Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has set a transformative agenda for the Indian education system, which emphasizes critical thinking and application-based learning over the traditional rote memorization process that has long been embedded in Indian education. The Open Book Exams (OBEs) have emerged as a key tool in achieving these goals by allowing students to utilize resources such as textbooks and notebooks during the exams, thus shifting the focus from traditional learning to comprehensive and application-based learning, enhancing the students' spirit. Thus, this paper explores the effectiveness of OBEs and its critical thinking among the students by focusing on the objectives of NEP 2020. An empirical study has been conducted among 200 sample students from Andhra university, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The study explores different perceptions of OBEs regarding critical thinking and application of knowledge. The findings suggest that OBEs are effective in promoting high cognitive skills, with 55 percent of respondents supporting them as very effective in nature. Remaining 45 percent of respondents believed that OBEs improve the application of knowledge, which is a core goal of NEP 2020. This study contributes to the ongoing research on educational reforms in India, which offers empirical evidence on OBEs potentiality to promote critical thinking and supports NEP 2020's vision, which offers a more holistic and application-based education system. This research paper further recommends improving the implementation of OBEs to address various educational and student-oriented challenges related to fairness and equity in education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: transformative; emphasizes; embedded; comprehensive; empirical; perceptions; potentiality; holistic; cognitive; implementation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Employee retention is a crucial concern for organizations striving to maintain a skilled and committed workforce. Among the various factors influencing retention, compensation remains one of the most significant determinants of employee satisfaction and loyalty. This study, titled "a study on the impact of compensation on employee retention at tvs training and services ltd.", aims to examine how different components of compensation--monetary and non-monetary-- affect employees' decisions to stay within the organization. The research is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires administered to employees across various job levels at tvs training and services ltd. Normality test was conducted and it was found that the data does follow normal distribution, therefore non-parametric test was conducted. Non- parametric test was conducted using (H-test, Spearman's rank correlation). It explores the employees' awareness and perception of compensation, evaluates the satisfaction level with current pay and benefits, and analyzes the effectiveness of existing retention strategies. The study also identifies the most valued compensation and benefit components, as ranked by the respondents. Findings from the study indicate that while salary plays a major role in retention, non-monetary benefits such as career growth opportunities, recognition, and work-life balance also significantly contribute to employee engagement. The research concludes with suggestions for enhancing compensation strategies to improve retention rates and overall organizational performance. The population for this study is 300. The number of samples taken for the study is 170.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee retention, compensation, monetary benefits, non-monetary benefits

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Concern for environmental degradation has been a key focus in literary works from Romanticism to Ecocriticism. Strengthening the human-nature relationship is an absolute priority. This research explores the study of selected poems of William Wordsworth through ecocritical lens. Ecocriticism studies the literary texts from an environmental perspective. Wordsworth, the greatest devotee of nature, invites readers to reconnect with the primal forces of nature and to recognize their intrinsic connection to earth. Wordsworth's poetry offers a profound meditation on the human-nature relationship, as most of the ecocritics do. Let us endeavour to achieve a future where we co-exist with nature in harmony. This paper will keenly examine the ecocritical aspects in the selected poems of William Wordsworth.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: environmental degradation, Romanticism, Ecocriticism, nature, human-nature relationship, William Wordsworth

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a widely used medicinal herb, is renowned for its potent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, primarily due to its active compound Curcumin. Objective: To formulation and evaluation of Multipurpose Turmeric cream Aloe vera gel, Neem Extraction, ( Azadirachta India) Turmeric Extraction, Aloe vera, (Curcuma Longa) iso propyl alcohol, mix solvent, Method: The cream was formulated using a base composed of liquid paraffin, beeswax, methyl paraben, borax, distilled water, rose water, isopropyl alcohol, a mixing solvent, and extracts of turmeric, aloe vera, and neem. The preparation utilized the slab technique or extemporaneous method to ensure a geometric mixing of the ingredients, resulting in a smooth texture and proper integration of all components. Employing the slob wound healing technique, we developed three distinct batches of our herbal cream, designated as F1H, F2H, and F3H. Each batch underwent evaluation for various parameters, including physical characteristics, pH levels, irritancy, washability, phase separation, and spreadability. Results: All three formulations, namely F1H, F2H, and F3H, demonstrated an appealing appearance, exhibited a nearly neutral pH, and showed no signs of erythema, edema, or redness on the skin during the irritancy study. They were easily washable, had good spreadability, and did not experience phase separation. Furthermore, all three formulations were found to be stable at room temperature. Conclusion: The cream demonstrated a multifunctional effect through the incorporation of Aloe Vera gel, Neem, and Turmeric, with each herbal component exhibiting distinct significant activities. The findings indicate that all three formulations, F1H, F2H, and F3H, remain stable at room temperature and are safe for application on the skin.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Aloe barbadensis (gel), Azadirachta indicia (Neem), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Multipurpose cream, Herbal cosmetic

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic compounds in commercial oral hygiene products has led to a growing interest in herbal alternatives. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an herbal toothpaste using natural ingredients such as Neem (Azadirachta indica), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and Turmeric (Curcuma longa), combined with safe excipients like baking soda, salt, coconut oil, and peppermint oil. These herbal agents were selected for their proven antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing properties. The toothpaste was prepared in three different batches with varying ingredient ratios and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics including pH, spreadability, foamability, smoothness, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Results indicated that all formulations exhibited acceptable properties, with Batch 3 showing superior antibacterial activity. The study demonstrates that herbal toothpaste can be a safe, effective, and environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic formulations, aligning with modern preferences for natural healthcare solutions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE A NATURAL APPROACH TO ORAL HYGIENE

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of aberrant cells. The intricacy and variety of cancer still provide enormous therapeutic obstacles, despite tremendous advances in medical research. A wide range of anti-cancer tactics have surfaced in recent years, including more advanced techniques like targeted therapy and immunotherapy as well as more traditional ones like chemotherapy and radiation. Although patient outcomes have greatly improved as a result of these treatments, problems like toxicity, off-target effects, and drug resistance still pose serious risks. Concurrent with these developments, natural substances--in particular, phytochemicals obtained from therapeutic plants--have attracted a lot of interest because of their multiple modes of action, reduced toxicity, and capacity to improve the effectiveness of traditional treatments. With a focus on the therapeutic advantages, limits, and molecular functions of synthetic and plant-derived chemicals in cancer treatment, this study offers a thorough summary of both established and new anti-cancer treatments. Combining historic knowledge with contemporary pharmacological techniques could yield new insights and open the door to more individualized and successful cancer treatments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Radiotherapy, Phytochemicals, Medicinal Plants, Natural Compounds, Plant-Derived Medications, Apoptosis, Anti-Cancer Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Tumour Suppression

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a detailed short circuit analysis of the 33/11 kV MSEDCL substation using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software. The substation, located in a critical urban zone, is responsible for distributing power to several essential areas, including medical and residential facilities. Short circuit faults--such as three-phase, line-to-ground, line-to-line, and double line-to-ground--can severely impact power system reliability if not properly analyzed and mitigated. In this study, real-time data was collected from the MSEDCL substation, including transformer ratings, circuit breaker settings, current and potential transformer ratios, and system layout. The substation was modeled in ETAP, and fault simulations were conducted on the 11 kV bus to observe the system's behavior under various fault conditions. The results provided valuable insights into fault current magnitudes, equipment stress levels, and the adequacy of existing protection systems. Based on the analysis, recommendations were made to improve protection coordination and ensure safer operation. This study highlights the importance of short circuit analysis in designing and maintaining reliable power distribution systems and supports the development of optimized protection schemes for urban substations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Short Circuit Analysis, 33/11 kv Substation, Etap Software, Fault Current, Electrical Faults, 4-Bus Network, Substation Simulation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social media systems offer a space for open verbal exchange but they are also susceptible to the unfold of toxic content material cyberbullying and hate speech this undertaking introduces an ai-driven system that leverages recurrent neural networks RNN and natural language processing NLP to discover and mitigate harmful language in social media interactions the device constantly monitors user sports along with posting and liking feedback making sure actual-time identity of toxic content whilst a user posts a remark containing dangerous language the system generates an automated warning message informing them of the violation the device keeps a records of violations and repeated offenses lead to stricter penalties including temporary suspensions and account blocking off this structured enforcement mechanism discourages users from undertaking harmful interactions even as fostering a more secure online environment the task entails education an RNN-primarily based version on a dataset containing toxic and non-poisonous language patterns permitting accurate class of harmful content material superior NLP techniques which include tokenization sentiment analysis and context-aware filtering enhance the detection accuracy the gadget operates seamlessly within a social media platform integrating an automated moderation framework that balances person freedom of expression with the need of keeping a deferential digital area by using implementing this ai-powered method the task pursuits to decrease the superiority of poisonous interactions mitigate the psychological effect of cyberbullying and sell a more healthy online discourse this initiative contributes to creating a more inclusive and accountable digital surroundings making sure that social media stays a platform for optimistic engagement instead of a breeding ground for harmful behaviour.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Toxic Comment Detection, Hate Speech Detection, AI Moderation System, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Sentiment Analysis, Automated Warning System, Real-Time Content Monitoring, Social Media Safety, Online Harassment Prevention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

DC-DC converters, reducing or decreasing the input voltage at the output, are commonly used in many power electronics application. Generally, all types of converter are derived from Buck or Boost converter topology. Conventional control methods has slow dynamic response to power source perturbation compared to one cycle control method. This paper demonstrates that switching converters based on One-Cycle Control strategy. One cycle control is a kind of nonlinear control technique. It is defined as the average value of the switched variable can follow its control reference within a switching cycle. In this paper presents one cycle control method and PI Control Method for buck converter and its results are analyzing using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Buck converter is analyzed with two control methods, PI and One Cycle Control (OCC), have been applied to set the output voltage at desired voltage level with 100 W output power and 10 kHz switching frequency. The simulation results have been obtained by using Simulink/MATLAB and compared with each other. The results include the dynamic response of the suggested control methods with variation of reference, power at output and input voltages. And, the proposed OCC method has better results from the point of load and reference variation. For input voltage variation PI control method is superior.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

One cycle control, buck converter, PI Control, DC-DC converter

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research project entitled "A Study on Employee Motivation at SIBAR AUTOPARTS PRIVATE LIMITED" aims to examine the level of motivation among employees and identify the key factors influencing their performance and job satisfaction. The study was conducted using a structured questionnaire containing multiple-choice and closed-ended questions, targeting various departments within the organization. It explored aspects such as recognition, incentives, working conditions, and communication between employees and management. The main objectives of the study were to assess the motivation levels of employees, understand the motivational strategies implemented by the company, and suggest improvements for enhancing employee engagement and productivity. The research design adopted was descriptive in nature, enabling the identification of employee attitudes and behaviour. A random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Both primary data (collected through questionnaires ) and secondary data (sourced from books, journals, and the internet) were utilized. The findings revealed that most employees are reasonably motivated and maintain a healthy relationship with management. However, there is potential for improvement in areas such as recognition and career development opportunities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Incentives, Performance, Workplace Engagement

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition