Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Abstract: Chetan Bhagat is one of the most popular contemporary Indian English novelists whose works reflect the realities of post-liberalized Indian society. His novels portray the aspirations, anxieties, frustrations, and conflicts of the Indian middle class and youth. This paper examines the elements of postmodern social realism in Bhagat's fiction and analyses how his novels address social problems such as educational pressure, unemployment, corruption, cultural conflict, gender inequality, and identity crisis. Through simple language and relatable characters, Bhagat presents a realistic picture of changing Indian society in the age of globalization.

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Key words: Indian society, aspirations, anxieties, frustrations, postmodern, social realism gender inequality, and identity crisis

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Introduction: Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the synovium and surrounding soft tissues characterized by pain, stiffness, and restricted movement of the glenohumeral joint. The condition is associated with fibrosis due to increased collagen production, fibroplasia, and myofibroblast activity. Frozen shoulder affects approximately 2-5% of the general population. Scapular stabilizing muscles play a crucial role in maintaining proper scapular alignment and shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of scapular stabilizer exercises in improving shoulder range of motion (ROM), reducing disability, and decreasing scapular winging in patients with frozen shoulder. Materials and Methods: Eighty participants were allocated into two groups at random: experimental (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. Prior to the study, informed consent were obtained. While the control group only received conventional physiotherapy, the experimental group was also given scapular stabilizer exercises. For six weeks, 45-minute interventions were administered three times a week. Shoulder range of motion, pain, disability, and scapular winging were among the outcome measures. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and paired t-tests were used to examine the data. Results: The results demonstrated that scapular stabilizer exercises combined with conventional physiotherapy produced significant improvements in shoulder ROM (P < 0.05), reduced pain and disability, and decreased scapular winging after six weeks of intervention in both groups, with greater improvement observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: In patients with frozen shoulder, scapular stabilizer exercises along with conventional physiotherapy significantly enhance range of motion and lessen pain, disability, and scapular winging.

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Frozen shoulder, scapular stabilizer exercises, scapular winging, range of motion, disability, pain, rehabilitation

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Using a Hindu eco-spiritual framework, this paper analyses Amitav Ghosh's Gun Island to investigate how traditional cosmological ideas shed light on current environmental issues. Ghosh describes the disruption of sacred human-nature ties in both colonial and postcolonial contexts, building on the legends of Bonduki Sadagar and Manasa Devi. This study examines how the novel depicts environmental deterioration, human moral failing, and ecological mutual dependence using a threefold conceptual lens of karma, dharma, and ecology derived from Hindu philosophy. Karma, the rule of cause and effect, is used to illustrate how human exploitation results in ecological collapse, climate migration, and natural calamities. Dharma is a concept that promotes responsibility for the environment and human-nonhuman cooperation. In order to speak out against the environmental degradation of capitalist modernity, this dissertation contends that Ghosh skilfully combines Hindu metaphysics with modern ecological science. The novel's portrayal of floods, Venice's collapse, and the worldwide refugee crisis dramatizes karmic repercussions, and its connection to the merging of myth and science presents a vision of holy interdependence. In the end, this essay comes to the conclusion that Gun Island offers an urgent eco-spiritual model for rethinking planetary ethics and reacting to the Anthropocene via spiritual duty, humility, and relationships.

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Keywords: Gun Island, eco-spirituality, Amitav Ghosh, Hindu environmental ethics, myth.

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Particularly in fields like law, ethics, and human behaviour, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) poses difficult problems that go beyond simple technical issues. The growing use of AI in India's many industries raises important concerns about how it may affect cultural norms, legal frameworks, and individual rights.

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Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Socio legal Implications, Legal Frameworks, Privacy, Bias and Discrimination, Intellectual

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Food is an important part of a balanced diet. It is something everyone needs every day. Life can be sustained only with adequate nourishment. Man needs food for growth, development and to lead an active and healthy life. Food is a substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human for nutrition or pleasure. Healthy nutritious foods have been replaced by the new food mantra - JUNK FOOD or fast food! Junk food is the term given to food that is high in calories but low in nutritional content. In the context of world economy, junk food is a global phenomenon. MATERIAL & METHOD: A descriptive study was conducted. The conceptual framework adopted for the study is based on Health Belief Model (Rosenstock,1999). The study population consisted of 80 adolescents from rural and urban area schools, Hisar. Convenient sampling was used to select study participant. The tool developed and used for data collection was demographic variable and structured knowledge questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statics was used to analyze the data. APPROACH: A research approach tells the researcher as to what data to be collect and how to analyses them. It also suggests possible conclusion to be drawn from the data. Research approaches refer to the overall plan for obtaining answers to the research questions and for testing the assumption. (Polit D.F. and back, C.T.,1995) The approach tells the basic procedure for the conduct of research inquiry. In the present study. The investigator selected Quantitative approach was taken as it is appropriate whenever the research question tests the knowledge of the people. The present study aim is to "A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding junk food consumption among adolescents between urban and rural area in selected schools of district Hisar, Haryana." RESULT: The study concluded that the mean score on level of knowledge regarding junk food consumption among adolescents in urban area was 14.5 with SD 6.36, whereas in rural areas the mean score on level of knowledge regarding junk food consumption among adolescents in was 11.275 with SD 6.36. The mean difference of urban and rural area knowledge score was 3.225. The value of unpaired test was 0.0165. which was significant at p-value 0.05. Which means there was difference in level of knowledge regarding junk food consumption among adolescents in urban and rural areas. Hence the hypothesis H2 was accepted. CONCLUSION: The chapter deals with the conclusion, implication, recommendation and limitation of the study, comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding junk food consumption among adolescents between urban and rural areas in selected schools of district Hisar, Haryana.

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Junk food, Fast food, Adolescents, Nutritional knowledge, Comparative study, Urban vs rural, Health Belief Model, Quantitative research, Hisar Haryana, Community health nursing

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Mahilaon Se Sambandhit Aparadhon Par Naveen Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 Ka Ek Tulanatmak Adhyayan

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Mahilaon Se Sambandhit Aparadhon Par Naveen Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 Ka Ek Tulanatmak Adhyayan

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Shamana Chikitsa includes the use of herbal formulations, regulated diet, lifestyle modifications, and supportive therapeutic measures to restore internal equilibrium. Its therapeutic action is achieved through mechanisms such as Dosha pacification, stimulation of Agni, digestion of Ama, and maintenance of healthy Srotas. Various measures including Deepana-Pachana Dravyas, Atapa Sevana, Maruta Sevana, Vyayama, Kshudha Nigraha, and Trushna Nigraha contribute to improved digestion, metabolism, circulation, and overall physiological functioning. An important feature of this therapy is its individualized approach, where treatment is planned according to the patient's Prakriti, involvement of Doshas, and overall health condition. In addition to reducing symptoms, Shamana Chikitsa supports long-term wellness by improving the body's natural healing ability and promoting balance at physical, mental, and emotional levels. Due to its holistic and patient-centered principles, Shamana Chikitsa continues to remain an effective and relevant therapeutic approach in modern healthcare practice. The treatment aims to reduce symptoms, improve comfort, and restore balance with the help of medicines, diet, and lifestyle modifications.

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Shaman Chikitsa, Deepana, Pachana, Kshudhanigraha, Trushna nigraha, Vyayam,Atapa sevan, Marut sevan

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The Event Vendor System is a web-based event management portal that simplifies organizing and managing events digitally. It allows users to create customized submission forms, register participants, manage guest lists, assign tasks to volunteers, and monitor revenue collection. The platform provides admins and event managers with easy access to event information, participant data, and feedback management. Users can book and manage events remotely from any device, making the process convenient and hassle-free. The system reduces paperwork and manpower by automating event-related activities such as invitations, confirmations, reminders, and alerts. Overall, it offers an efficient, accessible, and user-friendly solution for smooth event management.

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Full Stack Web Development, Responsive Web Application, Database Management System, Online Booking System, Participant Registration, Task & Volunteer Management, Vendor & Client Management

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Conventional traffic surveillance infrastructure, predominantly comprising static closed-circuit camera networks, is inherently constrained by fixed spatial coverage, blind spots, and dependence on manual observation for enforcement action. This paper is proposed an Autonomous UAV Traffic Enforcement System (AUTES), a hardware-validated, closed-loop aerial surveillance platform that bridges the gap between passive video monitoring and active autonomous enforcement response. This system integrates a dual-stage YOLOv8 inference pipeline employing a Common Objects in Context (COCO)-pretrained YOLOv8n model for scene-level person and vehicle detection, followed by a custom-trained binary helmet classification model with an autonomous quadrotor flight controller built on a modified E88 Pro drone platform driven by an ESP32 microcontroller running ESPFC firmware. A composite violation priority scoring mechanism ranks simultaneously detected violations. Detected violation coordinates are translated into real-time Radio Control (RC) flight commands. In the absence of detected violations, the drone autonomously executes a bidirectional yaw-sweep patrol pattern to maximize surveillance coverage without GPS dependency. The custom helmet detection model, trained on a Roboflow dataset for 100 epochs using YOLOv8l as the base architecture, achieved a precision of 74.2%, recall of 63.7%, mAP@0.5 of 0.748, and mAP@0.5:0.95 of 0.450 on the test set. The end-to-end command latency from vision inference to motor actuation is maintained below 25 ms under standard operating conditions. AUTES demonstrates that a lightweight, edge-driven perception-to-control pipeline operating entirely over standard Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocols can deliver autonomous, adaptive traffic enforcement behaviour on a cost-effective embedded UAV platform, establishing a scalable foundation for multi-class violation detection in smart city surveillance deployments

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autonomous UAV, traffic violation detection, YOLOv8, helmet detection, MQTT, ESP32, PD controller, visual servoing, anomaly scoring, smart surveillance, ESPFC, edge AI

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