Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper explores how companies are connecting SAP systems with other business applications in real-time. As businesses increasingly need instant access to data, old methods of batch processing have fallen short. We examine how organizations are implementing real-time connections between SAP S/4HANA, Business Technology Platform (BTP), and SAP Datasphere with cloud data warehouses like Snowflake, ultimately feeding this data to visualization tools like Power BI. We specifically investigate the roles of CDS views and Azure Data Lake Storage (ADLS) in modern SAP integration scenarios. Through real company examples and performance analysis, we identify what makes these integration projects successful and what challenges companies typically face. Our findings show that real-time integration is no longer just a technical nicety but a crucial business capability in today's competitive environment.

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 Keywords

ADLS, API Management, BTP, CDS Views, Change Data Capture, Cloud Data Warehouse, Data Governance, Data Replication, Datasphere, Event-Driven Architecture, Integration Patterns, Power BI, SAP S/4HANA, Snowflake, Real-time Integration, Semantic Layer.

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Abstract: This study investigates the influence of international tariff policies on the Indian agricultural sector focusing on both sectoral outcomes and policy implications. As a critical component of the Indian economy, agriculture is highly sensitive to global trade dynamics, particularly tariff regimes set by key international players. The research analyses the effect of tariffs imposed by major economies and multilateral trade agreements on Indian agricultural exports, imports, and domestic price volatility. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study evaluates trade data trends, policy frameworks, and case-specific scenarios involving commodities such as rice, wheat, cotton, and sugar. The findings highlight how international tariff changes impact farmer incomes, market access, and rural livelihoods, while also examining the Indian government's trade and support policy responses. India's trade policies regarding rice, wheat, cotton, and sugar have undergone significant changes between 2020 and 2025, influenced by domestic supply considerations, global market dynamics, and inflation control measures. Below is an overview of the import, export, and tariff developments for these commodities during 2020 to 2025. The paper concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing the sector's global competitiveness and policy adaptability in the face of an evolving trade landscape.

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 Keywords

Tariff, International Tariff, Tariff Policies

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 Abstract

In modern computing systems, achieving a balance between accuracy and power consumption is crucial. As technology gets smaller, it becomes harder for traditional methods to work efficiently. This is applicable even in tasks like videos, signal processing, where exact accuracy is not always needed. So, we go for approximate adders for applications in which accuracy is not significant but there is a need for reduced power consumption and delay. Approximate adders often skip some computations to achieve better performance in terms of energy efficiency and speed. The project focuses on the designing of exact mirror adder, two types of approximate adders single exact single approximate adder (SESA) and single exact dual approximate adder (SEDA) circuit using 18nm Fin FET technology. These circuits are evaluated using the Cadence virtuoso tool. SESA and SEDA have two modes of operation, exact mode for accuracy of the adder and approximate mode for low-power consumption. Using SESA and SEDA, modes can be shifted easily and also allow to vary the amount of approximation .To demonstrate the practical utility of the adders, applied SESA and SEDA architectures in two key application areas: image enhancement and checksum generation.

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 Keywords

Single Exact Single Approximate(SESA)Adders ,Single Exact Dual Approximate(SEDA)Adders, Power Gating, Image Enhacement Applications

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Preserving water quality is vital for sustaining aquatic life and maintaining ecosystem balance. This project extends the existing IoT-based water quality monitoring system by introducing an advanced alert mechanism based on real-time data from pH, turbidity, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensors. The system employs an Arduino (ESP32) microcontroller integrated with NEO GPS to accurately identify the location of water quality issues. Collected data is transmitted to the cloud and analyzed via the Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App. The system generates visual alerts as a red zone alert for poor water quality and a green zone alert for acceptable water quality, based on thresholds optimized for aquatic species. The system's capability to provide real-time, location-based alerts enhances monitoring efficiency and supports proactive measures to protect aquatic ecosystems.

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ESP32 microcontroller, GPS, Arduino IoT Cloud, Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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'Digital Payments' In A Globalized Framework Dr. Rashmita Sahoo* Mr. Nirmala Chandra Pattanayak** Dr. Akhaya Kumar Panda*** ABSTRACT Digital finance is a process of acquiring, using and distributing financial resources to economic factors such as people, households, businesses and governmental organisations through digital infrastructure which includes digital devices and associated digital technologies (Ozili, P.K., 2018; Siddik and Kabiraj, 2020). Digital finance comprises of a host of new financial services, products, businesses, software and innovative methods for customer engagement delivered through fintechs and providers of financial services (Gomber, Koch & Siering, 2017). The current article made an attempt to examine the impact of various socio-demographic factors such as (Age group, Gender, Education level, social stratification, Occupation and Annual Family Income) basically on the adoption of digitalized financial services such as (Credit / Debit Card, Pre-paid Card, Internet Banking, UPI, Mobile Wallets and Mobile Banking). There are two dimensions such as rural and urban. In order to accomplish the objectives a mixed research design has been adopted. The sample magnitude has been determined using Cochran's sampling technique. The determined sample size is 384; however, for better result double the determined sample size, (768) has been undertaken. However, only 660 responses have been received at an approximate response rate of 86%. A pre validated and structured questionnaire has been used to obtain the data from bank customers. Chi-Square test has been administered to test the association between the demographic profiles of the respondents with respect to level of adoption of digital financial services. Cramer's V alongside chi-squared estimates to provide a clearer understanding of effect sizes in studies involving nominal variables. It has been concluded that all the socio demographic variables such as Age Group, Gender, Social Stratification, Occupation and Annual Income are significantly associated with UPI and Internet banking in rural areas whereas all the socio demographic variables in urban areas are significantly associated with UPI, Internet banking and mobile banking. * Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar. ** Nirmal Chandra Pattnayak, Research Scholar, P.G. Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar. *** Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar.

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 Keywords

Key Words: digital finance, fintech, Socio-demographic factors.

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This study delves into the nuanced portrayal of tribal human rights issues within Malayalam cinema, examining how these films visually and narratively construct the lived realities and struggles of indigenous communities in Kerala, India. Through a rigorous critical discourse analysis of selected Malayalam films, this research identifies recurring thematic patterns, visual motifs, and narrative strategies employed to depict the complex experiences of tribal populations, including land rights violations, cultural erosion, and systemic social marginalization. The study posits that Malayalam cinema serves as a pivotal platform for amplifying marginalized tribal voices, challenging dominant socio-political narratives, and advocating for the recognition and protection of indigenous rights. By meticulously analyzing the intersection of cinematic representation, human rights discourse, and tribal identity, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cinema's role in shaping public discourse and fostering social justice in India, particularly concerning indigenous communities.

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 Keywords

Visualization, Malayalam films, tribal issues, human rights, indigenous representation, critical discourse analysis, social justice, land rights, cultural erosion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Creating Images Descriptions is a critical interdisciplinary research field, involves generating descriptive text for visual content using deep learning models and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The objective of this project is to develop an automated system that accurately analyzes and describes images, bridging the gap between visual and linguistic information. Through the integration of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), this project utilizes the feature extraction capability of CNNs to capture key visual attributes of images, followed by RNNs, particularly Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which process these features to generate coherent and contextually relevant captions. This project involves multiple phases: dataset collection and preprocessing, model training, and caption generation. A large, annotated dataset such as MS COCO or Flickr30k serves as the foundation, providing both images and associated textual descriptions to train the model effectively. The model undergoes supervised learning to understand complex patterns and associations between visual features and language, allowing it to describe new images accurately. Transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques further optimize model accuracy, making it adaptable to diverse image types. Furthermore, NLP techniques like tokenization and embedding enhance the language model's ability to generate fluent and contextually precise captions. This image captioning model has significant applications, including assisting visually impaired individuals, automated content generation, and enhancing image retrieval systems. The project aims to achieve a robust, scalable solution that contributes meaningfully to AI-driven accessibility and automated interpretation of visual media.

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 Keywords

Image Captioning, Deep Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Transformer Models, MS-COCO Dataset, Flickr8k Datasets, BLEU Score, CIDEr Score.

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Concrete is a composite material,which is composed by ordinary Portland cement,water and also included granular aggregates which are fine aggregate and coarse aggregate .The increasing demand for sustainable and high-performance construction materials has led to the exploration of alternative cementitious materials. This study investigates the potential of M30 concrete grade having a partial replacement of cement by natural zeolite , focusing on its effects on self-curing properties and strength enhancement. Zeolite, a naturally occurring aluminosilicate, is known for its high water retention capacity and pozzolanic activity, making it a promising candidate for improving concrete performance. In this research, different replacement levels of cement with zeolite by 5%,10%,15%,and 20% of cement weight were evaluated for their impact on workability, hydration, compressive strength, and self-curing efficiency. To evaluate the performance of this modified concrete, both fresh and hardened properties are analyzed. Fresh properties, such as workability and slump, are tested to ensure the concrete mix remains practical and easy to handle during placement. Hardened properties, including compressive strength and split tensile strength are measured after 7days and 28 days.To understand the performance of concrete at different levels of zeolite Powder replacement,the cubes were cast and evaluated after seven and twenty-eight days.The best percentage of replacement of zeolite in cement is calculated by performing tests on the cubes casted with zeolite replacement ratios in concrete.

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 Keywords

Zeolite, Superplatisicer, M30 Grade , Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength.

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The research focuses on key GHRM practices such as green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, employee participation in environmental initiatives, and green compensation and rewards. The study investigates how these practices contribute to improved organizational outcomes such as cost efficiency, employee productivity, corporate image, regulatory compliance, and sustainable innovation.

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 Keywords

Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Corporate Performance, Sustainable HR Practices, Environmental Sustainability, Green Recruitment, Green Training and Development.

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This paper analyzes the effect of reforms on the 'free and fair' elections of India in the context of democracy, revealing the shortcomings of democracy in Indian perspective, especially concerning election sobriety and minimal conditions for actually free elections. The Indian experiment of democracy in creating an electoral system after the Indian Constitution is an indicator of the growth of democratic ethos in the nation and the radical changes desired by enlargement of suffrage, honesty in elections, and minimization of malpractices. The country's electoral system modernization was facilitated by the People's Representation Act, the growing role of the Election Commission of India, and the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs). Despite these reforms, the electoral system of India continues to experience persistent challenges. The research targets critical concerns of modern-day elections such as the social and conventional muscle resources, increasing political influence of prisoners, breach of political norms, and cyber political battles via social media. Such issues threaten the sovereignty of a democratic nation and have much graver consequences in the long-term democratic process. The paper also examines the laws that are tied to the Constitution governing elections in India with specific focus on the role of democracy in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electoral Reforms, Democracy, India, Constitutional Perspectives, Free and Fair Elections

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition