Volume 8 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Solar PV farm used for simulation studies involve of large number of PV module connected to grid connected inverter through ungrounded DC cables. Constructor report that about 1% of installed PV panel fails annually. Detecting phase to ground fault in ungrounded underground DC cables is also difficult and time consuming .therefore Identifying ground faults is a important problem in ungrounded photovoltaic (PV) systems because such earth faults do not provide abundant fault currents for their detection and location during system working. If such ground faults are not cleared rapidly, a subsequent ground fault on the healthy phase will produce a complete short circuit in the system. This paper present a novel fault-location scheme in which high frequency noise patterns are used to identify the fault location. The high-frequency noise is produce due to the switching transients of converters combined with the parasitic capacitance of PV panels and cables. Discrete wavelet transform is used for the decomposition of the monitored signal (midpoint voltage of the converters) and features are taken out. Feature extraction of the measured waveform at different frequency bands give feature information of voltage signal at different fault locations and are used as the feature vectors for pattern recognition. Then, a back propagation artificial neural networks classifier, which can automatically classify the fault locations according to the extracted features, is investigated. The proposed fault-location scheme has been primarily expand for fault location in the PV farm (PV panels and dc cables). The method is assessing for ground faults as well as line� line faults. These faults are simulated with MATLAB and the data are then analyzed with wavelets. Finally, the value of the designed fault locator is tested with varying system parameters. The results illustrate that the proposed approach has accurate and robust performance even with noisy measurements and changes in operating conditions.

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 Keywords

Ungrounded Photovoltaic system (PV), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Multi-resolution analysis (MRA), Artificial neural network (ANN)

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 Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyse wear behaviour of break friction lining manufactured with pistachio shell powder as filler material in place of asbestos. Asbestos replaced because asbestos denunciation is mostly harmful as they cause asbestosis and mesothelioma. Here in this work binder phenolic resin, frictional additives graphite and silica dioxide, reinforcing material copper used and most important pistachio shell powder as filler material in place of asbestos used. Sample manufactured by compressive moulding process. Wear rate of brake friction lining is gradually increases up to 30N load and beyond this load wear rate is higher. Wear behaviour of material also studied with FE-SEM, this shows presence of swallow groves and delaminated surface which are reasons behind increasing wear.

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 Keywords

Pin on Disc, Composite material, Pistachio shell, Wear Behavior, FE-SEM

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This report presents experimental study on effect of replacement of fine aggregate by Groundnut shell (GS). GS is used in concrete to minimize the demand of fine aggregate. The groundnut shells are available as agricultural waste in large amount every year. The groundnut shells were replaced in various percentages as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of fine aggregate. The strength and durability properties of concrete were tested and compared with the conventional concrete. By comparing these test results 5% replacement of groundnut shell shows better results than the conventional concrete for both strength and durability tests.

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 Keywords

Groundnut shell, strength , durability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A power quality issue, especially, voltage problem is the vital concern in most distribution systems today. So far, the voltage problem is mainly from under-voltage (voltage sag) condition due to a short circuit or a fault. Power quality in the distribution system is the important issue for industrial, commercial and residential applications today. The voltage problem is mainly considered from under-voltage (voltage sag) condition caused by short circuit or fault somewhere in the distribution system. This paper presents a series voltage regulator for distribution transformer which improves the voltage sag/swell occurring at secondary side of transformer. The hysteresis voltage controller based series voltage regulator which connect after transformer secondary side is presented. The controller is comprises of Phase lock loop for reference voltage generation, the hysteresis controller is used for generation of gating signal. The complete system is developed in MATLAB. System is tested for different power quality disturbances which provide sufficient results for power quality disturbance improvement.

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 Keywords

Index Terms - Distribution transformer, series voltage regulator, voltage sag and swell

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 Abstract

Recent days, the utilization of electricity and water increased, because of its demand. The lamps and pumps are left ON which results in wastage of electricity and Water. Automation of the garden helps to overcome all these problems. In public garden automation system we use various sensors to measure the moisture of soil and detect the temperature of surrounding also LDR sensor for observing intensity of light. Soil moisture sensor measure moisture in the soil we set a threshold value for moisture if it goes on that level of value then water pump will turn on automatically. Even the switching ON or OFF of the Garden lights is automatic, there will be no delay. As the public garden needs to be opened and closed in the morning and night, it has been fixed with a motor to complete the action. The live Status of the garden will be updated periodically. The authorized person can collect the data being transmitted. This data can be used for calculating the amount of water and consumption of electricity. The wastage of water and electricity can be reduced. The maintenance of Public Garden can become very easy and efficient.

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 Keywords

pi3 , soil moisture sensor, temperature and moisture sensor , LDR.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

On March 11, 2020, COVID-19�an infectious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China�was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of April 1, 2020, more than 3.4 billion people, representing 43 percent of the world population, are in lockdown in more than 80 countries and territories around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic is having an enormous impact on higher education. In many countries around the world, campuses are closed and teaching has moved online. Internationalization has slowed down considerably. Despite these challenges, HEIs have reacted positively, often implementing new solutions to continue providing teaching, research, and service to society. Lockdown and social confinement measures have an enormous impact on higher education. Higher education has been disrupted as never before, but the fact that campuses are physically closed does not mean that higher education institutions (HEIs) have stopped functioning. On the contrary, faced with multiple challenges, they have had to respond quickly and find new solutions to previously unknown problems and new ways in which to continue teaching, conducting research, and serving society. This research study attempts to examine the current challenges and initiatives of Institutions and universities imparting higher education. To help higher education leaders navigate enrollment uncertainty, prepare for a number of different scenarios, and act with real-time information, this research study is conducting ongoing research and analysis to understand students� perspectives and concerns about their enrollment decisions. The study further provides recommendations to the education leaders based on the responses collected and findings drawn from the survey.

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 Keywords

HEI, Online teaching, Employability, Enrolment

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This study has been undertaken to advance the working of Robotic Vacuum Cleaner. An autonomous robot that can be used to do the works like vacuuming, surface cleaning and drying that includes suction part, mop motor 12v , Rubbermaid brushes, connecting link through MDF cardboard and two exhaust fans for drying and the whole setup s settled on 4, 10cm wheels driven by 12v high speed motors, also a drive system includes a steering system and control system for integrating operations. The control center includes Arduino uno a combination of microcontrollers with 3 relays installed to give instruction to all above mentioned three functions and connecting wires. Arduino s connected to all IR sensors and Ultrasonic sensors to receive all signals. Then Arduino that contain atmega328 give directory that s preinstalled by software algorithms.

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Robotic Vacuum Cleaner

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 Abstract

Background: The study was conducted in a Chemical process shop engaged in electroplating operations. The studies were conducted in the Process Shop with varying plating operations. The hazards under study are alkali dust, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid mists, chromium, zinc fumes and ammonia vapour and studied in selected work stations. Process and engineering control measures were implemented after conducting Lean Six Sigma projects by production team. Another set of study was conducted with the same methodology after 12 � 15 months after the implementations of the Lean Six Sigma methodologies. Aim: This study was initiated to explore and assess the prevailing chemical work environmental factors / hazards in the plant as well as the distribution of these hazards in the plants before and after implementation of six sigma studies. It is to assess the work room air quality by static sampling before and after the implementations of the process and engineering measures by Lean Six Sigma studies and determine the effectiveness. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with 15 samplings in each sub locations of the main processes like acid pickling zinc plating etc. About 50 workmen are engaged in these operations. Convenient sampling method was adopted to collect 15 static samples in each sub locations/processes in two different conditions. The work exposures were compared for compliance with the occupational standards and for the effectiveness of the implemented Lean Six Sigma measures in these operations. Statistical Analysis: Plant wise and operation-wise hazard distribution analysis was done on the compiled data. The data was analyzed by using the IBM-SPSS version-20 and the Mini-Tab Version-16 and the results were tabulated using p<0.05 as statistically significant. Paired t tests, Chi Square tests and Pearson�s correlation were performed to establish the effectiveness. Results: The measured data on various chemical air borne factors were compared with the Threshold Limit Values. For all the measured hazards like dusts, mists, fumes and vapours under study in two different conditions, Correlation and association analysis were done and it is found to be at 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval level. Conclusions and Implications: This study has demonstrated that the chemical air borne factors were varying based on the process, operational conditions and control mechanisms. It is concluded that there is a significant level of association (p<0.05) before and after the implemented Lean Six Sigma measures and it is found that the implemented Lean Six Sigma measures were found effective to mitigate the hazard exposures in the process plant.

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Industrial hygiene, Chemical air borne factor, Lean Six Sigma, Threshold Limit Values, control measures.

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This paper discusses poverty alleviation in Islamic banks within the purview of Islamic micro financing. It will touch the on; the prohibition of riba (interest/usury), population and poverty distribution in different regions of the world, Islamic finance�s emphasis on welfare maximization as against profit maximization. Specific attention will be placed on Islamic micro finance instruments such as micro credit, micro equity, and charity financing.

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Key words: zakat interest, sadaqah, waqf, ijara, murabaha, mudarabah, musharakah, riba, salam, usury

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 Abstract

Nigeria as a nation remained the theatre of armed communal conflicts which result in widespread destruction, thousands of deaths, and enormous property losses for several years. These violent conflicts are labeled ethno-religious because what we normally call religious conflicts here often has ethnic, political and economic undertones, while the so called ethnic conflict are complicated by religious, political considerations. The perennial occurrence of the problem does suggest the inadequacies of both the prevailing intellectual analysis and prognosis of the problem as well as the remedies proposed and tried so far. This require an adequate understanding of its root cause, the course it takes, the intervening variables, and the potential outcome of the complex series of events which go into its making. This paper is an attempt at providing such an explanation concerning the devastating consequences of the long period conflicts and crises of and also discusses various strategies that should be adopted by all relevant agencies and groups for a lasting peace in the country.

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 Keywords

Keywords: ethno-religious, conflicts, socio- economic, political, government, crises, management.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition