Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Physical laws, Principles, Physical Expressions, Mathematical Formulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

UniAccess is a low-cost, multi-modal accessibility assistant that enhances digital interaction for users with physical, motor, and speech impairments. It integrates eye-tracking, voice commands, and hand gesture recognition into a single platform, enabling seamless mode switching. Using technologies like OpenCV, MediaPipe, and SpeechRecognition, it allows real-time, hands-free control, improving accessibility, flexibility, and user independence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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eye-tracking, voice commands, and hand gestures

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Developing an effective model to identify uncertainties in real-world situations has been challenging due to incomplete, inconsistent, or ambiguous data. This research paper presents a new framework (FPNSM) basedon a five-component membership structure that extends current neutrosophic soft matrixes by enhancing and/or increasing uncertainty breakdown into levels of truth, contradiction, uncertainty, hesitation or falsity; enables users to create a more detailed and dynamic description of an undetermined (uncertain) piece of data. The FPNSM is developed by combining three theoretical components (fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets and soft set theory). It systematically defines the matrix structure, fundamental operations, and applicable properties of the various algebraic structures associated with the FPNSM. It provides an evaluative basis through the establishment of score/accuracy functions that allow an evaluator to rank their alternatives in a variety of uncertain, dynamic environments. A decision algorithm based on the FPNSM is provided to assist in making decisions based on multiple criteria. In addition, the effectiveness of the FPNSM methodology has been demonstrated through a case study; therefore, this research demonstrates how using the FPNSM can enhance the precision of the output produced when evaluating alternative options relative to an objectively and systematically determined standard of performance compared with existing processes. Subsequently, this research represents an important advancement in uncertainty modeling and provides an avenue for further research into the fields of decision support systems, engineering applications, and data analysis under variable/complex conditions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

soft set, Pentapartitioned neutrosophic soft set, fuzzy pentapartitioned neutrosophic soft set, fuzzy pentapartitioned neutrosophic soft matrix

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This work introduces the conceptual design of a RAG Based Learning Management System that harnesses semantic PDF analysis, vector-indexed storage, and intelligent module synthesis to offer each student a tailored study experience. Students supply two PDF inputs-- a set of Previous Year Questions (PYQ) and subject-specific study notes--which the system tokenises, chunks, and encodes into a persistent vector store through dense semantic embeddings. A Retrieval-Augmented Generation pipeline driven by the Gemini 2.5 large language model then cross-references retrieved chunks to produce cohesive study modules, each bundling curated YouTube video links, concise AI-drafted revision summaries, time-bounded MCQ assessments, and an interactive progress dashboard. A document-grounded conversational agent complements these modules by letting learners pose free-form questions against their own uploaded content. The overall stack pairs a FastAPI service layer with a React SPA presentation tier built with Vite and the YouTube Data API to yield a modular, scalable digital learning environment. Upon deployment, the system is anticipated to cut study-preparation overhead substantially while broadening syllabus coverage and sustaining higher learner engagement relative to conventional static platforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Personalized Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), Vector Databases, Semantic Embeddings, PDF Analysis, Adaptive Learning, Large Language Models (LLMs), FastAPI, React.js, Gemini API.

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Object detection is an important issue in computer vision. It enables computers to find objects in images and video streams automatically. This capability is crucial for many applications, including surveillance systems, self-driving cars, medical imaging, and automation. Traditionally, object detection relies on complex processes that involve proposing objects, extracting features, and classifying them. These processes can be resource-intensive. Recently, the field has progressed with the introduction of single-stage object detectors like YOLO (You Only Look Once). These detectors have significantly increased the speed of object detection while keeping accuracy high. This paper introduces a new object detection framework called VisionX. VisionX is a web-based system that uses deep learning object detectors and modern web technologies. Its goal is to create a unified framework for various object detection applications. The framework uses YOLOv8 for object detection. It supports multiple input sources, including images, video streams, and webcam feeds. VisionX is built with React for the frontend and Flask for the backend. It includes key features such as object model selection, dataset management, real-time detection, filtering objects based on confidence levels, and identifying suspicious objects for security purposes. The system processes input data through a series of steps, including data preprocessing, object detection with YOLOv8, filtering results, and visualizing the objects. Experimental results indicate that this object detection framework is effective in terms of accuracy and speed. It effectively connects machine learning object detectors with user applications. VisionX can be applied in various scenarios, such as surveillance systems, smart object monitoring, and AI-driven automation.

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Object Detection, YOLOv8, Computer Vision, Deep Learning, Real-Time Detection, React, Flask, Web-Based System, Surveillance Systems, Machine Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study aimed to compare the physical and physiological characteristics of youth football players aged 15-17 years from Kerala and Lakshadweep. A total of 200 male players (100 from each region) participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric variables, body composition, physical performance (agility, sprint, power, and flexibility), and physiological capacities (intermittent endurance and aerobic fitness) were assessed using standardized field-based tests. Independent samples t-tests were used to determine differences between groups. The results revealed no significant differences in anthropometric characteristics between the groups. However, Kerala players demonstrated significantly better performance in agility, linear sprint, curve sprint, flexibility, and intermittent endurance. In contrast, Lakshadweep players exhibited significantly higher aerobic capacity (VO?max). These findings suggest that while body composition remains comparable, performance-related attributes are influenced by region-specific factors such as training exposure and environmental conditions. The study highlights the importance of targeted training interventions to optimize performance in youth football players.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Football, Agility, Sprint, VO2max

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Banaphul is a renowned figure in the landscape of 20th-century Bengali literature. Although he is primarily recognized for his contributions to fiction, he was equally a successful artist in the realm of dramatic literature. 'Dashabhan' (1944) is a collection comprising ten of his one-act plays. From this anthology, we have selected three plays--'ShikKabab', 'Lehya', and 'Jal'--for the purpose of this analysis. In the play 'ShikKabab', the playwright vividly portrays the inner anguish of women within the patriarchal social structure of that era. Through the character of Soudamini, the dramatist depicts the attitude of certain hedonistic men toward the women of that time. Employing the metaphor of the dish Shik Kabab, he successfully encapsulates--within the concise scope of a one-act play--the moral degradation of men who lust after the female body like predatory beasts. The characters--the Zamindar, his sycophant Pannalal, and Jibandhan--serve as representatives of that very society. In the second play, 'Lehya', he presents a tableau of a social reality where young people are not required to demonstrate their competence to secure employment; rather, mere sycophancy toward leaders occupying high positions is sufficient to achieve success. Job seekers manage to obtain appointments--specifically for the post of Private Secretary--by merely "licking the boots" of those in power, without offering any proof of their actual qualifications. Here, Banaphul highlights the plight of educated Bengali youths--both male and female--residing outside Bengal, specifically in the region of Bihar. In the third play, 'Jol', he depicts the communal conflicts prevalent in colonial India in a novel and unique style. Through a scientific lens, he portrays this dialectical backdrop using the metaphor of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This conflict, in essence, serves as a microcosm of the discord between the Hindu and Muslim communities. At the conclusion of the play, the dramatist envisions a union between the two communities--a reconciliation akin to the scientific process wherein hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine to form the new compound: water. This research paper will explore how the multifaceted nature of contemporary social reality is reflected in these plays.

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Keywords: One-act play, social realism, 'Shikkabab', women's inner anguish, 'Lehya', unemployment problem, 'Jol', communal conflict.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Satire, Social Commentary, American culture, Conformity, Individuality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the contemporary educational system, a teacher is not merely a dispenser of knowledge; rather they serve as facilitators, a mentor and a psychologically influential figure. Consequently, a teacher's psychological well-being and job satisfaction directly impact the quality of their instruction. The present study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being among private school teachers in Howrah district, West Bengal. It also investigates differences in job satisfaction and well-being with respect to selected variables such as gender and type of institution (government and private). A quantitative research design was adopted for the study. Samples of 150 teachers were selected using appropriate sampling techniques. Data were collected using standardized tools, namely the Job Satisfaction Scale, Teacher Effectiveness Scale and Well-being Scale were used. The formulated hypotheses were tested using statistical techniques such as t-test and correlation analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between overall job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in job satisfaction and well-being with respect to gender and type of institution. The study concludes that job satisfaction and subjective well-being are complex constructs influenced by multiple factors. The findings suggest the need for improving institutional and psychological support systems to enhance teachers' overall well-being.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Psychological Well-being, Teaching Effectiveness, Job Satisfaction, School Teachers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including agents targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing antitumor immunity. However, their use is frequently complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with thyroid dysfunction being the most common endocrine manifestation. Understanding the incidence, mechanisms, and clinical implications of ICI-induced thyroid disorders is essential for optimizing patient care. Studies were analyzed for incidence rates, mechanistic insights, clinical features, and therapeutic recommendations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, immune-related adverse events.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition