Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Visually impaired individuals often face challenges managing emails due to the limitations of traditional text-based systems. This project introduces a voice-based email management system integrated with face recognition and voice authentication, enabling secure and intuitive access for users with visual impairments. Through natural language voice commands, users can compose, read, reply, and search emails. The system also features pagination, search capabilities, and real-time auditory feedback. Designed with accessibility in mind, this solution promotes independence and inclusivity in digital communication.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voice-based email - Visually impaired users - Accessibility - Natural Language Processing (NLP) - Face recognition - Voice authentication - Email management - Assistive technology - Speech recognition - Inclusive design

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Juvenile crime remains one of the most pressing concerns in India's criminal justice and social welfare landscape. Although uniform legislation such as the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 governs how the law treats minors in conflict with the law, the societal perception and manifestation of juvenile crimes vary significantly across geographies. This paper conducts a comparative perception study of juvenile crime in small towns versus big cities, aiming to uncover the root causes of these differences in understanding and response. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, statistical data analysis, and case study evaluation, to examine how factors like socio-economic conditions, law enforcement approaches, education, and media narratives influence public perception.The paper reveals that while crime rates among juveniles are not always higher in cities, urban settings often magnify public concern due to increased media visibility and perceived anonymity of offenders. In contrast, small towns experience underreporting and strong community-based social controls that often camouflage the presence of juvenile crime. Moreover, local culture, community involvement, and institutional effectiveness significantly shape how these issues are approached in both environments. This paper proposes a set of recommendations including awareness campaigns, decentralized policy initiatives, and localized rehabilitation models to align public perception with empirical realities and promote more effective juvenile justice strategies.

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 Keywords

Juvenile crime; small towns; big cities; perception study; juvenile justice system; India; urban-rural divide; crime statistics; media influence; law enforcement; public perception; legal framework; rehabilitation; community response; youth delinquency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Costus igneus, also referred to as the "Insulin Plant," is a tropical medicinal plant with proven antidiabetic activity and common use in traditional treatment of metabolic disorders.This research sought to investigate the phytochemical composition, total phenolic content, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Costus igneus leaf extracts that were procured using methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extraction procedures. Initial screening showed the occurrence of major bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and glycosides, which have been reported to be responsible for the drug effects of the plant. Total phenolic content quantification showed the high occurrence of antioxidant components, indicating good therapeutic potential. Also, in silico analysis with SwissADME was utilized to assess pharmacokinetic properties of major phytoconstituents like quercetin, kaempferol, diosgenin, and corosolic acid. These compounds had desirable drug-likeness profiles, gastrointestinal absorption, and low cytochrome P450 inhibition, validating their potential as therapeutic compounds. The findings validate the historical claims of the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities of Costus igneus. This research fills the gap between traditional use and scientific proof, providing information for further development of standardized herbal drugs and furthering the inclusion of Costus igneus in evidence-based phytomedicine.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Costus igneus, Phytochemical screening, Antidiabetic activity, SwissADME, Bioactive compounds, Herbal medicine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This comprehensive discussion explores the complex pharmaceutical landscape, focusing on the distinct characteristics and benefits of branded and generic medicines. Branded medicines are highlighted for their innovative research, rigorous quality assurance, robust clinical evidence, and enduring patient trust. Despite generic medicines' notable cost-effectiveness, branded medicines play a vital role in advancing medical treatment and patient care, driving innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical industry. Common misconceptions about generic medicines are addressed, emphasizing their equivalence to branded medicines in quality, safety, and efficacy, as well as the stringent regulatory standards that govern their approval. The benefits of branded medicines are outlined in detail, including their innovative research and development processes, stringent quality control measures, comprehensive clinical trials, and the trust they inspire in patients. Ultimately, branded medicines offer a valuable option for patients seeking effective, safe, and reliable treatments, underscoring their importance in the pursuit of optimal healthcare outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Branded medicines, Generic medicines , Innovative research, Quality assurance ,Clinical evidence ,Patient trust, Cost-effectiveness Bioequivalence, Regulatory standards.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The enforcement of antitrust laws plays a crucial role in ensuring fair competition and economic growth. This dissertation examines the anti-competitive impacts of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in both Indian and international contexts with the aim of fostering equitable economic expansion. Through case studies, regulatory analysis, and policy recommendations, this study explores the complexities surrounding antitrust vigilance in M&A transactions and its implications for economic development (Larry Hitchcock). Anti-trust vigilance makes sure the marketplaces are working to provide the consumers with quality goods, and fair prices and to keep up the competitive marketplaces in other words, it also advises businesses to be active in competition that gets beholds by the actions of consumers. Every action that gets taken at the end of the consumer reflects on the providers and to book maximum profits, they get fumbled from what they are asked to follow. Several actions are taken by them to hinder the laws or their attempt to make anti-competitive marketplaces that are dominated by them only, to avoid all these practices, The anti-trust regulators come into play. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is responsible for all the acts under enforcing competition laws and monitoring M&A, i.e., Mergers and Acquisitions, and activities to prevent anti-competitive outcomes. The CCI focuses on all the transactions made within the sources and checks if they fall into the criteria they have made. The Competition Commission of India has got the power to review M&A transactions and intervene if something is found illegitimate. The Competition Act, of 2002, defines "appreciable adverse effect on competition" and empowers the CCI to review, approve, modify, or reject M&A transactions that may be anti-competitive (Louis Lehot, 31 October 2023). M&A, Mergers and Acquisitions, makes sense in the corporate world where Mergers refer to the combination of two or more businesses turns into a new one or We can say 50% each equity of new model made by former two different businesses where Acquisition can be defined as the taking over the whole firm by an another entity in one go. Well M&A plays a vital role in maintaining the stable state of competitive marketplaces.

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ENSURING FAIR COMPETITION: ANALYSING THE EFFECTS OF MERGERS ON MARKETS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA AND BEYOND

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 Abstract

Heat exchangers are essential equipment in a wide variety of industrial processes, and they are a central component of such industries as power generation, petrochemical and chemical processing, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The equipment enables efficient transfer of thermal energy from fluids, and it is therefore crucial to the operational efficiency and energy economy of most processes. But as the equipment operates continuously day and night over extended periods, their efficiency declines steadily. Fouling is one of the main reasons for this decline--a process in which unwanted substances such as scale, biological material, or corrosion products precipitate out of solution and accumulate on the inner surfaces of heat exchangers. The main aim of this project is to develop and implement a predictive maintenance system for heat exchangers with particular emphasis on machine learning algorithms. The system uses several machine learning approaches, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and hybrid models utilizing SVM and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithms are created to simulate and predict fouling behavior under different operating conditions effectively.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Heat Exchanger, Machine Learning, Predictive Maintenance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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High-performance liquid chromatographic, Tadalafil, Analytical technique, chromatography.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of herbal transdermal patches incorporating Cissus quadrangularis, Thespesia populnea Linn, and Mentha piperita Linn. With increasing interest in alternative and non-invasive drug delivery systems, transdermal patches offer an effective route that bypasses first-pass metabolism and enhances patient compliance. The selected herbal extracts, known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties, were subjected to phytochemical screening, confirming the presence of active constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. Patches were formulated using rice and corn starch bases and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including weight uniformity, thickness and tensile strength, The optimized formulation demonstrated satisfactory physical characteristics, effective drug release, and minimal skin irritation. This study supports the potential of herbal-based transdermal systems as a promising alternative for sustained and targeted drug delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transdermal patch, Anti-inflammatory patch, Painless drug delivery, Herbal drugs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The main cause of many skin conditions is ultraviolet (UV) light, which makes UV protection essential. Sunscreen, commonly referred to as sunblock, is a topical photoprotective substance that helps shield the skin from sunburn and prevent skin cancer. Many medical professionals recommend using sunscreen products to lessen the damage that ultraviolet radiation does to the skin. Sunscreen comes mainly as creams, lotions, gel forms; however, powders and spray forms are becoming much more popular. Sunscreens sprays are frequently less prone than lotions and mineral-based sunscreens to leave a noticeable white film on the skin. This research involves the development of moisturizing sunscreen spray containing Blue pea flower extract and essential oils in order to respond to the current demand of the consumers. The suncreeen spray was prepared by using natural ingredients as active ingredients in specific quantities. Formulation was done by incorporating aqueous phase of glycerin and ethanol into a mixture of essential oils such as carrot seed oil and pomegranate seed oil, virgin coconut oil, aloe vera gel using tween 80 as surfactant. Four formulations (F1-F4) were prepared by varying the concentration of the ingredients like carrot seed oil, pomegranate seed oil, coconut oil and aloe vera gel. Tests were conducted to evaluate the product for its organoleptic properties, SPF determination, pH, spreadability, rancidity, viscosity, irritancy and homogeneity to ensure product quality and consistency. The formulation F4 was found to be the best among the four preparations as it showed greater SPF value, moisturizing property, consistency and homogeneity. The findings suggest that the developed sunscreen spray to be a stable, safe and effective skin care product which can deliver multiple benefits. The formulation successfully meets the intended objectives like providing SPF, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, moisturizing and skin healing properties. Using a sunscreen spray that is sulphate-free, paraben- free and silicone- free, a quick and improved way of protection from UV radiation was obtained that is abundant and sustainable. Packaging design was created and a spray bottle was used for package. The formulation was shown to be stable across all parameters after a month of stability tests. Further research and clinical studies are needed to explore its efficacy and safety in larger population.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sunscreen spray, Blue pea flower extract, Essential oils, SPF, Moisturizing, UV radiation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study analyzed the Philippine Army's doctrine manual backlogs to improve its doctrine development system. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study assessed data from 2019 to 2023, identifying significant gaps, inefficiencies, and areas requiring enhancement in the doctrine development process. A structured questionnaire was administered to 110 respondents, including planners, writers, proponents, end-users, and stakeholders involved in the doctrine manual creation process. Results indicated an increasing trend in doctrine manual backlogs due to unmet yearly targets. While the tracking of backlogs was generally perceived as effective, strategies to minimize backlogs and corrective actions for individuals or units involved were viewed less positively. Additionally, clarity of yearly targets was highly rated, yet consistency in meeting these targets revealed significant dissatisfaction among respondents. The study further evaluated doctrine development programs, policies, processes, proponents, and writers, highlighting favorable perceptions regarding clarity and communication of policies, adequacy of program funding, and the qualifications and experience of doctrine proponents and writers. However, stakeholder involvement and the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms for doctrine writers received moderate ratings, indicating room for improvement. Recommendations include adopting new technologies, such as digital tracking systems, to simplify monitoring, avoid duplication of efforts, and improve the doctrine development process. Additionally, implementing easy-to-use online collaboration tools will enhance teamwork and communication among stakeholders. Establishing regular feedback through modern platforms will keep the doctrine development system efficient, current, and prepared for future advancements. This improvement is critical to the Philippine Army, as it directly enhances operational readiness and effectiveness in achieving national security goals. Furthermore, for public administration, efficient doctrine management ensures better resource utilization, accountability, and responsiveness to the public's needs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Philippine Army Doctrine Manual Backlogs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition