Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Abstract Mahatma Gandhi called Sri Lanka the 'daughter state' of India, promoting unity and sovereignty. India's foreign policy under Modi focuses on 'neighbourhood first' cooperation. Post-civil war, relations improved and India provided financial and humanitarian aid during economic crises. India's 'Neighbourhood First' foreign policy aims to strengthen relations with Sri Lanka despite the post-civil war deterioration. Post-Covid, India has demonstrated its commitment to its maritime neighbor by providing aid, signing cooperation agreements and embarking on official visits. The NDA government of India, led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Narendra Modi, has implemented development policies and promoted initiatives in Sri Lanka from 2014 to 2024.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords . 'neighbourhood first' , Post-COVID, the economic crisis , promoted initiatives .

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"DeepScan Pro" is an advanced system designed to detect deepfake media, including images, videos, and audio, using state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning algorithms. It analyzes subtle inconsistencies in media content by leveraging neural networks trained on real and deepfake datasets. The system adopts a multi-modal approach, allowing it to detect anomalies in images, videos, and audio by examining spatial features, motion patterns, and waveform inconsistencies. By incorporating advanced preprocessing techniques such as feature extraction, frame analysis, and spectral analysis, it ensures high accuracy and efficiency in deepfake detection. As the misuse of deepfake technology continues to pose significant risks in areas like cybersecurity, media integrity, and public trust, "DeepScan Pro" serves as a crucial defense mechanism. It has demonstrated high effectiveness in preliminary tests across diverse datasets, showcasing its ability to identify manipulated content with precision. The system's real-time processing capabilities make it highly adaptable for applications in digital forensics, media verification, and law enforcement. Designed for scalability, "DeepScan Pro" integrates an intuitive user-friendly interface, ensuring accessibility for users across various industries, including journalism, government agencies, and financial institutions. As deepfake technology evolves, the system continually updates its models with new data and emerging detection techniques to stay ahead of sophisticated manipulation methods. With its robust architecture, real-time analysis, and continual improvement, "DeepScan Pro" establishes itself as a powerful tool in the fight against deepfake deception, safeguarding the authenticity of digital media.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deepfake Detection, Deep Learning, Media integrity, Media Verification, Digital forensics, Public trust

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

International patent system exists to encourage innovation by providing innovators with temporary monopolies for making money off their inventions. Its efficiency, fairness, and responsiveness to the public interest, however, become more controversial every day. This paper looks at the global patent system through the optics of efficiency (does it work well to spur innovation?), equity (is it fair to both developed and developing countries and all stakeholders?), and how international patent agreements such as the TRIPS Agreement influence effects. Although the system promotes technological advancement in some areas, it serves to benefit rich countries and companies, exclude developing nations, and limit access to critical items such as drugs. There must be reforms to reconcile innovation incentives with public interest and international equity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Trademark, Patent, Licensing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death in aquatic environments. This paper presents an IoT-based drowning detection system using ESP8266. It continuously monitors physiological and environmental parameters including heart rate, body motion, and submersion status. Using multiple sensors and real-time data analysis, the system can detect potential drowning scenarios and alert rescuers via mobile notification using Blynk IoT platform. The prototype aims to bridge the gap between traditional monitoring methods and advanced safety technology to reduce drowning-related fatalities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drowning Detection, Esp8266, Internet Of Things(IOT), Smart Life Jacket, Heartbeat Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Water Sensor, Blynk IOT Platform, Real-Time Monitoring, Wearable Safety Device.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Guppies exhibit breeding behaviour throughout the entire year, with the exception of the winter months, specifically December and January, while demonstrating a peak breeding period in July. The duration of the gestation period varied between 25 and 35 days, It was observed that the caudal region emerges first during the process of parturition. The quantity of fry produced per brood varied between 12 and 60. Newly hatched fries were documented as exhibiting either a transparent or dark pigmentation, characterized by an elongated morphology with developed jaws at the oral region, and demonstrated full capabilities for locomotion, ingestion, and evasion of threats. The guppy exhibited rapid growth, achieving sexual maturity within a period of 8 to 10 weeks and reaching its maximum size within 6 months.(PETERS, 1859) The experimental investigations were undertaken in the Curzon Hall precinct of the Dhaka University campus. A total of 40 specimens of fish were procured from the Kataban fish market as well as various drainage systems within the Curzon Hall vicinity and subsequently transferred to designated rearing aquaria. (PETERS, 1859) Males were readily identifiable due to the presence of a modified anal fin that manifests as a gonopodium, whereas females exhibited a less vibrant body coloration accompanied by a distended abdomen. Each aquarium was designed to contain a volume of 8-10 liters of water. Manual water changes were performed bi-daily in theafternoon, specifically when the therml conditions of the aquatic environment within the aquaarium approximated that of the municipal tap water. The guppy species demonstrates a preference for hard water and is capable of tolerating salinity levels of up to one ppt. Consequently, a half tablespoon (8g) of salt was systematically dissolved in 20 liters of water during each water change. The broods were provided with a diet consisting of bloodworms, belonging to the genus Chironomus along with larvae of mosquitoes, and commercially available pellet feed, administered bi-daily in the mornings and afternoons. The diameter of the eggs was meticulously measured to estimate fecundity. Twelve ripe females of Poecilia reticulata were randomly selected, and fecundity was assessed by enumerating the ova and the various stages of embryonic development through dissection of the abdominal region of the pregnant female specimens. The ontogenetic phase of the embryos present in the pregnant females was examined through dissection of the abdomen of the gravid females.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keyword: Guppy fish, Aquarium maintning, fry feeding, Aquarium maintain

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper demonstrates a speech recognition system for isolated spoken digits (0-9) based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), demonstrating an end-to-end pipeline covering feature extraction, training, and testing. Raw speech signals are analyzed to obtain cepstral coefficients, which are subsequently vector quantized to generate observation sequences. Each digit is represented by an individual HMM trained with the Forward-Backward algorithm, Viterbi decoding, and iterative Baum-Welch re-estimation. In testing, the system predicts unseen speech samples by calculating the likelihood of observation sequences with respect to trained models and predicting the digit of highest likelihood. With high accuracy, the system shows the efficiency of statistical modeling in speech recognition and its promise for real-world use.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Speech Recognition, Machine Learning, Hidden Markov Models, Feature Extraction, Viterbi Algorithm, Baum-Welch Algorithm

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

For patient safety, timely medicine ingestion and drug authenticity are essential, especially in areas where fake medications are common. In order to automate medicine verification and reminder scheduling, this study introduces a clever, AI-driven medication management system that combines computer vision and optical character recognition (OCR). The method makes use of EasyOCR for text recognition and the YOLOv5 object detection model for precise medication name extraction from packaging. Using official documents from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), the retrieved medicinal data is validated through the Gemini API and cross-referenced with a validated pharmaceutical dataset. The system retrieves pertinent drug information, such as uses, adverse effects, and safety warnings, after authentication. Users can set up medicine notifications with timing, frequency, and food-intake preferences using a configurable reminder module. To guarantee adherence, prompt reminders are given by email or SMS. Additionally, the system integrates real-time geolocation services using the Google Maps API, enabling users to locate nearby pharmacies for quick and safe access to verified medications. By lowering the possibility of consuming fake medications and increasing medication compliance with clever reminders, this method improves patient safety.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drug Authentication, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), YOLOv5, Healthcare Automation, Medicine Reminder System, CDSCO Verification.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Adhatoda vasica Nees also known as "Justicia Adhatoda L., vasaka, adosa, Malabar nut tree" belongs to the family of Acanthaceae is considered the most significant plant in the world. This plant has been used in the indigenous medicinal system of India for more than 2000 years. Vasicine is the main chemical constituent present in this plant which possess various medicinal properties like antispasmodic, sedative, expectorant, antitussive, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, antiasthma, wound healing, abortifacient and anti-pyorrhea. Objective: The main objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial properties herbal ointment from the local medicinal plants. Methods: The extract was obtained by the decoction method. Simple ointment IP was use as ointment base for the dispersion of the plant extract. The ointment was formulated and evaluated using standard parameters. The antimicrobial activity of the extract in different concentration were investigated by using one gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) through disc-diffusion method. Results: The antimicrobial potential of the formulated ointment was studied. The ointment also showed significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested organism. This activity was maintained when the extract was incorporated into the ointment base. Conclusion: In future, the extract can be used for the commercial production of Adhatoda vasica ointment. Similarly, this ointment can be tested for skin related bacterial infection.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Adhatoda vasica; decoction; anti-microbial; disc-diffusion method; irritancy; spreadability; stability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness training in reducing social anxiety among adolescent girls in selected high schools. The specific objectives are: 1. To determine the prevalence of social anxiety among adolescent girls. 2. To compare pre-test and post-test levels of social anxiety in study and control groups. 3. To assess the effectiveness of assertiveness training in reducing social anxiety among adolescent girls in the study group. Methodology: This study employed a quantitative evaluative approach, utilizing a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test framework. This design allowed for the assessment of the effectiveness of assertiveness training on social anxiety among adolescent girls. Results: The prevalence of social anxiety among adolescent females within the experimental cohort indicated that 30 (54%) participants exhibited symptoms of social anxiety. In contrast, the control group revealed that 30 (46%) adolescent females also presented with social anxiety. Following the post-assessment, it was determined that within the experimental group, 110 (72.37%) participants reported the absence of social anxiety, 26 (17.1%) exhibited mild social anxiety, 12 (7.9%) experienced moderate social anxiety, and 4 (2.63%) displayed severe social anxiety. Conversely, in the control group, 99 (61.87%) reported mild social anxiety, 39 (24.37%) experienced moderate social anxiety, 17 (10.63%) indicated severe social anxiety, and 5 (3.13%) exhibited very severe social anxiety. With regard to the pre-test and post-test levels of social anxiety among adolescent females, the mean score reflecting the level of social anxiety in the experimental group was recorded at 63.49 during the pre-test and subsequently decreased to 58.11 in the post-test. The calculated paired 't' value was found to be 16.405*, which holds statistical significance at p<0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that social anxiety is a significant issue among adolescent girls, particularly after the age of 12, with many developing social anxiety during this critical period of adolescence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Effectiveness, Assertiveness training, Social anxiety, Adolescent girls, High schools

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Enhancing the Power of Computer Vision through Data Science" offers a comprehensive exploration of how the fusion of these two cutting-edge fields can unlock new dimensions of technological innovation. By synergizing computer vision's ability to interpret visual data with data science's analytical prowess, attendees will leave with a deepened understanding of how to harness the combined power of these disciplines to create smarter, more perceptive, and ethically sound computer vision solutions. The rapid advancements in computer vision technology have transformed the way we interact with and perceive the world around us. From facial recognition systems to autonomous vehicles, computer vision has enabled a wide range of applications that enhance efficiency, safety, and convenience. The integration of data science techniques with computer vision technology has resulted in significant advancements across various domains. This exploration delves into how data science enhances the potential of computer vision, leading to breakthroughs that optimize accuracy, adaptability, and decision-making. Furthermore, the seminar explores the role of big data in revolutionizing computer vision applications. It examines how the abundance of visual data, coupled with data science methodologies, enables the creation of more comprehensive and context-aware vision systems. Attendees will gain an understanding of how data-driven insights can lead to improved decisionmaking in fields like healthcare diagnostics, industrial automation, and urban planning.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Computer Vision, Deep Learning, Object Detection, Image Classification, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)..

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition