Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Child abuse is also known as child endangerment or child maltreatment is physical ,sexual, emotional or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child ,Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home or in organization, schools or in communities. It is important to educate the mother of under five children regarding child abuse.A total of 30 mothers of under 5 children were included in this study. A quantitative research approach was used. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire containing details of socio-demographic data, knowledge and attitude of child abuse. The questionnaire was administered in both Tamil and English. ,education given with the use of power point presentations and pamphlet distribution then the post test was conducted, the data was collected. A total of 30 mothers of under 5 children , were included in this study.It was found that the knowledge among the mother's of under five is categorized by 46.6% of mothers had below average knowledge ,20% of mothers had average knowledge and 33.3%of mothers had above average knowledge in pretest and after a structured teaching programme 6.66%of mothers had below average knowledge ,20% of mothers had average knowledge and 73.3% of mothers had above average knowledge in post test.We found that the knowledge regarding the child abuse among the under 5 mothers showed effectiveness after the structured teaching programme .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Knowledge on child abuse, Under five children , Structured teaching programme.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Savara Tribe, Postnatal Care, Indigenous, Maternal health, Demographic, Healthcare, sterilization, breastfeeding, biomedical, Tubectomy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the reverse journey of the protagonist faced during the cycle of events that helps him reassess the identities and examines the concept of reverse journey in Paul Auster's The Music of Chance. Jim Nashe, a former fireman, spends his fortune lavishly travelling to and forth in America. He meets Jack Pozzi, a Poker game player, lives a carefree life. Nashe confronts setbacks in life, decides to live his life without meticulous thinking or planning. He focuses on the path of freedom, discovery, choices and decision leads him into the deeper entanglement of circumstances, reveals the reality of societal expectation and self-realization. This paper attempts to contemplate the past journey and understands the reality of life in this unpredictable world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

journey, identity, reverse, chance, discovery, transformation, fate

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Energy resource constraints, climate change, and international energy disputes have had a severe impact on society at all levels this year and have increased the threat to global stability. These issues can be diminishing the fossil fuel reserves to the rise of the world population, Global climate change, and increasing in wastes levels (solid/liquid) and can be resulting to the electricity crisis. The electricity problem is preventing socioeconomic and technical advancement in many emerging nations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Waste, Electricity, Global, Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of a custom rate-limiting middleware developed for a Node.js application, designed to enforce per-tenant, per-user isolation with route-specific rate limits. The middleware employs a modified token bucket algorithm [1] backed by Redis [2] for persistent, distributed state management. Unlike conventional count-based limiters [3], the proposed system introduces a cost-based evaluation model that assigns variable weights to API requests based on their resource intensity. Benchmark results across 5 tenants and 11 routes are analyzed to evaluate performance, fairness (using Jain's Fairness Index [4]), and effectiveness. The system achieves fairness indices consistently above 0.88, demonstrating equitable resource distribution across tenants and users.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

rate limiting, token bucket algorithm, multi-tenant architecture, Redis, Node.js, cost-aware middleware, API management, SaaS, Jain's fairness index.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Electronic monitoring and surveillance have become essential tools in modern criminal investigation because crimes increasingly involve digital communication, devices, and networks. At the same time, these tools raise serious legal questions about privacy, liberty, evidentiary fairness, and state power. This paper examines the legal framework governing electronic surveillance, focusing on Indian law with comparative references where useful, and argues that effective investigation must be balanced by clear authority, procedural safeguards, and meaningful oversight.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Electronic monitoring, surveillance, CCTV-based tracking, GPS monitoring, metadata analysis, biometric identification, spyware, predictive policing algorithms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The prevalence of ASD has increased globally over the past decade, making it a major public health and developmental concern. Early identification and intervention are considered essential in improving developmental trajectories and adaptive functioning in affected children.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Autism Spectrum Disorder, Early Intervention, Single-Parent Family, Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Echolalia, Psychosocial Impact, Adaptive Functioning, Child Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry ex Rehder, commonly known as the Lady Palm or Broadleaf Lady Palm, is a slow-growing, multi-stemmed ornamental palm of the family Arecaceae, native to southern China and Taiwan. Although best known as a decorative indoor and landscape plant, mounting evidence from ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemical analyses, and in vitro pharmacological studies reveals a range of biologically active constituents and therapeutically relevant activities across multiple plant parts -- including the leaves, roots, rhizomes, seeds, and stem fibres. Bioactive classes documented in the genus Rhapis and closely related Arecaceae members include flavonoids, phenolic acids, sterols (notably beta-sitosterol), triterpenoids, fatty acids, and polysaccharides. Reported pharmacological activities encompass antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. The palm also demonstrates outstanding efficacy as a phytoremediation agent for indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with relevance to respiratory health. Traditional medicine systems in China and Southeast Asia have employed various Rhapis preparations for wound healing, fever management, urinary complaints, and tonic purposes. This review consolidates and critically evaluates available phytochemical, pharmacognostic, and pharmacological data on Rhapis excelsa, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and outlines future research directions of pharmaceutical relevance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Rhapis excelsa, Lady Palm, Arecaceae, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, flavonoids, beta-sitosterol, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, phytoremediation, herbal medicine, natural products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Consent in medical practice is a complicated process.This is partly because different medical conditions bring up different challenges for doctors and patients. Informed consent and risk assessment are important public health topics that have become even more important during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this article, we look at the key factors that doctors should consider when getting consent for solid organ transplantation. Consent for solid organ transplantation is more complicated than most surgeries or other medical procedures because of the many factors involved, the complexity of the choices, and the need to balance different risks. We start by looking at the context in which a patient gives consent. Then we outline the legal principles of consent in medical practice as they apply in the UK and the implications of recent legal cases. The third section looks at the specific difficulties of consent in organ transplantation and highlights the important factors in making sure consent is properly given. The fourth section provides practical advice. We suggest a new "multi-factor approach" to informed consent in transplantation that includes understanding risk, effective communication, and strong review processes. Although understanding risk and communication are essential, our suggestion is that including review processes into the consent process is very important. By this, we mean identifying and creating space for judgment in decision-making to help ensure that informed consent is actually given in practice. Discretion means that healthcare professionals use their judgment to guide their actions rather than follow legal decisions as strict rules.

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ROLE OF CONSENT IN ORGAN DONATION: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Granisetron is a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist widely used for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Despite its therapeutic efficacy, granisetron exhibits a relatively short biological half-life and requires frequent administration, which may reduce patient compliance. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), particularly floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), have gained significant attention as an approach to enhance gastric residence time and improve drug bioavailability. FDDS are designed to remain buoyant in gastric fluid, thereby prolonging drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract where absorption is optimal. This review provides a detailed overview of granisetron, including its pharmacokinetics and limitations, and discusses the design principles, formulation strategies, mechanisms, and evaluation parameters of floating drug delivery systems. Various polymers, excipients, and preparation techniques used in FDDS are critically examined. Additionally, recent advancements and future perspectives in gastroretentive systems for granisetron delivery are highlighted. The review concludes that FDDS represent a promising strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes and patient adherence in granisetron therapy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Granisetron, Floating Drug Delivery System, Gastroretentive Systems, Controlled Release, 5-HT3 Antagonist, Bioavailability Enhancement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition