Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

This paper is focused on the research analyzing social issuesvoiced in the short stories in Englishwritten byIndian womenwriters. The writers analyze several concepts which include gender discrimination, caste oppression, patriarchy, social inequality, economic hardships, and conflict between modernity and tradition. This article is an attempt to review the existing research in the area of English literature andto establish the efforts of Indian English women writers inside their social literary environment.It will give a general overview of how the writings of women evolved in India--from colonial advocacy for social reform to post-independence literature based on autonomy, identity, and systemic oppression. It has a view into the convergence of tradition and modernity, the convergence of regional voices and linguistic diversity, and silently infers the expression of casteism. Stories by such great authors as IsmatChughtai, Mahasweta Devi, Kamala Das, and many more hint at personal problems and social evils that usually employed realism, symbolism, and introspection to fortify the message. These stories reflect feminine solidarity and a collective resistance to patriarchy and systemic injustice. Through comparison with global women's literature, the paper highlights the universality of issues, including identity and autonomy that reflects distinct cultural nuances of Indian women writers.It sees such stories as part of the enduring contribution to world literature as well as the tools of social critique and change.

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 Keywords

Social Consciousness, Gender discrimination, Caste oppression,Patriarchy, Economic Struggles, Feminine solidarity, Linguistic diversity, Modernity.

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India's education sector is undergoing a massive transformation, as reflected in recent developments such as the refined National Education Policy (NEP), enhanced global industry collaboration with educational institutions, and the integration of new-age technologies. This marks a pivotal moment where our shared educational histories are converging towards a future where learning becomes even more powerful, personalized, and freely accessible than ever before. As we navigate a rapidly changing world, it is crucial to reconceptualize education as a dynamic ecosystem -- one that evolves according to the needs and aspirations of learners -- rather than viewing it as a static institution. The journey towards Education 5.0 envisions the seamless integration of advanced technologies with human-centric learning approaches to revolutionize the current educational system. This shift aims to better prepare students to meet future demands and align them with global opportunities. Drawing from market trends and contemporary research, this paper provides an in- depth exploration of the principles and practices that define Education 5.0. It highlights the vital roles of agility, adaptability, and inclusivity in shaping learners who are ready to thrive in an increasingly interconnected global economy.

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 Keywords

National Education Policy, New Age Technologies, Ecosystem, Human- centric Learning, Agility, Adaptability

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The present investigation was conducted to assess the knowledge attitude and practices related to parenting skills among mothers of infants. The sample consisted 150 mothers of (birth -2 years old children irrespective of working and non- working occupational status who belonged to suburban area of Chandigarh. The objectives of the study were. (a) To assess the knowledge on parenting skills of mothers of infants. (b) To assess the attitude related to parenting skills of mothers of infants. (c) To assess the practices related to parenting skills followed by mothers of infants. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Questionnaire was developed to do Pre- test and Post-test to assess the impact of intervention programme. Mother didn't show good knowledge of parenting. Attitude of mothers towards child was controlling behavior rather training of good habbits. Mother s (75%) agreed that punishment such as slap, shout and scold are important to control child behavior. An understanding of key aspects related to parenting skills during infancy, with specific focus on essential areas such as basic needs, developmental milestones, attachment, trust, and communication. The comparative analysis between pre-test and post-test scores provides an insight into how much the participants' knowledge improved after the intervention, with statistical significance used to determine meaningful changes in learning outcomes.The findings of this study indicate that while there were slight increases in the mean scores for various dimensions of infant care practices, these changes were not statistically significant, suggesting minimal practical improvements. The mean score for basic infant care practices showed only a slight increase from 3.04 to 3.12, with a t-ratio of 0.789, implying that the overall enhancement in caregiving practices was negligible. Similarly, the post-test mean score for the characteristics of infants category increased marginally from 4.06 to 4.16, with a t-ratio of 0.928, which did not reach statistical significance.Hence, It is recommended that responsibility of the mothers of infants should be shared by providing good guidance on child care.

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 Keywords

Mothers, Infants, KAP, Intervention programme Psycho-social well being

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Education is considered as backbone of the development, enabling individuals to achieve all round growth and development. Education is a vital dimension that confers status and dignity in society. Education includes each and every experience that influences the individual and modifies behaviour. As swami Vivekananda aptly put it, Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man.

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The role of emerging technologies in education: Possibilities and Challenges

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Traditional crops, also referred to as indigenous or underutilized crops, have been central to Indian agriculture for centuries, providing essential nutrition, sustaining livelihoods, and enhancing ecological resilience. This paper explores the significance of traditional crops--such as millets, pulses, root and leafy vegetables, and fruits--in ensuring food security, promoting nutritional well-being, and supporting sustainable agriculture in India. These crops are rich sources of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals vital for human health. Millets like ragi and pearl millet, pulses such as tur and moong dal, root vegetables like sweet potatoes, and a diverse array of fruits including mango, jackfruit, and guava contribute significantly to dietary diversity and resilience against climate change. Traditional agricultural practices like mixed cropping, crop rotation, and agroforestry have further strengthened the adaptability and productivity of these crops, especially in regions with harsh growing conditions. As India faces emerging challenges of climate change, soil degradation, and nutritional deficiencies, promoting the cultivation and consumption of traditional crops offers a sustainable pathway toward achieving food security and improving public health. This paper underscores the need to revitalize traditional agricultural practices and integrate indigenous crops into modern farming systems to ensure environmental sustainability, economic viability, and enhanced nutritional outcomes.

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TRADITIONAL CROPS: THE FUTURE SMART CROPS

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Curriculum reforms are essential in modern education to equip students with skills necessary for innovation, adaptability, and problem-solving. This paper explores how curriculum changes can foster creativity, critical thinking, and entrepreneurial skills, highlighting successful global models and best practices. By examining challenges such as institutional resistance, teacher training needs, and resource limitations, the study provides recommendations for policymakers and educators. Emphasizing the role of technology, interdisciplinary learning, and experiential education, the paper argues that comprehensive curriculum reforms are key to preparing students for the evolving job market and societal demands.

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Curriculum reforms, creativity, critical thinking, entrepreneurial skills, education policy, interdisciplinary learning, digital learning, experiential education, innovation, 21st-century skills

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Data Science in governance has revolutionized public administration by improving efficiency, transparency, and decision-making. Smart governance leverages AI-driven automation, predictive analytics, and data-driven policymaking to enhance public service delivery, combat corruption, and optimize resource allocation. This paper explores the role of AI, ML, and Data Science in creating intelligent governance solutions, examining their impact on public administration, citizen engagement, and policy formulation. It also discusses challenges such as ethical concerns, data privacy, and AI bias while proposing policy recommendations to foster responsible AI-driven governance.

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Smart Governance, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Data Science, Digital Transformation, Predictive Analytics, Public Administration, Policy Decision-Making, AI Ethics, Data Privacy, AI Bias, Digital Public Services, Fraud Detection, Cybersecurity, Smart Cities, E-Governance, AI in Law Enforcement.

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India's digital transformation has accelerated through initiatives such as Digital India, Aadhaar, and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), enhancing connectivity, governance, and financial inclusion. However, this rapid digitalization has also exposed the country to significant cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and ethical dilemmas. Cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure, financial institutions, and government networks have surged, highlighting vulnerabilities in India's cybersecurity framework. Additionally, data privacy remains a major concern, especially with increased surveillance and data collection by both government and private entities. The introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 aims to regulate data governance, but its implementation and exemptions for government agencies raise concerns about privacy rights. Ethical challenges, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI), misinformation, and algorithmic bias, further complicate India's digital landscape. The spread of fake news and deepfakes through social media has influenced public opinion and election processes, necessitating stronger regulatory measures. This paper examines these cybersecurity, privacy, and ethical challenges, analyzing their implications for individuals and national security. By evaluating case studies and recent policy developments, the paper proposes recommendations to strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure, enforce data protection laws, and promote ethical AI practices to ensure a secure and responsible digital ecosystem in India.

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Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, Digital India, AI Ethics, Misinformation, Cyber Threats.

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Development of an optimized spatial analysis model for crowd density estimation focuses on important limitations of scalability, accuracy, and real-time usability. By employing CNNs and furthering optimization through lightweight architectures, attention mechanisms, and knowledge distillation, the model engages in a trade-off of accuracy for a reduced computation budget. The integrative utilization of real-world and synthetic datasets adds panache and generalizability to the model across different scenarios .Using optimization techniques such as model pruning and quantization make the model deployable in edge devices and attends to real-time surveillance applications strategized for smart cities and public safety. Besides, the use of MAE and RMSE inhibitors in the testing phase provides a general sense of the model performance and certainly shows its competitiveness with other state-of-the-art methods and we have to build a new model for crowd density estimation in real time. This research gives a baseline to future innovations in crowd density estimation and gives preference to their balance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. It validates just a few real-world applications, such as urban planning and public safety, while looking out for ethical considerations about privacy in crowd monitoring systems.

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Optimized Spatial Model for Crowd Density Estimation in Real Time

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The food industry is one of the largest energy consumers, with significant environmental and economic consequences. As the global shift toward sustainability gains momentum, solar energy presents a viable solution to meet the sector's energy demands. This article examines the potential of solar power in the food industry, focusing on its applications in production, processing, and storage. The advantages of solar energy, including cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced energy security, are explored. Ultimately, this paper emphasizes the critical role of solar energy in fostering a more sustainable and resilient food industry.

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Solar energy, Food industry, Renewable energy, Sustainability, Solar power applications, Cost efficiency, Environmental impact, Food production, Energy security, Challenges of solar energy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition