Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Essential for life, proteins serve many purposes inside different organisms. But environmental factors sometimes provide major obstacles that affect protein solubility and structure. In response to such environmental challenges as temperature fluctuations, dehydration, and excessive salt or urea concentrations, cells gather tiny molecules known as osmolytes to assist proteins. This review is mostly about how these osmolytes change the stability and solubility of proteins by interacting with specific parts of proteins, like the backbone and side chains of amino acids. We investigate the thermodynamic ideas guiding these interactions, with particular attention to the idea of free energy transfer. Grounded in biophysical chemistry, the review assesses the predictive potential of the transfer model by analyzing protein transitions between folded (native) and unfolded (denatured). This method allows for the prediction of m-values, which are experimental measurements that gauge the effects of osmolytes on protein stability. Proteins tend to fold when urea interacts positively with their backbones. On the other hand, stabilizing osmolytes often interact negatively with protein backbones, which also moves proteins towards a folded state. While improving solubility, moderate stabilizers such as glycerol and proline maintain equilibrium with the fewest alterations to protein stability. This review generalizes the mechanism overview between osmolytes and Proteins.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

osmolyte, folding, protein stability, m-value, solubility, urea

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Madhyamik star par adhyapanrat shikshako ki digital shikshan kshamta: avashayakta, chunautiyan aur sambhavna

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Madhyamik star par adhyapanrat shikshako ki digital shikshan kshamta: avashayakta, chunautiyan aur sambhavna

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The significant increase in fish production through aquaculture has been overshadowed by challenges related to bacterial infections, especially those caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Traditional antibiotics have shown decreasing effectiveness due to rising resistance, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. This research investigates bacteriophage therapy as a potential solution to control P. fluorescens in freshwater aquaculture. Bacteriophages offer several advantages over antibiotics, including their species specificity, self-replicating nature, and minimal environmental impact. The study involved isolating, characterizing, and testing the efficacy of bacteriophages from environmental samples against P. fluorescens in Labeorohita culture. This short review confirms the effectiveness of bacteriophages under various physicochemical conditions, highlighting their potential to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture. The findings underscore bacteriophages' role in ensuring sustainable aquaculture practices and mitigating the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pseudomonas fluorescens, bacteriophage therapy, aquaculture, antibiotic resistance, environmental impact, Labeorohita, pathogen control.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Medical science has undergone unprecedented advancements in recent years, significantly improving disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Innovations in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine have revolutionized healthcare, offering new possibilities for patient care. Gene-editing technologies like CRISPR have enabled precise genetic modifications, paving the way for the treatment of hereditary diseases. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enhanced diagnostic accuracy, enabling early detection of conditions such as cancer and neurological disorders. Additionally, big data analytics have improved predictive healthcare, allowing for more effective disease management and outbreak prevention. Regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, has shown promising results in treating degenerative diseases and organ failure. The advent of nanotechnology has led to improved drug delivery systems, minimizing side effects and increasing treatment efficiency. Robotics has enhanced surgical precision, reduced recovery times and improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, the rapid development of mRNA vaccines and targeted therapies has revolutionized responses to emerging infectious diseases, demonstrating the potential for accelerated vaccine development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Advancements in Medical Science

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Education plays a critical role in shaping the economic and social trajectory of a nation. In India, with its vast and diverse demographic landscape, the transformation of the education sector is essential to equip students with the skills required for the 21st century. This paper delves into the evolving educational ecosystem in India, highlighting key innovations, challenges, and opportunities that define its progress. The study examines recent policy reforms, such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes multidisciplinary learning, early childhood education, and a shift towards competency-based assessments. Additionally, it explores the integration of technology in education, including the adoption of digital learning platforms, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven personalized learning, and the role of EdTech startups in bridging learning gaps.Despite these advancements, several challenges hinder effective educational transformation. These include infrastructural deficiencies, digital divide issues, the need for teacher training, and the disparity in access to quality education between urban and rural regions. The paper discusses potential solutions, such as public-private partnerships, government initiatives, and community-driven educational programs, to address these barriers. Furthermore, the study identifies opportunities for India to leverage global best practices in education. By analyzing successful education models from countries like Finland, Singapore, and the United States, the paper evaluates their applicability to the Indian context. Emphasis is placed on vocational education, lifelong learning, and skill- based training to ensure a workforce that is prepared for emerging industries, including artificial intelligence, robotics, and the gig economy. Ultimately, this paper underscores the need for a holistic, inclusive, and innovation-driven approach to education reform in India. By fostering a synergy between policy, technology, and skill development, India can create a resilient and future-ready education system that empowers students and enhances national competitiveness on a global scale.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

policy reforms , innovations, challenges, and opportunities,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The foundation of a country's progress is its educational system. Education will be a big catalyst for driving India's growth and development in the Amrit Kaal. Knowledge, wisdom, creativity, motivation and encouragement are prerequisites for a successful education system. As the fifth-largest economy poised to be the third-largest in the next two years, India is ready to make strategic technological, infrastructure, and education advancements. The nation's diverse and skilled workforce, nurtured by world- class educational institutions, will boost innovation and productivity. Efforts must be made to bridge the gap in existing knowledge regarding the contemporary importance of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary studies. India will commemorate its 100 years of independence in 2047. We need to envision an educational system that gives all Indians a sense of independence, fosters inclusive development, and equips them for the opportunities and challenges of the twenty-first century. To ascertain how each aspect of education plays a role in the creation of a vibrant and empowered India by 2047, a thorough analysis of Vocational Education and Skills, Integration of Technology, Digital Infrastructure, Tech-enabled Learning, Digital Literacy and Inclusion, Responsible Use of Technology, Teacher Training and Support etc. are key components. In addition to receiving formal or vocational education, we also need to acquire additional abilities in order to successfully achieve the objectives of Vikasit Bharat. Communication, Emotional Intelligence, Problem solving, Creativity, Collaboration, Active Learning and Learning attitude, Curiosity, Decision making, Interpersonal skills, Time management, Logical reasoning, digital Literacy, Leadership, Creativity, Analytics, Leading by influence, Cognition etc are the future skill requirement in students. The carrier development now a days is much more than the just passing a degree or taking practical experience but needs to adapt lot of essential qualities and dynamic changes in the world. The Viksit Bharat Vision 2047 will be achieved only when every stake holder will align themselves in line with this

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Role of education in shaping Viksit Bharat

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the integration of Techno-Pedagogic Content Knowledge (TPACK) within the Integrated Teacher Education Program (ITEP), a key initiative under India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The paper emphasizes TPACK's vital role in shaping future-ready educators who can effectively merge 'content knowledge' (CK), 'pedagogical knowledge' (PK) & 'technological knowledge' (TK) to improve teaching practices in technology-driven environments. It highlights how the TPACK framework aligns with the objectives of ITEP by preparing teachers to foster inclusive, adaptive, and engaging learning experiences for diverse student populations. The paper delves into the challenges of TPACK implementation, such as infrastructural deficits and digital literacy gaps, while proposing strategies like curriculum integration, hands-on training, and institutional support to promote TPACK development in teacher education. By embedding TPACK into ITEP, the program aims to produce educators who are proficient in technology use, reflective in practice, and capable of preparing pupils for the requirement of the 21st-century digital landscape. The paper concludes by calling for continuous research, global collaboration, and policy support to ensure the successful incorporation of TPACK in Indian teacher education programs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Techno-Pedagogic Content Knowledge (TPACK), Integrated Teacher Education Program (ITEP), Educational Technology, Digital Literacy, 21st-Century Skills, Inclusive Education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is a developing country which is making progress day by day. There are so manypracticesin our society that do not exist anymore. One thing that still exists and is very common in India is Discrimination. There is no field left where there is no discrimination. Discrimination starts right from birth based on the caste you are born with till the social status you are dying with. For a time, one can change this discrimination by working on it, but there is a discrimination that is impossible to change and hard to survive with whole life is Disability. There is probably no society in which disabled people are not discriminated. Our society has so many prejudices, even for normal people,so what can we say about disabled people?Disabled people become the prime target of discriminatory practices and prejudiced attitudes of people. As a society, we are getting inspired and becoming open-minded as we are watching the achievements of such people despite them having so many difficulties in their life, but still there is a bunch of people who want to live in the bubble of prejudices and rigidness. Many people don't even know about disability, its causes, and the ways they can help such people. In this article, the author has tried to clear misunderstandings about the concept of disability. Additionally, this article describes the challenges disabled people face in their lives and how these people can be helped and supported to live a normal life.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disability, Handicapped, impairments, Causes, challenges, Diseases,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The digital age has catalyzed profound transformations in higher education, particularly in the shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning paradigms. Central to this evolution is the integration of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, learning management systems, and mobile platforms. This paper explores how the synergy between higher education and emerging technologies enables more personalized, participatory, and flexible learning experiences. It critically examines the pedagogical foundations of student-centered learning, the impact of various technological tools, and the challenges institutions face in achieving meaningful technology integration. Drawing on global case studies and current research, the paper concludes with strategic recommendations for fostering sustainable, equitable, and learner-driven educational ecosystems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Higher Education, Innovative Technologies, Student-Centered Learning, Personalized Learning, Digital Pedagogy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Education is considered the cornerstone of progress and development, vital for both individual and societal growth.One of the first steps towards transforming India into Viksit Bharat is reforming and completely overhauling the Indian education system.Fostering critical thinkings should one of the foremost priorities while designing the new curriculum appropriate for Viksit Bharat. Critical thinking skills require higher order thinking skills wherein an individual is expected to observe, assess and make informed decisions. Development of critical thinking skills are vital for an individual's growth as well as national development.Curricular reforms are pivotal to ushering in an era of educational practices focussed on conceptual clarity which encourages learners to hone their analytical and problem-solving skills and apply the acquired knowledge in real life situations.NEP 2020 is a huge step in this direction, with many more steps to be taken. A paradigm shift from rote learning to active learning, promoting discussion, debate and collaborative problem solving, encouraging case studies, project based learning, experiential learning, brainstorming, anticipatory thinking activities, crosswords and puzzles, riddles, decision making based mental exercises, focussing on self-reflection and implementing new innovative assessment methods are some measures that ought to be incorporated as part of curricular reforms to make the education system more holistic and progressive. This integration of real world-based learning activities into the learner curriculum will definitely help foster critical thinking skills among the learners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Curricular reforms, Viksit Bharat 2047, critical thinking skills Curricular Reforms for Viksit Bharat 2047: Fostering Critical Thinking Skills

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition