Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Banking and monetisation in India have a long history of evolution. The study argues that the evolution of banking systems in colonial India was shaped by intricate interactions between colonial and indigenous economic interests. Specifically, the article examines the colonial economic considerations that were decisive in reshaping indigenous banking practices. The introduction of the European model of limited liability joint-stock banks in the second half of the eighteenth century marked the beginning of modern banking in India. The British-designed institutions primarily served the growing demand for credit in international trade. Over time, British colonial rule, along with Indian responses to imperial financial policies, led to the emergence of a highly sophisticated banking and monetary system with sufficient infrastructure to promote commerce and industrial agriculture. However, the post-independence interventions made by the Government of India revealed that the colonial banking policies had resulted in an uneven growth of banking facilities. In 1947, the majority of remote villages in India lacked access to modern banking services, highlighting the exclusionary nature of colonial financial institutions. This issue of unequal development prompted significant banking reforms, beginning with the establishment of the State Bank of India. By reviewing the evolution of modern banking institutions in India from the mid-eighteenth century up to 1947, this article shows how colonial banking policies, driven by the interests of the big business and commercialised agricultural activities created inequality in access to banking services. These contexts eventually necessitated post-independence policies aimed at democratising banking sector for financial inclusion, culminating in the nationalisation of banks in the 1970s.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Banking, Colonialism, India, monetary policy, hundi, Imperial Bank of India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Earth has witnessed and seen numerous living species. Many have left traces as stint for its survival and many has proved that to be wrong. Humans are only species who regard themselves to be naturally selected and has proved it vigorously by their travel and dominance. Their adaptation to changing environment and situations has proved them to be fittest with fight and rage to prove their survival with its own holistic perspective one such being the LGBTQ+ community. The article highlights about the problems faced by the community and the extent of social victimizing them. The initiatives taken by the law in extending the mechanisms of accessing justice. Furthermore, the efforts taken by Pro Bono in upbringing of these vulnerable. The article also lays emphasis on how to declutch the manacles and provides for appropriate mechanisms for elevating the community.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: LGBTQ+, Rainbow community, Transgender, Transpeople, Homosexual

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Kota tribe, an indigenous community in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, has preserved its unique cultural and religious practices for centuries. Despite their relatively small population, the Kotas possess a rich and complex system of rituals that reflect their deep connection with nature, ancestors, and the spiritual realm. This paper explores the untold stories of Kota rituals, shedding light on their birth and death ceremonies, their secretive temple worship, and their lesser-known musical and dance traditions. The study also examines the challenges faced by the Kota community in preserving their heritage amid rapid modernization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kota tribe, Nilgiri Hills, indigenous rituals, ancestral worship, tribal traditions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid proliferation of food delivery platforms such as Zomato and Swiggy has reshaped consumer dining behaviors and presented both opportunities and challenges for traditional restaurants. This research investigates consumer motivations, perceptions, and the broader implications of online food delivery services on traditional dining practices and restaurant operations. Through a structured survey of 200 consumers and 30 restaurant stakeholders, the study identifies key drivers for food delivery usage, including convenience, time-saving, lack of cooking skills, and promotional incentives, while also evaluating satisfaction levels and perceived impacts on value, quality, and social experiences. Hypothesis testing and statistical models reveal that while factors like convenience and discounts are commonly cited, lack of cooking skills emerges as the only significant predictor of reduced traditional dining. From the restaurant perspective, findings highlight mixed impacts on foot traffic, with varying levels of revenue dependency on food delivery platforms. Notably, restaurants face critical challenges such as increased competition from cloud kitchens, high commission rates, and declining profit margins. The study concludes that while food delivery services offer considerable consumer benefits, they also impose structural pressures on traditional dining models.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Food Delivery Platforms, Zomato, Swiggy, Consumer Behavior, Dining Preferences, Traditional Restaurants, Online Food Ordering, Convenience, Customer Satisfaction, Restaurant Strategy, Cloud Kitchens, Digital Disruption, Food Tech Industry, Service Quality, Consumer Motivation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis. While the concept of water stress is relatively new, it is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water for use during a period of time and may result in further depletion and deterioration of available water resources. Water shortages may be caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns including droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water. A water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted water within a region is less than that region's demand. Water scarcity is being driven by two converging phenomena: growing freshwater use and depletion of usable freshwater resources.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Water scarcity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review paper studies the various traditional practices of the North East region. The methods of farming system of the region seem to be homogenous with slight variations. Agriculture is not only an economic activity; it is the central them of the cultural identity but sadly there is a rapid decline in the traditional practices which may have a far-reaching adverse impact socio-economic system of the communities of North East. Jhum cultivation is found to be the most common method of cultivation along with terrace rice fields along the hill slopes. Besides rice, many other food crops are grown traditionally to meet the needs and not commercialize but with various socio-economic changes, the traditional practices and food crops are on the decline. There is diversification of crops through modernization with the intention to commercialize.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Jhum, wet terrace fields, sustainability, traditional knowledge system, homegarden

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's digital age, where technology influences every aspect of life, BookNest stands out as a unique platform that redefines the reading experience. By combining personalized book recommendations with community engagement, BookNest offers a space where readers can discover, share, and discuss literature. It creates an interactive environment that transforms the way people experience books by blending solitary reading with social interaction. Key features of BookNest include book exchanges, live discussions, and group reading sessions. These tools enable readers to connect with others who share similar interests, facilitating meaningful conversations around books and their themes. The platform goes beyond traditional reading by turning it into an engaging, social experience that encourages collaboration and community building. Readers can exchange books, discover new authors, and deepen their understanding of the literature through group interactions. In addition to promoting social engagement, BookNest advocates for sustainable reading practices. Through initiatives like book swapping and sharing, the platform encourages readers to make environmentally conscious choices while enjoying literature. These practices contribute to reducing waste and extending the lifespan of books, fostering a more sustainable approach to reading. This study explores how BookNest fosters literary interaction while promoting sustainable reading habits. It highlights the ways in which digital platforms can enhance our connection with books and other readers, offering valuable insights into the potential of technology to transform the reading experience. Ultimately, BookNest illustrates how blending technology with literature can create a richer, more connected way to engage with books in the modern world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

BookNest, Digital Reading Platform, Community Engagement, Book Exchange, Sustainability, Personalized Recommendations, Social Interaction, Literary Community, AI-powered Features, Reading Experience

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigated the scientific attitude of 5T secondary school students in Boudh district, Odisha due to gender (boys and girls) and locality (rural and urban). The research was followed by descriptive survey research method. A sample of 80 students (40 boys and 40 girls) from Boudh district were randomly drawn from eight sampled 5T secondary schools. These 8 sampled 5T secondary schools were randomly drawn from the three blocks (Boudh, Kantamal and Harabhanga) of Boudh district. The data were collected by using a self-prepared Scientific Attitude Scale contained five points by the investigators. For the analysis and interpretation of data, the researchers had used Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test. It was revealed from the study that there is no significant difference due to locality and there is significant difference due to gender.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Science, Scientific Attitude, 5T, Secondary school students, gender, and Locality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Prime number distribution has been a subject of extensive mathematical exploration, with profound implications in number theory, cryptography, and computational mathematics. Traditional analytical approaches often rely on deterministic algorithms and conjectures, such as the Prime Number Theorem and Riemann Hypothesis. However, recent advancements in machine learning (ML) offer novel perspectives for predicting prime number distributions using data-driven methodologies. This study explores advanced ML-driven regression models to analyze and predict the occurrence of prime numbers within numerical sequences. Various regression techniques are employed to approximate underlying patterns in prime distributions. Comparative evaluations based on accuracy, generalization ability, and computational efficiency highlight the most effective models for prime number prediction. The findings contribute to the growing intersection of machine learning and mathematical research, demonstrating the potential of ML-based regression models in number theory and complex sequence analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Prime Numbers, Machine Learning, Regression Models, Prime Number Distribution, Predictive Analytics, Number Theory, Data-Driven Approach, Computational Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper looks at how mental health is shown in literature through a comparison of Jane Eyre, Winnie the Pooh, and A Beautiful Mind. Each of these works, created in different time periods, gives a unique perspective on mental health. Jane Eyre explores themes of isolation, emotional struggle, and repression in the Victorian era, showing how mental illness was viewed and treated at that time. The story's portrayal of the main character's emotional battles reflects the era's limited understanding of mental health. In contrast, *Winnie the Pooh* presents mental health issues in a more child-friendly way, using its lovable characters to gently explore topics like anxiety, depression, and the need for support from friends. The story's focus on friendship and understanding provides a more compassionate view of mental health. By looking at these works together, the paper examines how attitudes toward mental health have changed over time. It shows how literature reflects society's evolving views on mental health, helping to understand both the past and present cultural perspectives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

English literature, mental health, psychology, society, social evolution, modernization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition