Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Kerala's film society movement, spanning six decades, wove art and activism into a vibrant cinematic tapestry, transforming Malayalam cinema and joining global film debates. This study traces its path through three eras, revealing how cinema became a communal force amid tensions of taste and access. In the 1960s and 1970s, societies like Chitralekha sparked a love for world films, fostering the Malayalam New Wave with works like Swayamvaram, yet faced claims of urban elitism. The 1980s saw collectives such as Odessa carry political tales like Amma Ariyan to villages, redefining cinema as a call for justice, though debates over artistry's role simmered. By the 2000s, festivals like IFFK and digital platforms like M Sone revived cinephilia, showcasing Ee.Ma.Yau and nurturing bold voices, but new divides through passes and connectivity persisted. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's taste framework, archival records from India's film vaults, and voices of activists and festival goers, the research shows cinema's power to unite and challenge. Kerala's story echoes global cinephilia, from Susan Sontag's theater reverence to Third Cinema's revolt, offering a postcolonial lens on film's social role. Its resilience, adapting from reels to streams, highlights a model for cultural survival, yet gaps in rural reach and women's roles urge further study. For scholars of film and culture, this saga probes how cinema bridges local lives and universal questions, pointing to new paths in digital access, gender, and global comparisons.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Film Society, Malayalam Cinema, Cinephilia, Film Festival, Aesthetics, Activism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The dual impact of dams and reservoirs, acknowledging their benefits in flood control, water supply and energy generation while emphasizing their significant negative effects on the environment and communities. This study seeks to establish a methodological framework for assessing, predicting and mitigating these adverse impacts, with a focus on environmental preservation and sustainable alternatives for affected communities. The negative consequences include environmental degradation, habitat destruction, altered ecosystems and community displacement leading to social upheaval and livelihood losses. The study underscores the importance of sustainable and inclusive planning on environmental aspects and socio-economic, highlighting long-term challenges like shifting cultivation, deforestation and spatial advocacy for comprehensive approaches integrating sustainable land use practices and community-focused development strategies and provide insight to planners to draw the best mitigation measures to cope with the long-term post-effect of dam towards the environment and people.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dam catchment, Environmental sustainability, Displaced communities, Shifting cultivation, Inclusive planning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents an automated waste segregation system designed to classify and sort waste into four categories: metals, glass, plastic, and wet. The system uses a Wifi module, along with a camera module to capture images and sensors to detects the metals and moisture. These images undergo processing to extract important features that help in classification. The classification process is performed using the algorithm YOLO (You only look once) algorithm. which compares these features with a predefined dataset to determine the type of waste materials. Once categorized, the system uses a stepper motor-driven automated sorting mechanism that directs each item into its designated bin, reducing manual labor and ensuring proper waste disposal. By improving classification accuracy and efficiency, this system contributes to a more effective recycling process, making it a promising solution for automated waste management in various applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Waste Segregation, YOLO algorithms, Wifi module, Image Processing, Automated Sorting, Recycling, Sustainable Waste Management.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Underwater mine detection,Rock classification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents an Automated Multi-Size Radiator Cleaning System designed to adapt to various radiator dimensions. The system utilizes a servo-driven ball screw mechanism for precise movement, ensuring thorough cleaning without manual intervention. Advanced sensor-based adaptability allows dynamic path adjustments, optimizing efficiency for different radiator configurations. By integrating automation, this system enhances radiator performance, extends equipment lifespan, and reduces operational costs. Industrial cleaning automation improves operational efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness by reducing manual labor, minimizing downtime, and ensuring consistent, high-quality results. Radiators, essential for effective engine cooling, accumulate dust, oil, and debris, leading to performance degradation, overheating, and increased maintenance costs. Conventional cleaning techniques are inefficient, labor-intensive, and inconsistent, making automation a necessary solution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

radiator cleaning, automation, Servo-Driven Mechanism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide accounting for almost 13% of death in the world. Cancer is often perceived as a disease that strikes for no apparent reason. While scientists do not yet know all the reasons. Many of the causes of cancer have already been identified beside intrinsic factors such as hereditary diet and hormones etc. Scientific studies point that there are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to cancer development. Anti-oxidants are present in our food components which provides preventive measures against Cancer and many other disease conditions. Antioxidants counteract the effects of free radicals and reduces the damage caused by oxidative stress. The excessive free radical formation and oxidative stress are the most common factors responsible for cancer like disease conditions. The only thing is to know about this type of food intake and a healthy life style. Now let us know about the antioxidants, free radicals, and oxidative damages.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Antioxidants, Free radicals, Oxidative damages, Cancer

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Natural dyes made from plants are becoming more and more well-liked because they are sustainable and kind to the environment. In order to dye fabrics using a natural mordant made from banana peels, this study looks into the process of extracting dye from Alkanna tinctoria, also known as alkanet root, an old source of red and purple dyes. The goal of the study is to assess the dyed fabric's colour fastness by putting it through a variety of tests on a hobo bag, such as rubbing, washing, and exposure to sunshine. The banana peel mordant was chosen for its environmentally beneficial qualities, providing a substitute for synthetic mordants, while the alkanet bark was picked for its potential for rich colour. Tannins found in banana peel improve the dye's durability and absorption on textiles, resulting in a vivid yet long-lasting hue. After soaking the alkanet bark in water, the extracted dye was applied to fabric that had already been treated with a banana peel mordant. Several tests of fastness were performed to evaluate the performance of the coloured fabric is sunlight fastness (exposing the cloth to prolonged UV radiation), washing fastness (using various detergents and wash cycles), and rubbing fastness (both dry and wet). The fabric mordanted with banana peel and dyed with alkanet bark demonstrated acceptable to good colour fastness in every test, according to the results. There may be a need for more dyeing process optimization since the dye displayed a moderate resilience to rubbing and sun exposure, with a small fading seen after prolonged washing cycles. This work offers important insights into the feasibility of employing alkanet bark for dyeing using banana peel as a mordant, highlighting the possibilities of integrating natural plant-based dyes and mordants for sustainable textile applications. The encouraging outcomes imply that these natural dyeing methods might be expanded for usage in environmentally aware fashion, particularly in artisanal and handcrafted goods like hobo bags. To achieve industry standards for colour fastness, more research into enhancing the dyed fabrics' durability and vibrancy is advised.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Alkanet bark, Natural dye, Sustainable dye, Rich colour, tie and dye, Handcrafts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Face morphing attacks pose a significant threat to identity verification systems by seamlessly blending multiple identities into a single facial image. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach for detecting morphed images using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed to identify GAN-generated artifacts and forensic inconsistencies. Our system dynamically loads or generates a detection model, ensuring adaptability to new morphing techniques. Additionally, we implement image forensics techniques, including noise analysis, edge consistency, JPEG compression artifacts, and hue variation detection, to enhance classification accuracy. A user-friendly graphical interface, developed using Tkinter, provides real-time feedback on the authenticity of an image by displaying real and morphed scores along with detailed forensic analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in distinguishing real and morphed images, making it a robust solution for face morphing detection in security applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Face Morphing Detection, GAN-Based Forgery, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Image Forensics, Identity Verification, Deep Learning, Morphing Attack Detection, Noise Analysis, Edge Consistency, JPEG Compression Artifacts, Hue Variation, Tkinter GUI, AI-Based Security.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine, metabolic, and genetic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Conventional treatments often target specific symptoms but come with risks and adverse effects. This review highlights the efficacy of a tea bag formulation containing Ashoka, Shatavari, Lodhra, Guduchi, and Haritki in reducing PCOS symptoms. These herbs improve ovarian morphology, lower hyperandrogenism, and exhibit hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, and hormone-regulating qualities. The tea bag formulation offers a safe, effective, and convenient management strategy for PCOS, with no documented adverse effects. This review aims to compile existing research on the use of herbal formulations, particularly the tea bag formulation, as a supplemental management strategy for PCOS.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PCOS, herbal formulation, tea bag, Ashoka, Shatavari, Lodhra, Guduchi, Haritki.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Microfinance is often viewed as a catalyst for poverty reduction and inclusive growth, yet its true impact at the grassroots level remains contested. This study explores the socio-economic outcomes of microfinance participation in two active districts of West Bengal--North 24 Parganas and Hooghly. Focusing on 100 beneficiaries, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression. The study examines income generation and employment, women empowerment, savings and asset creation, access to basic amenities, and challenges faced by users. Findings indicate that long-term MFI involvement positively influences income levels, employment opportunities, financial independence among women, and access to essential services. However, issues such as limited financial literacy, uneven impact, and persistent debt remain challenges. The study recommends targeted interventions, enhanced borrower education, and inclusive strategies to optimize the developmental impact of microfinance institutions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MFI, Socio-economic Impact, Poverty alleviation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition