Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This study examines the effects of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on the equity performance of Indian companies from 2020 to 2024, focusing on sectoral fluctuations in the adoption of ESG. The research examines the increasing importance of ESG practices. Part of this was implemented under regulatory framework conditions such as Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) introduced by the Securities and Exchange Commission of India (SEBI). This study analyzes how ESG values affect stock prices and considers the role of sustainability in improving financial stability and long-term value-added. Industry such as cement and metals facing greater regulatory pressures are becoming more ESG obligations. In contrast, sectors such as banks and real estate are lagging behind in ESG integration. In particular, this study shows that higher ESG values do not always correlate with stock price increases, and that other market variables also play an important role in stock reviews. Companies with consistent ESG performance, such as Infosys Ltd. and Hindustan Unilever Ltd, show market stability and strong investors' trust, highlighting the long-term benefits of ESG orientation. Nevertheless, there are clear indications of change in investor behavior compared to ESG-conscious investments. This reflects an increase in preference for companies that prioritize ethical practices and sustainability. As ESG reports become more standard, they are expected to play a more important role in the design of the company's performance and the financial markets of India, and for companies striving to adjust both sustainability, opportunities and challenges and profitability.

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 Keywords

Environment, Social and Governance (ESG); Equity Performance; Indian Companies; Sectoral Variation; Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR); Securities and Exchange Commission of India (SEBI); Sustainability; Financial Stability; Investor Behavior; Ethical Investment; ESG Report; Management; Midcap Company. Market assessment; strategic decision-making - creation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Slums have become an inevitable part of urbanization, especially in developing countries, where rapid population growth and migration have led to the expansion of informal settlements. These areas are often characterized by inadequate housing, poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water, and insufficient healthcare facilities. The socio-economic conditions of slum dwellers remain precarious, with limited employment opportunities, low incomes, and poor educational attainment. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of slum demographics, their spatial distribution, and the factors contributing to their growth. This study aims to analyze the trends in slum populations, assess the socio-economic conditions of residents, and examine the impact of urban expansion on the proliferation of slums. Additionally, the research explores the effectiveness of government policies and interventions aimed at slum redevelopment and rehabilitation. By identifying key gaps in existing programs, the study seeks to provide insights into sustainable solutions for improving the quality of life of slum dwellers. The research employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data. Secondary data from government reports, census records, and urban development agencies are analyzed to understand population trends and housing conditions. Field observations, interviews, and surveys provide firsthand insights into the challenges faced by slum residents. Statistical tools are applied to examine patterns of slum growth and the socio-economic impact of policy interventions. Findings indicate that slum populations continue to rise due to rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration. According to OpenCity Urban Data Portal, Pune has a total of 390 slums, including 269 notified and 121 recognized slums. The highest slum population is recorded in the "Sihagad Road" ward, with 115905 residents, while the lowest is in Kondhwa-Yewalewadi, with 4,890 slum dwellers. Despite policy measures, access to essential services such as clean water, sanitation, healthcare, and education remains inadequate. Economic instability and job insecurity further exacerbate poverty levels in slums. However, community-driven initiatives and targeted welfare programs have demonstrated positive outcomes in certain areas. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable urban planning, inclusive policy frameworks, and participatory governance to improve living standards in slums effectively.

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 Keywords

Slum, Urbanization, Urban Planning, Housing Conditions, Slum Population, Urban Poverty

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Religious endowments, historically rooted in spiritual and community service, face growing challenges in aligning with contemporary goals of sustainability, inclusivity, and global relevance. This paper explores progressive approaches to reforming religious endowment (waqf) systems to better serve diverse communities in a rapidly evolving world. Through an interdisciplinary analysis incorporating economics, ethics, and governance, the study proposes a framework for a sustainable and inclusive endowment model. Key recommendations include transparent management practices, integration with social and environmental objectives, and adaptive legal structures that accommodate both traditional values and modern needs. By reimagining endowments as tools for social justice, development, and global harmony, this research contributes to a forward-looking vision for religious institutions in the 21st century

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Inclusive Global Future; Sustainable; Religious Endowment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Given the disadvantages of global supply chain plans being controlled by a few countries, Global supply chains have been diversified to achieve regional goals. Countries that are Major sources of supply for some exports may "weaponize" their trade relations to Enhance their regional advancement. This brief article argues that while many measures Have been taken worldwide to combat such threats, efforts to improve supply chains Should be supported by financial support to reduce the costs associated with such re-Operations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Supply chain reorganization,COVID-19 pandemic,Supply chain resilience, Just-in-time (JIT), Supply chain diversification, Technology in supply chains (AI, Blockchain, IoT), Structural ambidexterity, Supply chain agility, Nearshoring / friend-shoring, Resource allocation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a great tool for the economic development of a country, Public-Private Partnership helps the public sector to utilize the skills and capital of the private sector to boost development. Many challenges are faced while restructuring in the wave of globalization and privatization. To successfully meet these challenges, the emergence of private-public partnerships is seen. Public-private partnerships assume a higher level of responsibility compared to traditional public-sector operations. PPP involves complex agreements between public and private entities. Today's India is one of the largest economies in the world. Therefore, good opportunities are available for Public-Private Partnership. The main requirement of any project is financing. The main advantage of PPP is that private entities provide financing. Many challenges are faced while restructuring in the wave of globalization and privatization. To successfully meet these challenges, the emergence of private-public partnerships is seen.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Public-Private Partnership, development of infrastructure

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The emergence of the sharing economy has significantly transformed the transportation landscape, reshaping how individuals access mobility services and how urban systems are managed. The sharing economy which has emerged and received much attention in the recent past is a pattern of exchange, whereby individuals can obtain the use of a resource without actually owning it. This kind of consumption changes the orientation from ownership of goods and property, to temporary use of objects such as automobiles, spaces for living and work, and different services. The sharing economy was launched with the primary aim of dealing with the under utilization of more resources, coming up with an enhanced device of fulfilling the consumer demand cheaply. In the context of transport, this economic model has created the so-called platforms of sharing, including and not limited to ride-sharing, car-sharing, biking-sharing, etc, which means access without ownership. Services like Uber, Lyft, and Cars are seen to have disrupted the transportation system since they link consumers with providers or users with vehicles or car-sharing services in a way that results in optimised utilization of the transport stock. This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the evolution, impact, and implications of the sharing economy in the transportation space from 2013 to 2023. Drawing upon 33 peer-reviewed and authoritative sources, the review analyzes key trends across sectors such as sharing economy, ride-hailing, car-sharing, micromobility, platform logistics, and policy frameworks. The study employs a structured review methodology, with inclusion criteria focused on transportation-related sharing models, and highlights publication trends and year wise representation of the scholarly research articles. The findings reveal that the sharing economy has influenced mobility patterns, urban planning, equity considerations, and sustainable transport policies. However, critical gaps persist in areas such as regulatory frameworks, equitable access, and platform labor practices. The review provides evidence-based insights for policymakers, transport planners, and academic researchers seeking to understand the complexities and future directions of shared transportation systems in an increasingly digital and urbanized world.

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 Keywords

sharing economy, car-sharing, mobility, platform economy, shared transport, urban mobility, sustainable logistics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India's dynamic economy and diverse workforce lead to good Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Medium-scale industries contribute significantly to employment generation and GDP. The effectiveness of HRM practices in these industries directly influences organizational performance and employee retention.

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A Study of HRM Practices and Its Impact on organizational performance and employee stability in medium scale industry"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Foundation of India's economy is made up of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs), which show a key role in manufacturing production, work formation, and monetary development. A sustainability of MSMEs in Ahmednagar district, where they are important to local livings, depend severely on the effectiveness of human resource management practices, specially staffing. With an importance on inspiring reasonable, diverse and real hiring and preservation policies amongst staffs, this study examines how inclusive business models might improve the staffing function inside MSMEs. Business models that sustainably incorporate low-income groups as workers, suppliers, distributors, or consumers are known as inclusive business models. These models place a strong emphasis on shared value, equity, and participation--all of which are becoming more and more important in the current socioeconomic environment. The study looks into how these models are used in Ahmednagar's MSMEs and how much they affect hiring procedures, from hiring and selection to training, development, and retention. The study uses a mixed-approaches methodology. Employees from a variety of industries in the Ahmednagar area, HR managers, and MSME owners are given standardized questionnaires to complete in order to gather quantitative data. In-depth interviews and case studies of particular MSMEs renowned for their creative staffing techniques provide qualitative insights. According to the report, inclusive business models enhance employee engagement, promote diversity in hiring, and lower turnover rates, all of which have a favourable impact on the staffing function. Additionally, they assist MSMEs in coordinating their HR strategy with long-term sustainability objectives and social responsibility. The survey does, however, also highlight the main obstacles MSMEs face when implementing inclusive practices, including a lack of formal HR structures, a lack of resources, and reluctance to change. To overcome these obstacles, policy proposals are put forth, such as the necessity of government incentives, capacity-building initiatives, and closer ties between MSMEs and institutions that provide skill development. The results highlight how inclusive business models may be used as strategic instruments to enhance worker quality and fortify the staffing function in MSMEs. MSMEs in Ahmednagar can improve their operational effectiveness and promote wider socioeconomic inclusion by embracing inclusivity. Thus, by providing useful insights for scholars, company executives, and policymakers, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on MSME development and inclusive business strategies.

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 Keywords

Business Models, Staffing, MSME.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Globalization has reshaped the global economy by integrating markets and boosting trade flows between nations. Developing economies like China and India have witnessed significant growth in their export sectors. This paper examines the garlic industry, highlighting China as the largest exporter to the US, while India's garlic is renowned for its strong aroma and pungent flavor. The study delves into the effects of globalization on these economies through the perspective of the garlic market. Garlic roots also play a crucial role in various industries, contributing to the economic importance of garlic cultivation. They are used in agricultural production, culinary applications, herbal medicine, soil health, and more. Various products and by-products can be derived from garlic roots, including herbal extracts, essential oils, soil conditioners, and pharmaceutical formulations. The comparative analysis between China and India highlights their differences in market share, production volume, quality, export pricing, and key markets. The results indicate that although globalization has delivered considerable economic advantages, it has also introduced challenges that necessitate strategic actions from policymakers and industry leaders.

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Chinese Garlic - The Largest Exporter to the U.S and India's Rising Competitiveness

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The gig economy has quickly changed how people work across the world. It is made up of short-term jobs, freelance tasks, and work that can be done on-demand. This type of work brings both good opportunities and serious challenges for businesses, workers, and governments. As technology keeps changing the way we work, it's important to create new and sustainable business models that support gig workers. These models should be fair, inclusive, and strong enough to survive future changes. This paper looks at how businesses can create such models in the gig economy. Using information from other research papers, reports, and case studies, it explores how gig work is shaping up in India and around the world. The paper talks about who gig workers are, what problems they face, like no job security or biased algorithms and how companies are starting to support them better. It also compares what different countries are doing to protect gig workers. The study highlights business ideas like platform cooperatives, mixed employment models, training programs, and better policies. It points out the gaps in Indian laws and gives suggestions on how public and private groups can work together to fix them. In the end, the paper stresses that smart and fair business models are key to making the gig economy work for everyone while also protecting workers' rights and ensuring long-term success.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gig economy, Gig workers, Platform Cooperatives, Worker Rights, Innovation and Sustainable Business models

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition