Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Bioethanol is a global issue on the effort to be reduced global pollution, contributed significantly by the petroleum or diesel combustion or combination of both. With the help of developing technology and promising researches, the Ginger and the Pineapple peels are utilized as biomass to bioethanol production due to its substantial amount of carbohydrates that can be converted into fermentable sugar. In this study, the effect of fermentation pH was investigated. The concentration of yeasts was first standardized. After standardization, the Ginger and the Pineapple peels were subjected to a dilute-acid pre-treatment using 2.5% (v/v) sulphuric acid for 2 hours at 90? yielding 0.4% (w/v) reducing sugar. The resulting solutions after hydrolysis are then subjected to fermentation at different pH readings. Values of pH from 4.0 to 6.0 with an increment of 0.25 are used in the investigation of pH. The adjustment of pH was done with 1.0 M Sodium hydroxide solution and pretreated substrate used. The fermentation broth subjected to pH 5.5 gave the maximum ethanol concentration of 8.6% (Ginger) and 8.8% (Pineapple). The optimization method discussed in the present study leading to be relatively high bioethanol production could provide a promising way for production with cellulose content.

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 Keywords

Bioethanol, Zingiber officinale, Ananus comosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) communication is widely used in embedded systems, FPGA-based designs, and serial communication interfaces due to its simplicity and efficiency [1]. This paper presents an optimized FPGA-based UART module implemented using Verilog, designed for low latency, high-speed data transmission, and robust error handling mechanisms [12]. Traditional UART designs suffer from synchronization issues, baud rate mismatches, and inefficient buffering, leading to data corruption and transmission delays [3], [7]. To address these challenges, we propose a novel UART architecture with FIFO buffering, parity-based error detection, and baud rate optimization techniques [11], [14]. The proposed system ensures high reliability in real-time data transmission, making it suitable for IoT, industrial automation, and wireless communication applications [4], [19]. Compared to conventional implementations, our FPGA-based design achieves a 35% improvement in data throughput and a 28% reduction in latency [6], [9]. We also integrate an adaptive baud rate controller that dynamically adjusts based on the system clock frequency, reducing clock mismatches [10], [16]. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, validated on an FPGA prototype with varying baud rates ranging from 9600 to 115200 bps [8], [18]. Performance analysis confirms that our design outperforms existing UART implementations in terms of efficiency, scalability, and power consumption [5], [15]. This research contributes significantly to high-performance FPGA-based communication protocols [2], [13].

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FPGA, UART, Serial Communication, Verilog, Baud Rate Optimization, Error Detection, Low-Latency Design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Feminism, Gender Roles, Patriarchy, Identity, Social Realism, Women's Autonomy, Self-Discovery, Cultural Constraints etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study focuses on the biomass and its parameters of the four plant species, namely Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis, Mangifera indica and Madhuca longifolia, in the Ambikapur region of Chhattisgarh, India. It also investigates potential for biomass production, growth parametric as well as carbon sequestration prospects of such species. Tectona grandis showed the highest growth and biomass yield, implying the possibility of using this species for biomass production and carbon sequestration programmes. Importance of these species for environmental sustainability and social development speaking in the region.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biomass, Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis, Mangifera indica, Madhuca longifolia

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Soil erosion is a severe environmental problem that leads to the deterioration of arable land, poor agricultural production, and susceptibility to natural disasters such as floods and landslides. Early detection and continuous monitoring of soil erosion are essential for effective land management and sustainable development. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based soil erosion detection technique using the Gradient Boosting algorithm. Gradient Boosting is a powerful ensemble learning method that creates predictive models by ensembling a number of weak learners to achieve high accuracy and robustness. The proposed system integrates multisource environmental data, including satellite imagery, topographic attributes, rainfall intensity, soil texture, and vegetation indices, to train a gradient boosting classifier model to distinguish between erosion-prone and stable regions. The model's performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score measures, demonstrating the model's effectiveness in handling complex, non-linear relationships in environmental datasets.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Coastal Erosion, Artificial Intelligence, Erosion Prediction, GIS-based modelling , Machine Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Birth Certificate Generation using Blockchain presents the design and implementation of a digital birth certificate generation system that automates and secures the process of birth certificate issuance. The system leverages modern technologies such as blockchain, cryptographic security, and cloud-based databases to streamline and safeguard data handling, making it resilient against tampering and fraud. Through a robust identity verification process and real-time data integration with health institutions, the system enables accurate recording of birth data and rapid certificate issuance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain platforms, smart contracts, birth certificate generation, systematic literature review, security and transparency, fraud prevention, ethereum, automatic certificate generation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Dehadi Korwa of Bagicha, Chhattisgarh, India, this study looks at mortality rates. The study found that a number of factors, many related to socio-economic status or health, contributed to the high rate of mortality. The analysis looks at access to and effectiveness of healthcare, as well as how to improve health outcomes for this vulnerable group.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dehadi Korwa, mortality rate, tribal health, Chhattisgarh, healthcare access, socio-economic factors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Egg Incubator Poultry Farming Microcontroller-based Incubator Arduino Uno Temperature and Humidity Control PID Control Forced-Air Circulation Cost-Effective Design Small-Scale Farming Hatchability Rate DIY Incubator Low Power Consumption Automation in Poultry Affordable Incubation Systems Rural Agriculture Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: - Cannabis is the third most popular substance used in the world, and its use has been rising. The research is undertaken to examine the impact of cannabis addiction on a person's physical, mental, and emotional stability. This review identifies gaps in the literature and the findings from earlier research, which will also suggest subjects that require more thorough and advanced research. Method: - A systematic review has been done by following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria on research from 2020-2025. Researches were extracted from PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases. MMAT (Mixed Method Assessment Tool) 2018, tool was used to critically examine the manuscripts. Conclusion: - Out of 110 articles identified, 7 articles were included in the final review. It is evident from the analysis that smoking cigarettes and using cannabis can have a detrimental effect on one's family, profession, and well-being. However, additional research can be done to examine the effects based on other factors, such as lifestyles, members of particular groups, and geographical circumstances.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: "cannabis", "cigarettes" "well being", "career" and "family".

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the concept of real-time image filtering in video streams, focusing on enhancing visual communication during live interactions. Real-time image filtering allows users to apply various effects--such as black-and-white or cartoonish filters--instantly during video calls, creating an engaging and dynamic experience. By capturing live video feeds from users' cameras, the application processes each frame to apply selected filters, ensuring that changes are displayed without noticeable delay. This interactivity fosters spontaneity and creativity, enabling users to switch filters on the fly and share their experiences on social media platforms. The project aims to develop a user-friendly application that not only enriches personal interactions but also encourages self-expression in a fun and visually appealing manner. Ultimately, these frame processing, opencv, webRTC and FlaskAPI technology enhances the way we communicate, making digital interactions more lively and enjoyable.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Video stream, Image filters, OpenCV, Frame processing, webRTC, FlaskAPI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition