Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of herbal transdermal patches incorporating Cissus quadrangularis, Thespesia populnea Linn, and Mentha piperita Linn. With increasing interest in alternative and non-invasive drug delivery systems, transdermal patches offer an effective route that bypasses first-pass metabolism and enhances patient compliance. The selected herbal extracts, known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties, were subjected to phytochemical screening, confirming the presence of active constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. Patches were formulated using rice and corn starch bases and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including weight uniformity, thickness and tensile strength, The optimized formulation demonstrated satisfactory physical characteristics, effective drug release, and minimal skin irritation. This study supports the potential of herbal-based transdermal systems as a promising alternative for sustained and targeted drug delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transdermal patch, Anti-inflammatory patch, Painless drug delivery, Herbal drugs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The main cause of many skin conditions is ultraviolet (UV) light, which makes UV protection essential. Sunscreen, commonly referred to as sunblock, is a topical photoprotective substance that helps shield the skin from sunburn and prevent skin cancer. Many medical professionals recommend using sunscreen products to lessen the damage that ultraviolet radiation does to the skin. Sunscreen comes mainly as creams, lotions, gel forms; however, powders and spray forms are becoming much more popular. Sunscreens sprays are frequently less prone than lotions and mineral-based sunscreens to leave a noticeable white film on the skin. This research involves the development of moisturizing sunscreen spray containing Blue pea flower extract and essential oils in order to respond to the current demand of the consumers. The suncreeen spray was prepared by using natural ingredients as active ingredients in specific quantities. Formulation was done by incorporating aqueous phase of glycerin and ethanol into a mixture of essential oils such as carrot seed oil and pomegranate seed oil, virgin coconut oil, aloe vera gel using tween 80 as surfactant. Four formulations (F1-F4) were prepared by varying the concentration of the ingredients like carrot seed oil, pomegranate seed oil, coconut oil and aloe vera gel. Tests were conducted to evaluate the product for its organoleptic properties, SPF determination, pH, spreadability, rancidity, viscosity, irritancy and homogeneity to ensure product quality and consistency. The formulation F4 was found to be the best among the four preparations as it showed greater SPF value, moisturizing property, consistency and homogeneity. The findings suggest that the developed sunscreen spray to be a stable, safe and effective skin care product which can deliver multiple benefits. The formulation successfully meets the intended objectives like providing SPF, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, moisturizing and skin healing properties. Using a sunscreen spray that is sulphate-free, paraben- free and silicone- free, a quick and improved way of protection from UV radiation was obtained that is abundant and sustainable. Packaging design was created and a spray bottle was used for package. The formulation was shown to be stable across all parameters after a month of stability tests. Further research and clinical studies are needed to explore its efficacy and safety in larger population.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sunscreen spray, Blue pea flower extract, Essential oils, SPF, Moisturizing, UV radiation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study analyzed the Philippine Army's doctrine manual backlogs to improve its doctrine development system. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study assessed data from 2019 to 2023, identifying significant gaps, inefficiencies, and areas requiring enhancement in the doctrine development process. A structured questionnaire was administered to 110 respondents, including planners, writers, proponents, end-users, and stakeholders involved in the doctrine manual creation process. Results indicated an increasing trend in doctrine manual backlogs due to unmet yearly targets. While the tracking of backlogs was generally perceived as effective, strategies to minimize backlogs and corrective actions for individuals or units involved were viewed less positively. Additionally, clarity of yearly targets was highly rated, yet consistency in meeting these targets revealed significant dissatisfaction among respondents. The study further evaluated doctrine development programs, policies, processes, proponents, and writers, highlighting favorable perceptions regarding clarity and communication of policies, adequacy of program funding, and the qualifications and experience of doctrine proponents and writers. However, stakeholder involvement and the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms for doctrine writers received moderate ratings, indicating room for improvement. Recommendations include adopting new technologies, such as digital tracking systems, to simplify monitoring, avoid duplication of efforts, and improve the doctrine development process. Additionally, implementing easy-to-use online collaboration tools will enhance teamwork and communication among stakeholders. Establishing regular feedback through modern platforms will keep the doctrine development system efficient, current, and prepared for future advancements. This improvement is critical to the Philippine Army, as it directly enhances operational readiness and effectiveness in achieving national security goals. Furthermore, for public administration, efficient doctrine management ensures better resource utilization, accountability, and responsiveness to the public's needs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Philippine Army Doctrine Manual Backlogs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Om Shri Ganeshaya Namaha!!! The laws of Hinduism include dharma and karma. Dharma refers to righteous living and karma refers to a person's words, thoughts and deeds creating their destiny. Dharma comes in four different forms with the first being the universal law. This refers to the laws of physics regulating the forces of nature. Social dharma means that everyone has occupations, duties and responsibilities they must fill. This is an element of moral and religious law. Human law looks at the stages of life and the evolution and natural expression of the mind, feelings, body and soul throughout the stages. Self-dharma is the path a person takes and everything that represents this path. While the book may be placed in the hands of the boys for their own study, it is intended to be simplified by the oral explanations of Everyone, and each chapter serves as an outline on which one or more lessons may be based. They will thus acquire a useful store of sacred authorities on their religion. It has become somewhat of a sectarian name in some parts of Nepal and India, but it is here taken only as meaning the eternal religion. This book may prove useful in laying a firm foundation of right thinking in the minds of Hindu youths, and may help in shaping them in to pious, moral, loyal and useful citizens of their mother-land and of the empire. Apart from that, Due to lack of knowledge about Sanatan Hindu Dharma the Hindu youths are becoming Atheist in larger scale. Britishers ruled over India about 200 years and In India Thomas Babington Macaulay is fully credited with the official introduction of English education all over the India and Britishers banned over Sanskrit education and they shut down all Gurukuls. Hindu was in Majority therefore Britishers closed gurukuls in order to break down the unity of hindus and then divided all hindus in casteism for divide and rule policy. When Macaulay studies came in to existence and all Gurukuls was officially banned and destroyed in India, as a result Hindus did not know about the reality of Sanatan Hindu Dharma because Hindus cut off from their roots of Sanatan Hindu Dharma or we can say Macaulay studies kept Hindus far away from their roots of Sanatana Hindu Dharma.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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SANATAN VEDIC DHARMA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Augmented Reality, AR navigation, Mapbox

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reproductive health is a crucial part of general health and a central feature of human development. Reproductive health deals with their productive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. It is being flection of health during childhood, and crucial during adolescence and adulthood, sets the stage for health beyond the reproductive years for both women and men, and affects the health of the next generation. Reproductive health is a universal concern, but is of special importance for women particularly during the reproductive years. A Quantitative research approach was adopted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girls in selected schools at Bangalore. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: o To assess the level of knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pad usage among high school girls before & after the structured teaching programme. o To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girls. o To determine the association between the level of pretest knowledge on healthy practices of sanitary pads usage & selected demographic variables HYPOTHESIS:- H1-There is statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge scores among high school girls regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads. H2-Thereissignificantassociationbetweenthelevels of knowledge of high school girls regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage with selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY The researcher has followed Quasi- experimental design, one group pre- test& post -test design with Evaluative approach to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girls in selected schools at Bangalore. Convenient sampling technique was used to assess the knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girl to select the subjects. The sample included 80 high school girls. Data was collected through structured knowledge questionnaire by administering the questionnaire to the samples. After the pre-test, structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage was administered on the same day to the participants. On seventh day post-test was given using the same questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme Collected data was analysed by using description and inferential statistics. RESULTS The study found that in the overall pre-test knowledge score among high school girls majority 56(70.0%) of the high school girls had inadequate knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage, 24(30.0%) had moderate knowledge and none had adequate knowledge. After administration of structured teaching programme whereas in the overall post- test knowledge score, none of the high school girls had inadequate knowledge, 22(27.5%) had Moderate knowledge and 58(72.5%) of the high school girls had adequate knowledge The overall mean knowledge level obtained by the high school girls following administration of structured teaching programme was24.24inpost-testwhichwas found to behig her than the overall mean knowledge level 13.56 in the pre-test. The statistical test indicated that structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage. The mean enhancement between pre-test and post-test was10.68and the obtained paired't' value was 37.03. It was found to be statistically significant at the level of P<0.05. There is a statistically significant association between post-test knowledge and selected variables with Age group Educational level Type of family Occupation of Mother Number of Siblings Hence H2was accepted. However, there was no significant association between post-test knowledge and religion, family income, education of father education of mother and source of information. Hence, stated hypothesis H2 is rejected above selected variables. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The study findings revealed that the majority of the high school girls gained knowledge after structured teaching programme. Hypothesis H1is accepted and hypothesis H2 is accepted Age Group Educational level Type of family Occupation of Mother Number of Siblings but religion, family income, education of father education of mother and source of information was rejected. Thus, the study showed that the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage was effective in improving the knowledge of high school girls. The findings of the study recommended the further interventional approaches regarding the healthy practice of sanitary pads usage among high school girls. Self-learning and m education regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage creates awareness. The present study proved that Structured Teaching Programme was effective among high school girls on healthy practices of sanitary pads.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Knowledge, sanitary pads, healthy practices high school girls.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition