Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

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India, as a land of diversity and cultural nave possess uniqueness and variety in language, amid these monolingualism has little roam and contributes little to the growth and betterment in the domain of language acquisition, learning and teaching although mother tongue has a profound impact on second and other language learning. The primary focus of this paper is to give a summary based analysis of the past findings and research on the field of education for multilingualism in Elementary education as well as highlights the provisions which can be a means to adapt and circulate multiple language use for the sake of better retention, minimize drop out due to language barrier or gap , its consequences, benefits in present educational system and discussion about the other relevant ways and findings on the same for a more holistic development. Moreover, elementary education is considered as the backbone or building blocks for further headway where mother tongue solely not sufficient to meet the changing needs and demands of the professional, corporate and global platforms. In teaching English and other state and local language and dialects like Bengali, Kokborok, Manipuri, Mizo, Mog, Halam etc in a monolingual classroom has its own boundaries where mother tongue influence and mindset and outlook towards developing a second language plays a vital role. Multilingualism in classroom ease out some of the factors and not only contributes to the professional growth and development of a learner and the teacher but also it promotes a sense of fulfilment and provides benefits like interpersonal communication, confident, leadership, public speaking, exploring new horizons etc. Indian education system till today gone through numerous changes and aiming for further possibilities to develop classroom and learner friendly surroundings and atmosphere where language related provisions can be successfully implemented and barriers can be surmounted, Indian education commissions like - Kothari commission (1964-1966), NEP 1968, NEP 2020 put enough emphasis on multiple language use in educating students in primary as well as in elementary level. This paper portray light on the scope and possibilities of multilingualism in classrooms specifically for elementary education in Tripura.

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Multilingualism, Education commission, Mother tongue, Kothari Commission, NEP 2020, Elementary education, Tripura

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Skin diseases, which affect millions of individuals worldwide, pose a significant health risk if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Early detection of skin diseases such as melanoma, eczema, and psoriasis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have shown remarkable promise in automating the diagnosis of skin diseases through image analysis. This paper presents a CNN-based approach to detect and classify various skin conditions from clinical images. The proposed system uses a deep convolutional architecture to extract meaningful features from high-resolution skin images and classify them into different categories. The model is trained on a large dataset of labeled images, incorporating both dermatological knowledge and neural network capabilities. The results demonstrate that the CNN model achieves high accuracy and efficiency in detecting skin diseases, outperforming traditional image processing techniques and providing a potential tool for assisting dermatologists in clinical settings

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 Keywords

Skin disease detection, Convolutional neural network, Multimodel learning, Deep learning, Image classification

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Background and Aim: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition marked by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. It is increasingly prevalent, particularly in India, and influenced by factors such as diet, stress, lifestyle, and obesity. While conventional treatments like antacids and proton pump inhibitors offer temporary relief, they may not be ideal for long-term use due to potential side effects. Homeopathy, focusing on treating the root cause and restoring balance, offers an alternative approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the homeopathic remedy Nux vomica in managing GERD. Method: A clinical study was conducted on 30 GERD patients selected through simple random sampling from OPD/IPD, peripheral OPDs, and health camps. Diagnosis was confirmed using a standardized GERD questionnaire. Detailed case histories were recorded, and Nux vomica was prescribed based on symptom similarity. Symptom scores were noted before and after treatment using the same questionnaire to assess changes. Results: Out of 30 patients, 23 showed significant improvement in symptoms, including reduced heartburn, regurgitation, and decreased dependence on antacids. Seven patients did not show notable changes. The findings suggest a promising role of Nux vomica in alleviating GERD symptoms. Conclusion: The study indicates that Nux vomica may be effective in managing GERD, offering a natural alternative with fewer side effects. Larger, controlled studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore its broader therapeutic potential

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, GERD, Nux vomica, GERD questionnaire, Homeopathy

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Public opinion serves as a crucial mechanism for gauging the needs and desires of society. In a democratic republic like India, understanding the sentiments of citizens is vital for effective governance. Legislators have the responsibility to enact laws that reflect these public needs, ensuring that the legislation is not only acceptable but also supported by the populace. When legislators take public opinion into account, they can craft laws that resonate with citizens and are more likely to gain acceptance. There are numerous instances in history where legislation was rejected because it failed to consider public sentiment, leading to the withdrawal of such laws. This highlights the importance of public opinion in the legislative process. In this research paper, the focus will be on defining public opinion and its significance, drawing upon insights from various jurists. Additionally, the paper will explore the relevance of public opinion within the context of democracy and the legal framework. The advantages and disadvantages of public opinion in shaping a democratic government will also be discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of its impact on governance. The primary objective of this paper is to highlight the main issue of non-recognition of public opinion while making nay policy. In this paper the research the researcher use the doctrinal method of research for collecting data and also analyze various reports as a secondary data for validate the facts of this paper.

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Public Opinion, Democracy, Legislation, Government, Advantages.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Traditional vehicles often exhibit understeer or oversteer, which cannot be automatically corrected by conventional steering systems. This limits the vehicle's ability to maintain neutral steering under various driving conditions. The introduction of a four-wheel steering (4WS) system aims to overcome these challenges by improving maneuverability and achieving near-neutral steering. In scenarios such as low-speed cornering, navigating through heavy traffic, or parking in tight spaces, vehicles with longer wheelbases face difficulty due to a larger turning radius. By integrating a 4WS mechanism, the turning radius can be significantly reduced, enhancing the vehicle's agility and control. This project focuses on designing and implementing a mechanical four-wheel steering system that allows the rear wheels to turn in coordination with the front wheels. Depending on the driving condition, the rear wheels can steer either in the same direction or opposite to the front wheels, improving vehicle handling, stability, and parking convenience. Although traditional mechanical 4WS systems are complex and not widely used, some advanced models like the Honda Prelude and Nissan Skyline GT-R have adopted them with success. Our proposed system introduces a simplified, three-mode interchangeable 4WS mechanism that transmits the steering input to the rear wheels, replicating the front-wheel steering action. The system is developed to provide better control and minimize turning effort, particularly in constrained environments.

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Efficiency, radius, vehicular, steering, mechanism, equipped, parking.

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In the present times, the intelligence quotient of students has increased through better technology and medical methods, but if seen critically today, it seems to have an adverse effect on the self-control learning of students. The main reason for this is the devaluation of the practice of self-study in the current generation. Such literature comes under self-study which helps to express our existence. Such clues are obtained from such literature, which can provide new direction in the state of development of our consciousness. That is, self-study is a method of knowing oneself. It is the art of studying life. Therefore, self-study is that which is neither done to kill time nor to increase intellectual knowledge. Although it appears like study, its effect does not end only on the intellect, but through the intellect, it starts affecting all the dimensions of life. This makes it clear that self-study is not reading or study and is not their synonym. Reading, information collection and study are limited only to intellectual development. Whereas self-study is a deep process of grooming and polishing one's understanding, direction and perspective of life. Under this research, the researcher has to study the effect of self-study on secondary level students and present its positive benefits to the public so that the present generation can benefit from it.

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Self-control learning, devaluation, self-study, self-teaching, good literature.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article provides a detailed overview of the techniques and methods used to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations having coefficients that remain constant. The article begins by introducing the general form of higher order differential equations and explaining the concept of constant coefficients. Next, the article presents the characteristic of equation and its roots, which are used to determine the nature of the solutions. The article then goes on to discuss the three possible cases: distinct and real roots, complex conjugate roots, and repeated roots, and present the general solution for each case, including examples to illustrate the application of the method. The article concludes with a brief discussion of applications of higher-order differential equations in engineering and physics. The aim of this article is to provide a clear and concise guide for students and researchers interested in this important topic.

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Third-order differential equations, Constant coefficients, Homogeneous linear equations,Real and distinct roots, Complex conjugate roots, Repeated roots .

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Dry Line Marking Machines are an essential tool in various industries, including road construction, sports fields, warehouses, and factories. These machines help in ensuring the precise application of lines and markings on different surfaces, enhancing safety, organization, and efficiency. This research explores the features, types, applications, advantages, limitations, and technological advancements of manual line marking machines. Additionally, it investigates the factors influencing the adoption of such machines and their role in improving accuracy and productivity in their respective fields.

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Infrastructure, Ergonomics, precision, essential, Weather Dependency

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Chandradhar Sharma Guleri's short story Usne Kaha Tha (1915) is often hailed as the first modern Hindi short story. It explores themes of love, memory, promise, and martyrdom in the backdrop of colonial India and the First World War. This paper attempts a critical interpretation of Usne Kaha Tha through the interconnected lenses of memory, emotional obligation, and sacrificial heroism. By examining the protagonist's personal journey from romantic longing to selfless sacrifice, the paper underscores how memory becomes a moral compass, the promise a moral burden, and martyrdom a fulfillment of both love and duty. Drawing upon historical, literary, and psychological perspectives, this study places Guleri's work in a broader cultural and literary context.

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Memory, Promise, Martyrdom, Ethics, Duty, Sacrifice, Love

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition