutions wherein democratic skills are learned and practiced. The paper contributes a novel synthesis that links startup survival, motivational HR practices, workplace democracy, and civic engagement within the Indian urban context. It extends discussion beyond startup performance to the democratic and social value of organizational design. This work employs a conceptual and narrative review methodology. The literature on entrepreneurship survival, democratic workplace management, motivational human resource management, ownership, and civic engagement is reviewed to develop an integrative theory around the startup ecosystem in the city context, specifically in Mumbai. The findings of the paper reveal that the following three practice clusters appear to be critical: employee stock option schemes, work structures based on flatness and participation, and the use of artificial intelligence for sentiment monitoring to create a responsiveness tool rather than a means of surveillance. These can enhance autonomy, ownership, voice, and political efficacy internally, spilling over into the civic sphere. Startup entrepreneurs and HR managers can consider motivational HR systems as governance mechanisms. Rather than looking at retention programs merely as tools for productivity, they can develop participatory programs that enhance both employee commitment and organizational sustainability. The paper positions startups as potential micro-democratic institutions that can contribute to participatory citizenship in urban India by cultivating agency, responsibility, and collaborative problem-solving among employees. The study is theoretical in nature and does not examine the proposed relationships empirically. Further research could confirm the model using surveys, mixed methods, and comparative analyses within Indian startup ecosystems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

startup survival; workplace democracy; civic engagement; motivational HR practices; ESOPs; urban India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Why do some startups survive the critical three-year mark while others, even those with strong ideas and adequate funding, fail silently within 36 months? The systematic literature review addresses that question by exploring the relationship between motivational human resource management (HRM) practices and startup survival, but with a more specific geographic focus on the startup ecosystem in Mumbai, India - the most expensive, most competitive and most complex entrepreneurial ecosystem in the country. A total of 140 peer-reviewed articles found in Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO were reviewed, screened, and synthesized based on the guidelines of PRISMA 2020. The review confirms the 36-month demarcation point as a theoretically grounded and empirically established demarcation point between organizational precariousness and relative stability, anchored in Liability of Newness, Resource-Based View, Organizational Ecology, and Self-Determination Theory. Five thematic categories of motivational HR practices are identified, namely, equity-based compensation (ESOPs), career development, recognition culture, flexible work arrangements, and open communication, which are linked to different mechanisms of survival. The study proves that ventures that adopt systematic motivational HR practices in their incubation stage are more likely to survive beyond three years. The review highlights crucial areas for further research in the Mumbai context, such as the lack of research papers indexed in Scopus concerning the entrepreneurial ventures of MMR. The literature search will be confined to those articles published till October 2025.

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 Keywords

Startup Survival, Three-Year Threshold, Motivational HR Practices, Mumbai Startup Ecosystem, Liability of Newness, Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Resource-Based View, PRISMA 2020

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Concrete is prepared by combining cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate, and a controlled quantity of water. Traditionally, river sand has been the most widely used fine aggregate due to its easy availability and suitability in mix design. However, excessive extraction of river sand has led to serious environmental concerns such as riverbed erosion and ecological imbalance. In addition, the declining availability of natural sand is creating challenges for construction activities and infrastructure development. To address this issue, alternative materials like crushed stone sand--commonly known as Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) or Robo Sand--are increasingly being used as a substitute for river sand. The use of such materials not only reduces the dependency on natural resources but also helps in minimizing environmental degradation caused by over-mining of riverbeds. Before adopting these alternatives in concrete, it is essential to study and compare their properties with those of natural sand. Important parameters such as specific gravity, fineness modulus, and compressive strength need to be evaluated to ensure their suitability. The main objective of this project is to examine the key characteristics of crushed stone sand and compare them with river sand. Concrete specimens are prepared by replacing natural sand with crushed stone sand in proportions of 0%, 50%, and 100%. The compressive strength of these mixes is then determined for M20 grade concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.45, to assess the performance and feasibility of using crushed stone sand as a sustainable alternative.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Concrete; M-Sand vs River Sand; Fine Aggregate Replacement; M20 Mix (w/c 0.45); Strength & Properties; Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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For the inclusion and empowerment of persons with disabilities, Para-sports have emerged as an important platform. However, there is an increase in the recognition of Para-athletes at various levels viz., national or international level; despite this various social barriers continue to affect their participation and acceptance with in the society. The current study tries to examine the social barriers faced by Para-athletes in Rajasthan from a sociological perspective. This work is based on primary data collected during the state level games from a total of 201 Para-athletes, using a structured questionnaire including both open and close ended question. The findings are of the view that despite the growth in this field many Para-athletes experiences social challenges such as distribution, negative societal attitudes, lack of recognition and exclusion. Respondents also highlighted that society often view Para-athletes differently from able-bodied athletes. These experiences of the respondents reflect the persisting stigma and stereotype associated with disability. Addressing these challenges requires a larger social awareness, empathy, inclusive attitudes in order to enhance Para-sports and promote a more equitable sporting environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disability, Para- Sports, Rajasthan, Para-athlete, Stigma, Sociology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Enrofloxacin, a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic in veterinary medicine, requires stringent quality control to ensure its safety, efficacy, and stability. The development of stability-indicating analytical methods is essential for accurately quantifying the drug in the presence of its degradation products formed under various stress conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), particularly reverse-phase HPLC, has emerged as a reliable and sensitive technique for this purpose. This review focuses on the development and validation of stability-indicating HPLC methods for the quantitative estimation of enrofloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Key aspects of method development, including selection of chromatographic conditions, optimization of mobile phase, and detection parameters, are discussed in detail. The role of forced degradation studies under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions in establishing method specificity is also highlighted. Furthermore, the review summarizes validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and sensitivity in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Recent advancements in analytical techniques, including green chromatography and hyphenated methods, are also considered. Overall, stability-indicating HPLC methods play a crucial role in pharmaceutical quality assurance, regulatory compliance, and stability assessment of enrofloxacin formulations, ensuring the delivery of safe and effective veterinary products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Enrofloxacin, HPLC, Stability-indicating method, Forced degradation studies, Chromatographic analysis, Validation parameters

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) tool Obsidian Circuit is modular and has a graphical user interface (GUI). It has been designed in such a way that it becomes easier to observe digital security incidents. This tool enables it to be more efficient in analysing incidents with a faster and more accurate display of forensic results in a simplistic style graphical interface.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Forensics, Incident Response, DFIR, File Integrity Verification, Metadata Analysis, Network Traffic Analysis, Log Analysis, PCAP Analysis, Threat Detection, Intrusion Detection, Cybersecurity, Forensic Investigation, Rule-Based Detection, Security Monitoring, Data Exfiltration Detection, Streamlit, Python, Security Analytics, Incident Investigation, Threat Intelligence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's master-slave dialectic as a theory of self-consciousness grounded in recognition, fear, and labour, and extends it into the domain of economic theory. Against interpretations that treat mastery as the realization of freedom, the paper argues that the master's recognition is structurally deficient because it is derived from a dependent consciousness. By contrast, the slave's experience of fear and engagement in labour generates a transformative process through which self-consciousness becomes mediated and historically grounded. The paper develops an original interdisciplinary model that formalizes this dialectic in economic terms, interpreting recognition as a non-material utility component and labour as a process of value creation and self-objectification. The analysis demonstrates that domination produces unstable utility equilibria, whereas labour-mediated recognition generates sustainable value, both economically and philosophically. The master-slave dialectic is thus reinterpreted as a dynamic model of subject-formation and economic development, revealing that genuine freedom emerges not through domination but through productive and reciprocal mediation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Master-Slave Dialectic, Recognition (Anerkennung), Self-Consciousness, Labour Theory, Economic Mediation, Utility Theory, Non-Material Utility, Value Creation, Subject-Formation, Dialectical Philosophy, Social Ontology, Game Theory, Behavioural Economics, Reciprocal Recognition, Freedom and Mediation, Political Economy, Identity Formation, Philosophical Economics, Interdisciplinary Theory

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic ulcers, present a major therapeutic challenge due to delayed healing, high risk of infection, and impaired tissue regeneration. The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal hydrogel as an effective topical drug delivery system for wound healing applications. The hydrogel was developed using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and incorporated with herbal extracts of Azadirachta indica and Centella asiatica, known for their potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Suitable excipients such as triethanolamine, glycerin, methyl paraben, and acetic acid were used to achieve the desired consistency, stability, and preservation of the formulation. The prepared hydrogel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, and drug content. The formulation exhibited a smooth and homogeneous texture with a pH suitable for skin application. Viscosity and spreadability were found to be optimal, ensuring ease of application and improved patient compliance. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release pattern of the active constituents, which is beneficial for prolonged therapeutic action at the wound site. The antimicrobial activity of the hydrogel indicated effective inhibition of microbial growth, supporting its role in preventing wound infections. Additionally, the formulation was found to be non-irritant and safe for topical use. Overall, the developed polyherbal hydrogel showed promising results and can be considered a potential alternative for the effective management of diabetic wounds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Wound healing, hydrogel, Centella asiatica, Diabetes wounds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In India, the position of mother is considered as the highest and her role is crucial in upbringing the family and society, but in history of India except very few names like Gautani, Jijabai and so on, where is the mother, her role, who is the mother and why mother was not highlighted for her contribution to society? All these questions are arising again and again in my mind and heart. In this patriarchic historical writing society of India only fathers are highlighted as Father of Indian Renaissance, Father of the Nation, Father of Social Revolution,1 Father of Modern India and so on. I started researching mother and her role by revisiting the pages of Indian History and I found a clue to my questions and there are women who played a major role in the progress of society. In 19" Century India we have social and religious reform movements and this period is called as Indian Renaissance, during this period Savithribai Phule come forward and played a crucial role of mother to uplift the society for the progress of the complete nation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Savitribai Phule , Gowtami, Jeejabai, Davadase, Mali, Backward

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition