Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The placement of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) coils and the selection of pulse waveform currents are typically optimized to achieve a precise electric (E) field dosage in targeted brain regions. Enhancing TMS neuronavigation requires real-time, accurate visualization of E-field distributions on the cortex. In this study, we introduce a novel computational method and develop software that enables real-time E-field mapping with accuracy comparable to first-order finite element method (FEM) solvers. Our approach begins by generating a basis set (<400) of E-field distributions using white noise-induced magnetic currents on a boundary surface separating the head from allowable coil placements. These basis fields are orthogonalized to form computational modes. We then apply Reciprocity and Huygens' principles to calculate the fields induced by these modes using FEM, which are combined with real-time computed primary fields to construct the mode expansion. To validate our method, we compared real-time E-field computations with FEM-based simulations across eight subjects. We tested two head modeling pipelines (SimNIBS's 'headreco' and 'mri2mesh'), three coil configurations (circular, double-cone, and Figure-8), and 1,000 coil placements, resulting in a total of 48,000 simulations. Our solver achieves real-time E-field calculations in under 4 milliseconds (ms) using 400 modes, requiring less than 4 GB of GPU memory. This efficient solver facilitates seamless integration of E-field data into neuronavigation systems without introducing significant computational overhead. The software is publicly available at: GitHub Repository.

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 Keywords

real- time, transcranial magnetic stimulation, Huygens' principle, PMD, FEM, neuronavigation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Even though there's a global push to tackle human trafficking, many anti-trafficking policies just aren't doing enough to protect the victims. This shortfall often stems from weak enforcement, a lack of focus on the needs of victims, and support systems that just don't cut it. While many laws aim to punish traffickers, they often overlook the crucial aspect of helping survivors rebuild their lives, which leaves them at risk of being trafficked again. On top of that, issues like corruption, poor coordination between agencies, and not enough funding really weaken these efforts. In between what the law says and what really happens, the disconnect between it means that the victims often miss justice and they are in dire need of that care. In addition, strict immigration law can provide them with the safety instead of punishing the victims. To make a real difference, we need to strengthen anti-trafficking policies with solid enforcement, support that puts survivors first, and collaboration across different sectors. This article dives into the systemic issues within current anti-trafficking laws and offers some ideas for reforms that ensure legal frameworks are not only effective but also compassionate in meeting the needs of those who have survived trafficking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human trafficking, victim protection, law enforcement, policy failure, victim-centered approach, anti-trafficking laws, survivor rights, legal enforcement, systemic barriers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This places a great burden on the right to a speedy and fair trial -- a fundamental human right, which is vital to the rule of law and access to justice. It is enshrined in, among others, Article 21 of the Constitution of India, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) through different national and international legal orders. As the process of the trial is delayed, it becomes justice delayed for them, which leads to a distrust among the public also on the legal system. Getting to trial quickly means that an accused person does not endure a lengthy detention, unnecessary harassment, or disproportionate financial and emotional strains. It also avoids witnesses forgetting facts, provides timely justice to victims and improves overall efficiency in the judicial process. Just as the right to a fair trial ensures impartiality before the law, representation by a qualified attorney, proper cross-examination of evidence, and due process -- all rights of the accused and the victims. Constitutional rights to a speedy and fair trial are regularly reaffirmed by the courts, but that hasn't solved India's long-standing problem of massive judicial backlogs, inefficient investigations and arcane procedural rules. A multitude of reasons including overworked courts, the shortage of judges, slow investigatory processes and use of legal provisions to indefinitely adjourn hearings, which lead to delayed trials, and ultimately, are alchemy to justice denial. This article analyzes the constitutional provisions, judgments, and challenges in this direction. It discusses important case laws including Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979), Abdul Rehman Antulay v. R.S. Nayak (1992), and Raj Deo Sharma v. State of Bihar (1998), which give shape to the jurisprudence concerning the aforementioned right. Moreover, the paper investigates what sort of reforms need to be developed to overcome current challenges namely court infrastructure development, technology e-courts, ADR, stricter time deadlines for procedure and legal awareness. To sum up, though the right to speedy and fair trial is specially enshrined in the constitution and also in International Treaties and other documents yet, it has not been translated into practice simply due to the very nature of the legal business. Combating these issues will take many forms, such as reforms at the judicial level, policy changes and active stakeholder engagement in the justice system. Bold ensuring the timely and impartial administration of justice is essential for maintaining public trust in the judiciary, protecting human rights, and upholding the principles of democracy and the rule of law.

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 Keywords

Speedy Trial Fair Trial Article 21 Judicial Backlog Access to Justice Rule of Law Hussainara Khatoon Case Due Process Judicial Reforms Legal Delays Human Rights E-Courts Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Criminal Justice System International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Jeet Thayil's novels Narcopolis, The Book of Chocolate Saints, and Names of Women present a stark and compelling portrayal of contemporary socio-political issues, drug culture, artistic struggles, and gender perspectives, aligning them with the literary tradition of social realism. This research examines how Thayil's narratives expose the underbelly of urban India, its historical amnesia, and the existential dilemmas of marginalized individuals. Through the lens of social realism, the study explores themes such as addiction, power dynamics, artistic alienation, and the role of women in historical and contemporary frameworks.

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Keywords: Social realism, drug culture, artistic identity, gender narratives, urban marginality, existentialism, historical amnesia etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper we tried to demonstrate IOT based heart monitoring system with feature optimization techniques on (ECG image) dataset where we simulate the project using Arduino Uno and AD8232 heart sensor and pulse sensor and by using feature optimization techniques and feature extraction techniques on ECG image dataset for improving the accuracy and performance where it will reduce number of computations and time complexity. In this HOG feature extraction used for extracting the relevant features and eliminating the rest of features which are not important and by using PCA we only select the principal component of image to improve its accuracy by reducing the dimensions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT, ECG Images, Heart Monitoring, Feature Optimization, Machine Learning, Classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

By examining the connection between emotional intelligence (EI) competencies and successful leadership outcomes, this study explores the crucial role that EI plays in leadership development. A substantial positive link between EI and leadership effectiveness is found in the research, which uses a mixed-methods approach that includes both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with leaders and their subordinates from various organizational contexts. Results show that leaders with greater degrees of self-awareness, empathy, and social skills increase communication, strengthen team cohesion, and boost organizational performance. Notably, training programs that focus on developing emotional intelligence (EI) greatly increase leadership effectiveness. In order to maximize leadership potential and promote organizational excellence, this study emphasizes how crucial it is to incorporate emotional intelligence (EI) development into leadership training programs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Role Of Emotional Intelligence In Leadership Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project addresses the challenge of inefficient manual waste classification by proposing an automated system using the VGG deep learning architecture. A convolutional neural network, trained on a large, augmented dataset of waste images (paper, plastic, glass, metal, organic), is developed to accurately classify waste. The model's performance is evaluated against state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving waste management practices and reducing environmental pollution through accurate and efficient waste classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Machine Learning, Deep Learning, VGG Architecture, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Smart Waste Classification, Test Dataset, Automated Classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Posthumanism, Posthuman Identity, Body Politics, Gender Binaries, Androgyny, Speculative Fiction, Feminist Theory

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Banking and monetisation in India have a long history of evolution. The study argues that the evolution of banking systems in colonial India was shaped by intricate interactions between colonial and indigenous economic interests. Specifically, the article examines the colonial economic considerations that were decisive in reshaping indigenous banking practices. The introduction of the European model of limited liability joint-stock banks in the second half of the eighteenth century marked the beginning of modern banking in India. The British-designed institutions primarily served the growing demand for credit in international trade. Over time, British colonial rule, along with Indian responses to imperial financial policies, led to the emergence of a highly sophisticated banking and monetary system with sufficient infrastructure to promote commerce and industrial agriculture. However, the post-independence interventions made by the Government of India revealed that the colonial banking policies had resulted in an uneven growth of banking facilities. In 1947, the majority of remote villages in India lacked access to modern banking services, highlighting the exclusionary nature of colonial financial institutions. This issue of unequal development prompted significant banking reforms, beginning with the establishment of the State Bank of India. By reviewing the evolution of modern banking institutions in India from the mid-eighteenth century up to 1947, this article shows how colonial banking policies, driven by the interests of the big business and commercialised agricultural activities created inequality in access to banking services. These contexts eventually necessitated post-independence policies aimed at democratising banking sector for financial inclusion, culminating in the nationalisation of banks in the 1970s.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Banking, Colonialism, India, monetary policy, hundi, Imperial Bank of India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Earth has witnessed and seen numerous living species. Many have left traces as stint for its survival and many has proved that to be wrong. Humans are only species who regard themselves to be naturally selected and has proved it vigorously by their travel and dominance. Their adaptation to changing environment and situations has proved them to be fittest with fight and rage to prove their survival with its own holistic perspective one such being the LGBTQ+ community. The article highlights about the problems faced by the community and the extent of social victimizing them. The initiatives taken by the law in extending the mechanisms of accessing justice. Furthermore, the efforts taken by Pro Bono in upbringing of these vulnerable. The article also lays emphasis on how to declutch the manacles and provides for appropriate mechanisms for elevating the community.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: LGBTQ+, Rainbow community, Transgender, Transpeople, Homosexual

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition