Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal hand sanitizer using natural plant extracts such as Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and Aloe vera. The increasing demand for safe and skin-friendly hygiene products has led to the development of herbal alternatives to conventional alcohol-based sanitizers. In this study, herbal extracts were prepared using suitable extraction methods and incorporated into a formulation containing ethanol, glycerin, and other excipients. The prepared sanitizer was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, drying time, and stability. The formulation showed a pH in the range of 6.2-6.8, indicating skin compatibility. It exhibited good consistency, pleasant odor, and easy spreadability with quick drying time. Antimicrobial activity was confirmed using standard microbiological methods, showing effective inhibition against common pathogens. No signs of skin irritation were observed during testing, and the formulation remained stable under different storage conditions. The presence of bioactive compounds in herbal ingredients contributed to antimicrobial activity, while Aloe vera provided moisturizing and soothing effects. Overall, the formulated herbal hand sanitizer was found to be effective, safe, eco-friendly, and suitable for regular use

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 Keywords

Herbal Hand Sanitizer , Poly Herbal Formulation, Bioactive Compound, Anti-Microbial.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, is a common gynecological condition affecting a significant proportion of adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. It is primarily associated with increased production of prostaglandins in the endometrium, which leads to intensified uterine contractions, reduced uterine blood flow, and consequent pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for managing primary dysmenorrhea due to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and reduce prostaglandin synthesis.

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Menstrual Cycle, Dysmenorrhea, NSAID's , Prostaglandin

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Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold widely explored in medicinal chemistry due to its diverse biological activities. The present review highlights recent advances in the computational analysis, synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel isatin analogues. Computational techniques such as molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and ADMET prediction play a crucial role in the rational design and optimization of these derivatives. Various synthetic approaches, including conventional and green chemistry methods, have been employed to generate structurally diverse isatin analogues with improved pharmacological profiles. Characterization techniques such as NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and chromatographic methods ensure structural confirmation and purity. Biological studies demonstrate significant antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system activities of these compounds. Structure-activity relationship studies further guide the development of potent analogues. Overall, the integration of computational and experimental strategies provides a promising pathway for the discovery of new therapeutic agents based on the isatin scaffold.

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Cytotoxicity,Anticancer Activity ,Antimicrobial, Antibacterial , Antifungal Anticonvulsant Activity

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Retail credit helps customers meet their financial needs and improve their standard of living. This study examines the factors influencing retail credit accessibility and its impact on customers' financial stability. The study is based on primary data collected from 200 respondents in Coimbatore using a structured questionnaire. Tools like percentage analysis, ranking analysis, ANOVA, correlation, and regression are used. The results show that income level, loan processing speed, and interest rate are the main factors affecting credit access. It also finds that better access to credit improves financial stability, while poor usage may create financial problems. Overall, proper access to credit and responsible borrowing can improve customers' financial condition.

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 Keywords

Retail Credit, Credit Accessibility, Financial Stability, Income Level, Interest Rate, standard of living, etc.,

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Climate change is no longer a distant or theoretical concern; it has become an immediate and lived reality, particularly in India. Increasing heatwaves, floods, landslides , rising sea levels, and growing threats to food security demonstrate how climate impacts are affecting everyday life rather than remaining isolated environmental events. India's legal framework has historically addressed environmental protection by expanding the scope of Article 21 of the Constitution to include the right to a clean and healthy environment. However, a significant development occurred in 2024 when the Supreme Court recognised freedom from the adverse effects of climate change as a fundamental right. This marked a shift from traditional environmental regulation toward the broader concept of climate constitutionalism. This study examines how climate change has become embedded within the constitutional right to life by analysing judicial developments, human rights principles, climate justice, and intergenerational equity. While the judiciary has played a crucial role in advancing climate rights, the effectiveness of these protections ultimately depends on the creation of comprehensive legislation and strong institutional mechanisms. Without practical implementation, constitutional recognition alone risks remaining symbolic rather than transformative.

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Climate Change; Right to Life; Article 21; Climate Constitutionalism; Human Rights; Climate Justice; Intergenerational Equity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Child labour remains a pervasive and deeply entrenched issue in many parts of the world, with its manifestations often hidden within the complex and opaque networks of global supply chains. India, with its vast population, diverse economy, and historical socioeconomic challenges, presents a particularly significant context for examining child labour within these intricate production systems. The phenomenon is not merely a by-product of poverty but is deeply interwoven with issues of inadequate education, weak governance, cultural norms, and the relentless pursuit of profit by multinational corporations. Global supply chains, characterized by their fragmented nature, subcontracting practices, and the pressure to reduce costs, create fertile ground for the exploitation of children, particularly in sectors where oversight is minimal and the labour force is largely informal. This essay will delve into the multifaceted problem of child labour in global supply chains, with a specific focus on India. It will explore the root causes, the sectors most affected, the impact on children, the role of global corporations and consumers, and the legal and policy frameworks in place, as well as their limitations. Finally, it will consider potential pathways and strategies for its eradication.

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Child Labour, Global Supply Chains, India, Exploitation, Informal Sector

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Agriculture is a part of Indias economy. We need to guess how much crops will grow so we can make sure we have food and plan the economy. In this paper we are talking about a system that uses computers to guess how much crops will grow. This system also uses pictures to show how well crops will do in Indias three growing seasons: Kharif, Rabi and Zaid. Our system uses a method called Linear Regression. It looks at things like how rain falls how hot it is how much pesticide is used and how much fertilizer is used to guess how much crops will grow. We measure how much crops grow in tons per hectare. We are using how much crops grow. Linear Regression to make guesses. We made a website using a tool called Streamlit. It lets people get guesses away. It also shows pictures of the guess results using a tool called Plotly. This is really helpful for people who want to see the results of how much crops grow. Our system is good at guessing how much crops will grow. It also helps farmers and people who plan agriculture by giving them tools to make decisions through dashboards. This means farmers and planners can use our system to make decisions about how much crops will grow. We tested our system with a lot of data. 3,000 Points. The results were good. We were able to guess how 30 crops would grow across three cycles. Our system guessed how much crops would grow. The results were good. Our system is helpful for precision agriculture. This lets farmers and people who plan agriculture make decisions based on facts. This helps them choose the crops and use resources in the way. Precision agriculture and how much crops grow are important, for Indias economy. Index Terms--Crop yield prediction, machine learning, linear regression, precision agriculture, Streamlit, Indian agriculture, seasonal crops, data visualization, agricultural informatics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crop yield prediction, machine learning, linear regression, precision agriculture, Streamlit, Indian agriculture, seasonal crops, data visualization, agricultural informatics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF WORLD AFFAIRS WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1943 BY A GROUP OF INDIAN INTELLECTUALS AS A THINK TANK. IT WAS REGISTERED AS A NON-OFFICIAL, NONPOLITICAL AND NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION UNDER THE REGISTRATION OF SOCIETIES ACT 1860. BY AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT IN 2001, THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF WORLD AFFAIRS HAS BEEN DECLARED AN INSTITUTION OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE. THE VICE PRESIDENT OF INDIA IS THE EX-OFFICIO PRESIDENT OF ICWA. IT IS DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS. HISTORIC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES LIKE 'ASIAN RELATIONS CONFERENCE' IN 1947 UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF FREEDOM FIGHTER SAROJINI NAIDU AND 'UNITED NATIONS AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER' IN 1994 HAVE BEEN HELD BY THIS THINK TANK IN WHICH WORLD RENOWNED DIGNITARIES ADDRESSED HUGE GATHERINGS OF INTELLECTUALS. SCORES OF CONFERENCES, MEETINGS AND PANEL DISCUSSIONS HAVE BEEN ORGANISED BY THE COUNCIL IN ITS ELEGANT BUILDING CALLED "SAPRU HOUSE".

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NATIONAL CONFERENCE

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Herbal formulations have gained considerable importance in recent years due to their improved safety profile, patient compliance, and therapeutic effectiveness. Acacia nilotica, commonly known as Babul, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine systems because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, and skin protective activities. The present study was aimed at the formulation and evaluation of herbal cream containing extract of Acacia nilotica. The herbal cream was prepared using suitable excipients such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, triethanolamine, liquid paraffin, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and purified water. Different formulations were developed by varying concentrations of Acacia nilotica extract and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability, homogeneity, irritancy, stability, and antimicrobial activity. The prepared formulations showed acceptable organoleptic properties, good consistency, suitable pH compatible with skin, satisfactory spreadability, and stability during storage conditions. The herbal cream demonstrated promising antimicrobial and skin protective properties due to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids present in Acacia nilotica. The study concluded that Acacia nilotica can be effectively incorporated into topical cream formulations and may serve as a safe and effective herbal preparation for skin care and management of minor skin infections.

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 Keywords

Acacia nilotica, Herbal cream, Antimicrobial activity, Skin care, Topical formulations evaluation study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pediatric drug delivery systems require special consideration due to physiological, psychological, and developmental differences compared to adults. Conventional dosage forms such as tablets and capsules are often unsuitable for children due to swallowing difficulties, risk of choking, and poor acceptability. Liquid formulations, although commonly used, suffer from issues such as dosing inaccuracies, stability concerns, and unpleasant taste. The present research work focuses on the design and evaluation of a chewable oral jelly formulation containing Paracetamol, a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent in pediatric therapy. The objective was to develop a palatable, stable, and effective dosage form that enhances patient compliance and ensures accurate dosing. The formulation was developed using hydrophilic polymers such as pectin, gelatin, and sodium alginate, along with sweeteners, flavoring agents, and preservatives. Various formulations were prepared by altering polymer concentrations and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, drug content uniformity, syneresis, texture, and in vitro drug release profile. The optimized formulation demonstrated desirable characteristics such as acceptable taste, uniform drug distribution, minimal syneresis, and rapid drug release. Stability studies conducted as per ICH guidelines confirmed the formulation's stability. The study concludes that chewable oral jelly is a promising and patient-friendly alternative to conventional pediatric dosage forms.

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 Keywords

Pediatric dosage form, Oral jelly, Paracetamol, Taste masking, Drug delivery system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition