Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Menstrual hygiene is a crucial aspect of every girl and woman's life, yet awareness about menstruation, the physical and physiological changes during puberty, and the proper practices for menstrual management remains limited. To address this issue, a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was implemented. The study was conducted on 120 girl students from classes 6th, 7th, and 8th at Desh Bhagat Global School, Mandi Gobindgarh, located in the Fatehgarh Sahib district. A two-stage sampling method was used. First, the school was selected through a convenient sampling technique. In the second stage, 120 participants were chosen from the selected school using the same method. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess the participants' knowledge of menstrual hygiene. The findings revealed that, in the post-test, 62% of the girls demonstrated an average level of knowledge, 25% showed a high level of understanding, and 13% had a low level of awareness about menstrual hygiene. A comparison of pre-test and post-test results showed a significant improvement in knowledge. The mean score increased from 10.54 in the pre-test to 21.84 in the post-test, indicating a statistically significant difference at the p<0.05 level. This result suggests that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the participants' knowledge of menstrual hygiene. Overall, the study concludes that educational interventions, particularly those using visual aids, can play a key role in improving menstrual hygiene awareness among adolescent girls.

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 Keywords

Video assisted teaching program, Knowledge, Menstrual Hygiene, Menarche Girls.

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Sign language is a crucial mode of communication for individuals with hearing and speech impairments. However, the gap between sign language users and non-sign language speakers creates communication barriers in daily life. This project aims to bridge this gap by developing a system that converts sign language gestures into text and speech using computer vision. The system utilizes a real-time camera feed to capture hand gestures, which are then processed using deep learning techniques for accurate classification. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and advanced machine learning models are employed to recognize and interpret gestures, ensuring high precision. The captured gestures are mapped to corresponding words or phrases, which are then converted into text and speech output, enabling effective communication. The proposed system eliminates the need for additional hardware, relying solely on a standard camera and software-based processing. By leveraging OpenCV and deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch, the system can recognize dynamic and static gestures

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 Keywords

Real-time Sign Language Translation, Computer Vision, Deep Learning, Gesture Recognition, Text-to-Speech (TTS) Conversion, American Sign Language (ASL).

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A user-friendly Android Application, Named BIT Campus Navigation App, has been developed for the convenience of guests, faculty and students for the BIT College. This app provides plain and simple information to help you to search the building, room or office you are looking for. It will show accurate directions all thanks to Google Maps integration, satellite display and clearly marked boundaries of this campus. It will give clear directions using google maps with the app, users can easily find particular rooms, labs, offices, etc. An Android based easy mobile application BIT Campus Navigation is specially developed for the visitors, faculty and students for BIT College. This app gives simple, information about the campus which allows you to find the building, room or offices labs you're looking for. We can search for contacts, rooms, labs, offices and other information which we are needed. That would be because it was written in Kotlin, and Jetpack Compose.

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 Keywords

BIT Campus Navigation, Android App, Campus Navigation, Visitors, Google Maps Integration, Satellite View, Kotlin, Jetpack Compose.

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Part time student employees are students who are working as an employee only a part amount of time after their college hours. Mostly these student employees are often dealing with challenges called work time schedules. The balance of work time schedules and their college hours is important in that they have to priorities their mental as well as physical health. Dealing with mental stress while managing academics and the work pressure is an important factor. In this literature review, the studies showed that part time employment can be a tool for learning skills and networking. Also mentioning about the health issues that occur during the working time. Overseas, mostly 70% of the student employees are working part time. Only in India, people are skeptical about working part time. There are a lot of insights showing that it is important to balance life and working part time and also academics. The better environment and positive environment are necessary for the part time student employees to work efficiently and study effectively.

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 Keywords

work time, employees, students, academics, part time

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Medication adherence is a cornerstone of effective healthcare, especially in chronic disease management. Non-adherence can undermine therapeutic efficacy, increase healthcare costs, and result in poor health outcomes. This paper reviews the definitions, determinants, consequences, and evidence-based interventions for improving adherence, supported by scientific literature.

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 Keywords

Medication adherence * Chronic disease management * Non-adherence * Therapeutic efficacy * Healthcare costs * Health outcomes * Definitions * Determinants * Consequences * Evidence-based interventions * Improving adherence * Scientific literature

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J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire are renowned for their grand conflicts and richly imagined worlds, yet both also explore the often-unseen tensions between the powerful and the disenfranchised. This study investigates how these fantasy epics depict class struggle, economic inequality, and acts of resistance, dismantling the illusion of a stable, just feudal society. Though Tolkien's Middle-earth presents a more romanticized vision compared to Martin's gritty Westeros, both narratives expose the fractures in their social orders--whether through the quiet resilience of ordinary folk or the outright revolts of the downtrodden. Using a comparative approach, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of power and dissent in these fictional realms. In The Lord of the Rings, the Shire's egalitarian simplicity clashes with Saruman's industrialized tyranny, while Aragorn's ascension to the throne subtly reaffirms traditional hierarchies. Conversely, A Song of Ice and Fire unflinchingly portrays the brutality of feudal oppression, with movements like the Brotherhood Without Banners and the Faith Militant embodying the rage of the exploited. Despite their differing ideological leanings, both authors embed sharp critiques of concentrated power and wealth, though Tolkien's conservative resolution contrasts with Martin's ongoing cycle of rebellion. Drawing on Marxist and materialist perspectives, this research contends that fantasy literature does more than offer escape--it reflects and interrogates real-world systems of domination. The struggles between lords and laborers, or between rulers and the ruled, echo historical and contemporary conflicts over resources and autonomy. By examining these themes, the paper reveals how even mythic storytelling engages with the enduring question of who benefits from societal structures--and who pays the price.

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 Keywords

Wealth Power Rebellion Class Conflict Hidden Revolt The Lord of the Rings A Song of Ice and Fire Social Hierarchy Feudal Systems Political Power Economic Disparity Revolutionary Movements Resistance Aristocracy Peasant Revolt Character Archetypes Fantasy Literature Symbolism of Power Ideology and Class Cultural Representation Economic Oppression Fantasy Politics Rebellious Heroes Power Dynamics Narrative of Rebellion

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This study inspects India's role in comprehensive growth before, during, and after its G20 presidency. A mixed-method style is utilized, uniting descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative visions. The paper uses graphs and statistical data to measure India's digital transformation and clean energy initiatives, gathered from authentic sources like the WTO, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, and the RBI. Moreover, to understand the challenges India faced before its presidency, how these challenges were addressed, and how India emerged as a global leader in inclusive growth, this paper has analysed the case studies, official reports, and research papers. The paper particularly highlights India's focus on the Global South, its role in restructuring international institutions, and its efforts to redesign global authority for impartial development.

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G20, India, presidency, global governance, achievements, challenges, sustainable development, economic cooperation, climate change, global south, renewable energy, food security,

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This paper proposes a transformative educational framework that unites ancient Indian philosophical insights with contemporary global pedagogical paradigms. In response to the limitations of industrial-era curricula that prioritize material utility over human wholeness, the author introduces a five-pillar model for tomorrow's education: it must be holistic and integral, contextual, experiential, trans-disciplinary, and capable of cultivating intuitive wisdom. Drawing from the 3R-3H-3A progression, the paper integrates concepts of Adhibhoota (physical), Adhidaiva (emotional and mental), and Adhyatma (spiritual), positioning Sanatana Dharma as education's ultimate aim. The framework extends Bloom's Taxonomy to include intuition, mapping it alongside the Indian cognitive triad of Citta, Manas, and Buddhi. It argues for context-based, locally relevant curricula and the reclamation of indigenous languages, particularly Sanskrit, as vital carriers of knowledge and identity. Through the lens of Swadharma, Yugadharma, and Sanatana Dharma, the paper articulates education as both personal fulfilment and civilizational renewal. Ultimately, it envisions a child-centered, spiritually aware, and socially rooted model that prepares learners not only for the future of work but for a future of meaning.

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 Keywords

Integral Education Indian Philosophy and Pedagogy Adhibhoota, Adhidaiva, Adhyatma Bloom's Taxonomy Extension Experiential Learning Contextual Curriculum Transdisciplinary Education Swadharma, Yugadharma, Sanatana Dharma Intuition in Education Holistic Education Indigenous Knowledge Systems Sanskrit and Education Educational Reform Spiritual Pedagogy Ikigai and Purpose-Based Learning

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Career selection is essentially the process covering the main decision that profoundly affects one's career trajectory and overall happiness with life. Traditional career guidance procedures are generalized psychometric tests together with human counselling, which never usually provide specific recommendations. This paper presents Vrutti, an AI-powered career guidance and counselling system that uses the Ikigai framework to offer personalized career insights. The system employs machine- learning algorithms, real-time analysis, and user data-led analytics and thus enables the correct mix of individual interests with skills and market opportunities. Vrutti looks at an individual's strengths, passions, and career aspirations and, based on dynamic industry needs, provides career path recommendations. This paper is set to highlight the architecture, methodologies, and evaluation metrics of Vrutti while demonstrating its efficacy in providing a more holistic and data-driven career path that ought to go in line with contemporary counseling approaches.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Career guidance, Machine learning, Ikigai frame- work, Career recommendation system, AI in career counselling

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized remote monitoring and control across various industries, including logistics and transportation. This paper presents a cost-effective IoT-integrated system for optimizing railway wagon load distribution to enhance freight efficiency and reduce operational costs. The proposed system employs a combination of ultrasonic sensors and load cells mounted on each wagon to accurately measure cargo weight using both direct and indirect methods. Data collected in real-time is transmitted via the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to a centralized platform, enabling dynamic load monitoring, inventory tracking, and intelligent decision-making through algorithms and cloud-based analytics. By optimizing the load balance and avoiding underloading or overloading, the system ensures safety, prevents infrastructure damage, and increases resource utilization. The integration of IoT technologies not only facilitates smart freight management but also significantly contributes to sustainable railway logistics through reduced fuel consumption and minimized human intervention.

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 Keywords

IoT, Freight Management, Railway Logistics, Load Optimization, ESP8266, Ultrasonic Sensor, Load Cell, Real-time Monitoring, Smart Transportation, Wagon Load Balancing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition