Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Access to quality education remains uneven across rural and urban areas, leading to significant disparities in learning outcomes and future opportunities for students. Inclusive and equitable education is essential for fostering social mobility, economic development, and sustainable communities. However, rural students often face challenges such as inadequate school infrastructure, limited access to qualified teachers, a lack of technological resources, and socio-economic barriers that hinder their educational progress. In contrast, urban schools generally benefit from better funding, advanced learning tools, and a wider pool of trained educators. This paper explores comprehensive strategies to bridge the rural-urban divide in education by leveraging policy reforms, technology-driven solutions, community participation, and teacher capacity-building programs. Digital learning platforms, mobile classrooms, and distance education can expand access to quality teaching in remote areas. Additionally, government and private sector collaborations play a crucial role in funding infrastructure development, improving teacher incentives, and promoting innovative learning models. Special attention is given to curriculum localization, ensuring that educational content is relevant to the unique cultural and economic contexts of rural communities. Moreover, this study underscores the importance of inclusive policies that address gender disparities, children with disabilities, and marginalized communities to ensure that no child is left behind. By implementing targeted interventions, policymakers and educators can work towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which advocates for inclusive and equitable quality education for all. The findings of this paper emphasize that bridging the rural-urban educational divide requires a multi-stakeholder approach, long-term commitment, and adaptive strategies to create a more just and effective education system.

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 Keywords

Inclusive education, equitable access, rural-urban divide, educational policy, digital learning, teacher training, SDG 4.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Madhyamik star par adhyayanrat vidhyarathiyon ki srujanatamka chintan kshamta ka adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Madhyamik star par adhyayanrat vidhyarathiyon ki srujanatamka chintan kshamta ka adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

It is anticipated that ongoing climate change will have an impact on individual organisms at every stage of life, which will have an impact on species populations, communities, and ecosystem function.Because of rising temperatures, ocean acidification, hypoxia, and habitat changes brought on by climate change, fish physiology and behaviour are being profoundly impacted in aquatic ecosystems.Potential changes in biodiversity and the sustainability of fisheries result from these alterations, which also impair metabolic processes, reproductive success, and ecological interactions. Although some species may be able to adapt through behavioural and physiological flexibility, many are in danger because of the quick changes in their surroundings. The effects of these environmental stresses on fish immunological responses, growth, reproduction, and metabolic rates are examined in this review. High temperatures speed up metabolic processes, raising energy needs while perhaps decreasing growth and reproductive success. Ocean acidification impairs feeding and predator avoidance by interfering with sensory processes.Respiratory stress brought on by low oxygen levels modifies habitat choices and movement behaviours. Furthermore, changes in migration and spawning cycles brought on by climate change have an effect on species ranges and population dynamics. Comprehending these physiological and behavioural reactions is essential for forecasting future shifts in biodiversity and putting conservation plans into action. This review highlights knowledge gaps and potential research goals by synthesizing recent studies on fish adaptations and vulnerabilities brought on by climate change.It is essential to comprehend these effects in order to create conservation plans and sustainable management techniques. To protect aquatic ecosystems in a changing climate, future studies should concentrate on species-specific reactions, long-term adaption strategies, and mitigation techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Climate change, Aquatic ecosystem, Fish physiology, behaviour, temperature, Ocean acidification, hypoxia, Environmental stress

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present paper attempts to analyse the effective role of modern emerging technologies in education and digital teaching learning process. The advent of globalisation has brought about huge changes in the traditional teaching and learning process. A new era of tech-savvy generation has come into existence due to globalisation. The world has become very unique due to new learning platforms. Internet, Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Blog chain, 3D printing, Gamification, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information Communication Technology, Virtual Classroom System, various online learning platforms have ushered in a new era which is considered a boon for the new educational system. Emerging technology of education and digital learning has ushered in a new era for academicians, students and research scholars in the new educational system. The present study reviews various platforms which are available from authentic web and apps. Any field of knowledge is considered to be the best way to establish the emerging technology learning process in education and digital teaching platform with the touch of emerging technology. The aim of the present paper is to explore the interplay between the application of digital mode of teaching and learning. It is all-inclusive.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Education, Emerging Technology, Digital Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes, causing significant economic losses in global agriculture. These obligatory parasites attack a wide range of crops, leading to the formation of characteristic galls or root-knots that disrupt nutrient and water uptake. This article reviews the biology of root- knot nematodes, their interaction with host plants, and eco-friendly management strategies that align with sustainable agriculture practices. Emphasis is placed on biological control, resistant crop varieties, and integrated nematode management approaches.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Meloidogyne, destructive, disrupt, sustainable agriculture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Because industrial effluents include large concentrations of heavy metals, it is possible that bacteria living in these environments have become resistant to these metals. The goal of the current experiment was to isolate and identify heavy metal-resistant bacteria, specifically Cu-resistant bacteria, from industrial effluent-contaminated sites in Uttar Pradesh. Bacillus cereus isolates have been isolated and described. Significant tolerance to elevated Cu dosages is shown by each isolate. The growth kinetic analysis showed that the isolates' growth rate was not significantly impacted by the presence of heavy metals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Heavy metals, Copper resistant, Bacillus cereus, Industrial effluent.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Urban planning and sustainable architecture play a crucial role in achieving eco-friendly cities by integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations into city design. Urban planning focuses on creating a structured, efficient, and adaptable layout for cities, addressing issues such as population density, transport systems, and land use, while promoting sustainable practices. Sustainable architecture, on the other hand, involves designing buildings that minimize environmental impact through energy-efficient systems, renewable resources, and eco-friendly materials. Together, urban planning and sustainable architecture contribute to eco-friendly cities by: Reducing carbon emissions through smart transportation networks, green building standards, and renewable energy sources.Enhancing green spaces and promoting biodiversity by incorporating parks, urban forests, and green roofs into city layouts. Promoting resource efficiency by encouraging recycling, water conservation, and the use of sustainable construction materials.Improving the quality of life for residents by fostering cleaner air, better public spaces, and more livable environments. These efforts help create cities that not only reduce their ecological footprint but also ensure a healthier, more resilient environment for future generations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Urban Planning, Sustainable Architecture, Eco-Friendly Cities, Environmental Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the 21st century, fostering creativity and critical thinking has become a crucial objective in education. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital tools offers innovative ways to enhance these cognitive skills, transforming traditional learning environments. This paper explores the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital tools in fostering creativity and critical thinking skills within educational settings. This study examines how AI tools, such as intelligent tutoring systems, content generation platforms, and data analytics, can facilitate personalized learning experiences that encourage divergent thinking and problem-solving. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of digital tools, including interactive simulations, collaborative platforms, and multimedia resources, on promoting critical analysis and evaluation.Ultimately, this research paper contributes to understanding how educators can leverage these technologies to cultivate a generation of learners equipped with the essential skills for navigating a rapidly changing world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI in education, digital tools, creativity, critical thinking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

creativity, critical thinking, 21 st century learning, curriculum

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Alstoniascholaris, a medicinal plant native to India and South Asia, has been widely recognized for its therapeutic applications. It exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antifertility, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. The plant is also a rich source of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenols, which contribute to its medicinal potential. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the phytochemistry, ethnobotanical significance, and pharmacological applications of A. scholaris, offering insights into its potential for further pharmacological research and therapeutic advancements.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Alstoniascholaris, Phytochemicals, Medicinal properties.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition