Volume 8 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The state of Jammu and Kashmir is unique in its locational personality which coupled with geopolitical and georeligeous status makes it a �Geostrategic Hotspot�. Before the partition of the Indian subcontinent, it was the largest princely state and was often mentioned as �Switzerland of Asia� or the �Playground of East�. This beautiful land attracted the people of all regions. However, it was the locational glamour of this land, due to which both India and Pakistan started to play geostrategic maneuvering for territorial possession. This paper traces the locational importance of Jammu and Kashmir in some classical global geostrategic views and also specific views of individuals and nations which are directly related to Jammu and Kashmir. It is finally inferred that it is the locational personality of Jammu and Kashmir that has caused geostrategic tension in the region due to which the innocent, nature-loving people of Jammu and Kashmir have been trapped in global power politics.

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 Keywords

Locational personality, geostrategic hotspot, Jammu and Kashmir, geopolitical

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In present scenario a Solar Hybrid Bicycle system will help to solve the major problems of fuel and pollution. There is no doubt that the emission of carbon-dioxide from an automobile exhaust is a concern for the increasing rate of global warming. The fuel prices in India and around the world is increasing day by day thus there is a tremendous need to search for an alternative to conserve these natural resources. Promoting use of hybrid vehicles can reduce CO2 emission and the fuel costs. Thus a solar bicycle is an electric vehicle which provides alternative by utilising solar energy to charge the battery and thus provide required voltage to run the motor. India is blessed with nine months of sunny climate thus concept of solar bicycle will be very useful in India. So we have built a Hybrid bicycle which combines the use of solar energy as well as the dynamo that runs through pedal to charge the battery to run the bicycle. The bicycle has the most feasible solar/electric power generation system mounted on the backside of bicycle to capture the sun rays to charge the battery during all durations. When there is no presence of sun, the bicycle work on the battery. For controlling speed of the motor, an accelerator is given which controls the supply. This technique reduces the running cost and increases the running efficiency. The speed of this Solar Hybrid Bicycle goes up to 25-30 km/hr carrying a load of a person of average weight. Thus solar hybrid bicycle can become a cheap alternative against the use of automobile and thus its manufacturing is essential.

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 Keywords

Solar, Bicycles, hub motor.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Need for automation has become the utmost priority in modern industries which in turn reduces the rate of rejection and increase the production.TIDC (Tube India Dimensional chain) is a classic example of modern industry which manufactures drive and CAM chains for Indian manufactured motor cycles (for HERO, BAJAJ, ROYALENFIELD etc). Four basic components are involved in assembling these chains and they are inner/outer plate, bush, pin, roller. A pitch cutting machine is used to get a required length/pitch of the manufactured chain where the continuous chain is cut into a required pitch based on the model of the chain. During the operation the outer plate at the cutting zone is de-riveted and the separated. The above mentioned process is done by the integration machine. The next operation is loading the chain into the end riveting machine done by the operator. As the transfer of the chain into end riveting machine is done manually with the help of the operator. Here the organization is facing problem like improper loading of the chain which results in rejection, irregularity in the attendance of the operator which cut downs the production, regular injuries caused to the operators during loading the chain. To eliminate such issues the organization has approached our company to automate the loading of the chain into end riveting machine. The aim of this project is to design and develop a model where automatically the transfer of the chain from integration machine to end riveting machine without human involvement.

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 Keywords

AUTOMATION, CAM CHAIN, RIVETING MACHINE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Meghamalai, popularly called High Wavy Mountains, is a cool and misty mountain range situated in the Western Ghats of Theni district, Tamilnadu, South India upholds biodiversity. It is a place of natural beauty dotted with cardamom plantations and tea estates up to an elevation of 1,500 m above sea level. The Sanctuary is also an excellent buffer sustaining the Periyar Tiger Reserve and Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary of the southern Western Ghats. The places, Upper Manalaru, Maharaja mettu and Iravangalaru are fringed by forests with rich flora and fauna. This study presents the first comprehensive inventory of species composition and diversity of insects of the Sanctuary. Intensive studies were carried on the plant - insect interaction with the 108 focal tree species during the flowering phenology. Observations on pollination were made from a spot, about 10 � 20m away from the focal plant using a pair of binoculars. The hierarchies in insect order in percentage are Lepidopteran (50%), Coleopteran (23%), Hymenopteran (17%), Hemipteran (7%) and Dipteran (3%). A variety of Lepidopteran species as observed have half the percentage of the total number of insect visits. Their interactions are higher than the other insect orders. Among the insect visitors, the order Hymenopteran dominates the others in number and population.

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 Keywords

Meghamalai, Insects, Diversity, species composition, pollination

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Triple Talaq is a form of marriage dissolution under Muslim law where Muslim husband pronounce three-time word Talaq, Talaq and Talaq in one sentence even wife presence is also not required and no validity services given by husband. Talaq means repudiation of marriage by husband under Muslim law. Triple Talaq is 1400 years old practice many Muslim countries abolished this evil practice. The Supreme Court in a Landmark verdict on 22nd August 2017 criminalised triple Talaq in case of Shayara bano v Union of India in the year of 2017 in his landmark judgement. Supreme Court stated that triple talaq as with in purview of protection of the Constitution under Article 14 Right to Equality, Article 15 equal protection of right, Article 21 of constitution of India. Right of the triple Talaq is not fundamental principle of Islamic jurisprudence. Government of India have taken historical step to improve life of Muslim Women by providing equal status in the pritchel society of Muslim Men.

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 Keywords

Muslim divorce, Triple talaq,Repudiation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Search engines act as a vital role in information retrieval and knowledge discovery. Due to the huge amount of data on web and social sites it is a challenging task to find suitable information as requested by user efficiently even by using search engines. Also, the above frameworks specified will gather large amount of information, which could be helpful for end users in different manners yet would have neglected the original meaning, henceforth showing irrelevant results. In Order to reduce those problems, topic modelling plays a vital role in filtering data to improve efficiency in information retrieval. Topic modelling is an unsupervised machine-learning model which is one of the important tools for information retrieval as it plays a vital role in clustering the documents. In this modelling technique each document represents a set of / collection of bags of words and labelling appropriate word distributions to the defined topic is a challenging task. Traditional topic model such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation, which is a model that predicts topic space in a document using Dirichlet Distribution. The major drawbacks of LDA are that the topics are fixed and must be known before the time of running the model, Dirichlet topic distribution cannot capture correlations, etc. To overcome these problems, the model used Correlated Topic Modelling (CTM) to find the correlation between words and phrases, to speed up the processing and to increase the scalability. Correlated Topic Model (CTM) helps in finding the correlation between the hidden topics in the collection, and enables the construction of graphs that are related to topics collected and document that allow a user to go through the collection of topics in a standard manner. In this paper experimental results show that how CTM plays a important role than LDA in extraction of accurate information, and to enhance the optimization of the search query on a smaller scale and demonstrate its use as an major tool for large document collections.

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 Keywords

Topic Modelling, Clustering, Correlation, Latent Dirichlet Distribution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

Hindi, Bhasha, Tribhasha, Kshetriya Bhasha, Media

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is the category of controlled drug delivery system is sub-categories in which drug is delivered through the skin in a predetermined and controlled rate. Nowadays hypertension is one of the most common disorders as found in humans. It is not a disease in itself but is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The present article delivers a brief view of the work that has been done to increase the bioavailability of various antihypertensive drugs by formulated and delivered as transdermal patches. The different drugs include carvedilol, metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, nicardipine hydrochloride, clonidine, nicorandil, amlodipine. These drugs were penetrating through the various penetration routes into the skin, like appendageal, epidermal, transcellular, intracellular.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Antihypertension, transdermal, TDDS, NC-HCL, skin, hydrophilic polymer matrix, HPLC

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study is focused on the combined use of Inquiry based & Reflective pedagogical approaches in complex theoretical lectures in Architecture to gain maximum learning outcome of the learners as Inquiry based Teaching is an excellent path for achieving a goal based partly on the philosophy that �Humans are born Inquirers,� the method focuses on student discovery over pushing information from the instructor. Along the way, the students explore multiple sources and contexts, ask questions and pursue hypotheses, and work to apply their theories to new and diverse situations. In doing this, they actively discover the interrelatedness among concepts, topics, and theories. Inquiry-based approaches are intended to foster critical thinking. By supporting students in their initial Conceptual explorations, more in-depth analyses, and synthesizing processes, these pedagogies deepen the students learning. The next and extreme step of inquiry based teaching leads to Reflective Teaching where self-analysis and evaluation play a very important role. The study will be following empirical approach and will incorporate only direct or indirect overview over Inquiry Based & Reflective Teaching Approach towards the students of B.Arch 1st Year and the focus will be on the complex theoretical classes; the concepts of which in Architecture students find quite inconvenient to understand.

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 Keywords

Active Learning; Architectural Education; Conceptual; Facilitator ; Inquiry-Based Teaching; Pedagogy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Operation research is a branch of mathematics whereas Transportation problem is sub-branch of operation research. Transportation Problem can be solved by many methods such as North West Corner Rule (NWC), Least Cost Method (LCM), and Vogel�s Approximation Method (VAM) etc. In this paper we are discussing Least Cost Method for unbalanced transportation problem and way of allocations to dummy row/column. We have made a few modifications in our proposed algorithm which gives minimum cost or nearer to optimal cost.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transportation Problem, LCM, VAM, unbalanced transportation problem, Feasible Solution, Optimal Solution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition