Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Campus Collab is a web-based platform designed to streamline the process of uploading, sharing, and managing academic projects for college students. It provides a centralized and structured system where students can showcase their work, find collaborators, and receive feedback from peers and faculty. Built using modern web technologies such as React.js, Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB, the platform ensures scalability, efficiency, and an intuitive user experience. Key features include project upload and management, interactive feedback mechanisms, user profiles, and a responsive design for seamless accessibility across devices. By fostering collaboration and engagement within the academic community, Campus Collab enhances learning experiences and simplifies project management, ultimately creating a dynamic ecosystem for students and educators to interact, innovate, and grow.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Student Collaboration, Project Sharing Platform, User Profile Management, RESTful APIs, File Upload System, Frontend and Backend Integration, CRUD Operations, JWT Authentication, MERN Stack

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Student attendance tracking is a crucial aspect of academic institutions, ensuring discipline and monitoring student participation. Traditional attendance systems, including manual roll calls and RFID-based methods, are time consuming, prone to human error, and susceptible to fraudulent practices such as proxy attendance. To address these limitations, this research proposes an automated student attendance system utilizing Faster R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) for efficient and accurate face detection, combined with side-angle detection to enhance recognition when students are not directly facing the camera. The system employs a highresolution camera to capture real-time classroom footage. Faster R-CNN is leveraged for fast and precise multi-face detection, ensuring robustness even in large classrooms with multiple students present. However, traditional face recognition models struggle with side-angle or partially occluded faces, leading to misidentification or missed attendance marking. To overcome this challenge, our system integrates a side-angle detection mechanism using deep learning techniques to analyze and classify facial orientations. This mechanism compensates for varying head poses by either applying pose normalization or using angle-aware embedding's, ensuring accurate recognition of students even when they are not facing the camera directly. Once a face is successfully recognized, the system crossreferences it with an existing student database and automatically updates attendance records. The processed data is securely stored in a database, providing real-time access for faculty and administrators. The proposed method significantly improves attendance accuracy, minimizes false negatives, and ensures reliability across different environmental conditions, such as varying lighting and occlusions. Additionally, the system enhances security by preventing unauthorized attendance marking and eliminating the possibility of proxy attendance. This research demonstrates that integrating Faster R-CNN with side-angle detection improves face recognition performance in classroom environments, making it a viable and efficient solution for real-world deployment. The proposed system not only automates attendance tracking but also enhances student monitoring and management in educational institutions, paving the way for intelligent classroom automation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Face Detection, Recognition, attendance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Access to government welfare schemes is often hindered by a lack of awareness, complex eligibility criteria, and limited digital access, especially among marginalized communities. This project presents a user-friendly, intelligent software solution designed to bridge the gap between citizens and welfare schemes. The system maps relevant government schemes to beneficiaries based on socio-economic parameters such as income, education, and occupation.Utilizing a rule-based machine learning model, the system analyzes user data to recommend the most suitable schemes in real-time. The platform includes secure role-based authentication, allowing both users and administrators to interact with the system efficiently. Citizens can register, view eligible schemes, and submit grievances, while administrators can manage scheme data and respond to complaints through a dedicated dashboard.The solution ensures a citizen-centric design with a focus on accessibility, transparency, and accountability. By streamlining scheme access and grievance redressal, the project aims to improve the effectiveness of government welfare distribution and empower users with timely, personalized support.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rule-based Model, Scheme Eligibility, Role-based Access Control

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background -Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide, significantly affecting the Daily life and individual's functional capacity especially within the adult population. It is a leading cause of disability, absenteeism from work, and healthcare utilization. Conventional management often includes analgesics, physiotherapy, and sometimes invasive interventions, which may offer only temporary relief or come with potential side effects. In recent years, there has been growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine approaches, such as homoeopathy, for managing chronic pain conditions like LBP. Homoeopathy is a holistic system of medicine that emphasizes individualized treatment based on the totality of symptoms and the unique constitution of the patient. Individualized homoeopathic medicine aims not only to alleviate physical symptoms but also to address underlying emotional or psychological factors that may contribute to pain perception. This case series study was conducted with 30 cases of lower back pain, selected through stratified random sampling from the OPD/IPD of a homoeopathic medical college and hospital, peripheral OPDs, etc. Each case was assessed and treated with individualized homoeopathic remedies. The use of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), a simple and reliable tool, allows for objective assessment of pain intensity and helps evaluate treatment outcomes. Out of the 30 patients, 24 (80%) showed significant reduction in NPRS scores following individualized homoeopathic treatment indicating an improvement in lower back pain and overall wellbeing. However, 6 patients (20%) did not show any significant improvement in their lower back pain despite receiving individualized homeopathic treatment. This case series study demonstrates that individualized homeopathic medicine may play a significant role in the treatment of low back pain.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Low back pain, Homoeopathy, individualized remedies, Homoeopathic treatment, case series study.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Audio deepfakes are artificially generated voice recordings created using advanced machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models. These deepfakes can convincingly mimic real human voices, posing a significant threat to security, media, and privacy. Detecting these fake audio recordings has become a critical area of research. This review examines various techniques developed for audio deepfake detection, focusing on feature extraction, classification models, and the datasets used for training and evaluation. We analyze the performance of different systems, highlighting challenges in detecting deepfakes across diverse contexts, such as different voices, languages, and recording conditions. Key findings show that while deep learning models like CNNs and RNNs have made significant progress, many systems still struggle with generalization and robustness against real-world noise. We also identify critical gaps, such as the need for larger, more diverse datasets and improved interpretability in detection models. Finally, we suggest future research directions, including hybrid models and real-time detection systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of audio deepfake detection and its challenges.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Audio Deepfakes, Deepfake Detection, Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Feature Extraction, Synthetic Speech, Speech Authentication, CNN, LSTM, GAN, SVM.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Dowry is the money, goods or estate that a woman brings to a marriage. A major legislative move to end the long-standing custom of dowries in India was the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961. The reality on the ground shows a sharp difference, with the custom enduring across socioeconomic strata despite its explicit ban on providing or receiving dowries. Reports of dower-related violence, harassment, and fatalities are still coming in, underscoring the difficulties in properly implementing the rule. Meaningful change is impeded by societal norms, patriarchal mindsets, and legislative implementation flaws. Although the law's scope has been broadened by modifications and court rulings, including provisions under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act and Section 498A (Section 86 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita) of the Indian Penal Code, enforcement of the law is still uneven. The discussion is made more difficult by the mounting controversy over the abuse of these laws. This paper examines the gap between legislation and reality in India's efforts to abolish dowry. It underscores the need for comprehensive reform that includes stronger enforcement, social awareness campaigns, and empowerment of women through education and economic independence. Without a multi-pronged approach that challenges both legal and cultural barriers, the goal of eradicating dowry from Indian society will remain elusive. The fight against dowry requires not only legal tools but also a transformation of societal values and gender relations. This abstract looks at the discrepancy between Indian initiatives to outlaw dowries and their actual implementation. It emphasises the necessity of all-encompassing reform, which should include more robust enforcement, social awareness initiatives, and the empowering of women via economic independence and education. Eliminating dowries from Indian society will not be possible without a multifaceted strategy that tackles both legal and cultural obstacles. In addition to legislative measures, the battle against dowries also calls for a change in gender roles and societal norms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1. Dowry Prohibition Act 2. Social reform 3. Gender inequality 4.Patriarchy 5. Legal enforcement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Article 21 of the Article, Indian Constitution, protects life and personal liberty and, is a very important part of the criminal justice system and the right to a speedy trial is protected under the article 21. In light of the above, this article explores the crucial role that speedy trials play to ensure that the public continues to have faith in the judicial system by avoiding any breaches in their faith due to unnecessary delays. It is explored on the basis of the legal and constitutional frames work by means of which such right can maintained such as sections like 309, 436A, 167, 173 of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and this can be seen in great judgement's like Hussainara khatoon v. State of Bihar, A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Nayak.Further, it discusses the reformative measures taken for improving judicial efficiency including Fast Track Courts, e-Courts, and alternative methods of conflict resolution. The conclusion of the article states that the judiciary has an obligation to play their moral, constitutional and axe fight to eliminate the saying 'justice delayed is justice denied' and do investment and accountability to ensure prompt justice to everybody now and in the future.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Speedy trial, Article 21 (Indian Constitution), Criminal justice system, Right to life and personal liberty, Judicial delay, Under-trial prisoners, Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), Legal aid, Fast Track Courts (FTCs), e-Courts, Plea bargaining, Lok Adalats, Supreme Court rulings, Judicial reforms, Forensic delay, Case backlog, Justice delivery system.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Smart Parking System using Arduino Uno is a compact and efficient solution designed to address the growing parking challenges in urban areas. This system utilizes the Arduino Uno microcontroller as its core component, integrated with IR sensors, a servo motor, and an LCD display to automate parking slot detection and gate operations. The system operates by detecting vehicle presence at the entry and exit points using IR sensors, updating slot availability in real time on an LCD display, and controlling the entry and exit gates through a servo motor. This setup ensures seamless vehicle flow and reduces manual intervention, making it ideal for small and medium-sized parking lots. The proposed system overcomes limitations such as difficulty in finding available parking, traffic congestion, lack of automation and inefficient use of space through automated slot detection, cost-effective design, simplified setup and seamless integration with automated gate control via a servo motor and real-time display of slot status on an LCD, the system provides an efficient and user-friendly experience.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arduino Uno, I2C, Servo Motor, IR Sensor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper investigates the significance and application of ratio analysis as a critical tool for evaluating financial performance and decision-making within organizations. Ratio analysis involves the systematic calculation and interpretation of key financial ratios, derived from a company's financial statements, to assess various aspects such as profitability, liquidity, solvency, and operational efficiency. The paper explores the different types of ratios--such as profitability ratios (e.g., Return on Assets), liquidity ratios (e.g., Current Ratio), and solvency ratios (e.g., Debt-to-Equity Ratio)--and their role in providing insights into an organization's financial health. It also highlights the limitations of ratio analysis, including its reliance on historical data and its potential to offer misleading conclusions if used in isolation. The research draws on empirical data from multiple industries, illustrating how ratio analysis can be used to benchmark a company's performance against industry averages or competitors. Furthermore, the study explores the evolving role of ratio analysis in the context of emerging technologies such as machine learning and big data analytics, which promise to refine financial evaluation methods. The paper concludes by recommending best practices for integrating ratio analysis into a comprehensive financial strategy, emphasizing its importance as a decision-support tool for investors, managers, and financial analysts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial Ratio Analysis, Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Efficiency Ratios, Profitability Ratios, Financial Statement Analysis, Business Decision-Making, Performance Evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mebeverine Hydrochloride, Mucoadhesive, Antispasmodic.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition