Volume 14 | Issue 4 | April 2026

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic bronchitis is a major component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and is strongly associated with long-term smoking. Smoking cessation is the most effective intervention to slow disease progression. However, knowledge and attitude toward smoking cessation among patients remain inadequate in many settings. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding smoking cessation among chronic bronchitis patients. 2. To assess the attitude toward smoking cessation among chronic bronchitis patients. 3. To determine the association between knowledge and attitude scores with selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 chronic bronchitis patients in selected hospitals of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A structured knowledge questionnaire and Likert attitude scale were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed that 58% of patients had moderate knowledge, 28% had inadequate knowledge, and 14% had adequate knowledge. Regarding attitude, 62% showed a favorable attitude, 25% moderately favorable, and 13% unfavorable attitude. A significant association was found between knowledge and education level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that although patients have a moderately favorable attitude toward smoking cessation, knowledge levels remain insufficient. Structured educational interventions are recommended.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Chronic bronchitis, Smoking cessation, Knowledge, Attitude, COPD

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Pittaj Mukhapaka is a commonly encountered inflammatory and ulcerative condition of the oral cavity, characterized by burning sensation, pain, altered taste, and ulceration. Ayurveda describes it as a Pittaja Nanatmaja and Rakta Pradoshaja Vikara. Although several Ayurvedic formulations and local therapies have been studied for Mukhapaka, limited evidence exists comparing classical Ayurvedic Gandusha therapy with standard modern topical agents. Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of Triphaladi Kashaya Gandusha and Tannic Acid-Choline Salicylate Gel local application in the management of Pittaj Mukhapaka. Methodology: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with Pittaj Mukhapaka, divided equally into two groups. Group A received Triphaladi Kashaya Gandusha, while Group B received Tannic Acid- Choline Salicylate Gel for 5 days. Assessment was done using subjective and objective parameters on Day 1, Day 3, and Day 5. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired tests. Results: - Both groups showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in all parameters. Group A demonstrated higher percentage relief in Asya Daha, Asya Ruja, Asya Vairasya, and number of Vrana compared to Group B. Conclusion: Triphaladi Kashaya Gandusha showed superior clinical efficacy compared to Tannic Acid-Choline Salicylate Gel in the management of Pittaj Mukhapaka, with no adverse effects observed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gandusha; Oral ulcers; Pittaj Mukhapaka; Triphaladi Kashaya.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Product Rating System plays a crucial role in helping users make informed purchasing decisions in modern e-commerce platforms. Traditional rating systems often rely on simple averaging methods, which fail to capture complex user preferences and product characteristics

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Product Rating System, Deep Learning, Recommendation System, Sentiment Analysis, Rating Prediction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Chronic bronchitis, educational intervention, self-care, prevention, adults.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and mobile technologies has significantly reshaped the dynamics of English communication and language education. This research paper examines how digital environments are transforming linguistic practices, learning methodologies, and cultural frameworks associated with English. The study moves beyond the conventional perspective of technology as a neutral tool and instead conceptualizes it as an active force that influences communication patterns and educational structures. Using a qualitative and interpretive approach, the study explores key developments such as multimodal communication, AI-driven learning platforms, and smartphone-based linguistic interactions. These innovations have enhanced accessibility, flexibility, and learner autonomy, enabling users to engage with English beyond traditional classroom settings. However, the research also highlights critical concerns, including the decline of formal language structures, overdependence on automated systems, and reduced engagement with deep reading and analytical writing. The findings suggest that English is increasingly becoming a flexible, context-driven language shaped by digital interactions and global cultural exchanges. The study concludes that educational systems must adopt a balanced approach that integrates technological advancements while preserving critical thinking, linguistic accuracy, and cultural diversity. Such an approach is essential to ensure meaningful and sustainable language learning in the digital age.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Communication, Artificial Intelligence, English Language Learning, Mobile Learning, Cultural Transformation, Linguistic Practices

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Fly Ash, Steel Fiber, Compressive Strength, Sustainable Concrete.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Offline signature verification is an effective biometric authentication method with widespread applications in areas including finance, law, and security. However, because of variations in the way that each person writes, as well as the existence of highly skilled forgeries, distinguishing real from false signatures can be very difficult. As a result, a number of researchers have proposed various methods for investigating the validity of signatures by applying principles of image processing and machine learning. Typically, researchers will preprocess the image of the signature, extract features related to it, and then classify these features to determine if a signature is either real or false. Historically, researchers have used many different methods to accomplish signature verification, including Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Models, and Dynamic Time Warping, as well as more recently developing sophisticated detection models using deep learning architectures like Convolutional Neural Networks to improve accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey of the current methods for offline signature verification to detail the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In addition, by comparing the strengths and weaknesses of their methodologies, researchers and practitioners can gain insight into what types of improvements can be made to signature verification systems in order to enhance their accuracy and dependability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Signature verification, Forgery detection, Biometrics, Image processing, Machine learning.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Adolescents' psychological adjustment and overall well-being are influenced by attachment relationships and coping mechanisms. Due to being impacted by things such as parental deployment, frequent relocation, and parents being temporarily separated from them, children of defence personnel are more frequently thought to be at higher psychological risk than other children. Despite these assumptions, empirical research does not support this assumption with inconsistent findings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate attachment relationships, coping mechanisms, and psychological well-being among adolescents from both civilian and defence families. Quantitative cross-sectional data (comparing two groups of children) were collected. The sample included 30 children of defence personnel compared to 30 civilians (aged 14 - 18). The samples were compared using independent sample t-tests on the following standardized measures: Attachment Style, Brief COPE, and Psychological Well-Being (PWI) measures. No statistically significant differences were found between civilian versus defence personnel children regarding attachment, coping mechanisms, or psychological well-being. Thus, the findings suggest that a parent's occupational background does not solely determine the emotional adjustment of adolescents. This research highlights the role of familial and social supports in promoting adolescent well-being.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

attachment style, coping mechanisms, psychological well-being, adolescents, defence families.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Physical laws, Principles, Physical Expressions, Mathematical Formulation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

UniAccess is a low-cost, multi-modal accessibility assistant that enhances digital interaction for users with physical, motor, and speech impairments. It integrates eye-tracking, voice commands, and hand gesture recognition into a single platform, enabling seamless mode switching. Using technologies like OpenCV, MediaPipe, and SpeechRecognition, it allows real-time, hands-free control, improving accessibility, flexibility, and user independence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

eye-tracking, voice commands, and hand gestures

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition