Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper investigates how the European Union evolves its position in global governance along with its expanding control in economic policies and political relations and security management. The EU operates as a distinct supranational body which exercises substantial power through its creation of regulations as well as its diplomatic initiatives and business trade systems. The research investigates how EU foreign policy develops through institutional mechanisms between the European Commission and European Parliament alongside the European Council. The paper dedicates significant attention to analyze how the EU influences trade at the global level and manages climate change and peacekeeping measures. Through multilateralism the EU demonstrates its status as a political leader while utilizing economic power together with normative influence to construct international agreements between nations and organizations. The analysis covers the EU involvement in international security operations that includes its work for crisis management activities along with peacekeeping roles and counterterrorism efforts. Because of its extensive worldwide power, the EU continues to confront internal and external difficulties. Historical events like Brexit along with nationalistic trends and social and economic differences between member nations join with geopolitical tensions against countries like the United States, China and Russia regarding international coordination power of the EU. Foreign policy operations of the EU face difficulties due to the complex processes needed to reach agreement among its 27 member states. The research terminating statement points out that the EU continues being fundamental in international matters yet its worldwide impact requires developing national unity combined with better institutional operations and planetary geopolitical developments. Continuous reforms coupled with strategic partnerships will guarantee the EU's position as a major governing authority on the world stage.

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 Keywords

European Union (EU), global governance,foreign policy, multilateralism, trade policy, security and defense, geopolitical challenges, Brexit ,International diplomacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of personality traits and external factors on the use of Chat GPT, a generative AI tool, among university students. Understanding the psychological and technological factors of AI use is critical for optimizing learning outcomes and increasing digital engagement as it becomes more integrated in higher education. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research takes a quantitative approach, with a standardized questionnaire delivered to university students. The study is based on the Big Five Personality Traits framework and known technology adoption frameworks, including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The data will be evaluated using statistical methods such as SPSS to investigate the correlations between personality traits, perceived utility, simplicity of use, and behavioral intent to use Chat GPT. Findings: According to preliminary expectations, personality traits such as openness and conscientiousness are predicted to correlate positively with the perceived usefulness and simplicity of use of Chat GPT. Additionally, social influence and favorable environments are predicted to have a substantial impact on adoption behavior. These findings are intended to emphasize the complex interaction of individual psychological elements and external technical cues in affecting user behavior. Practical Implications: The findings of this study can help educators, developers, and institutions create AI-based instructional tools that are suited to different personality types and user preferences. Institutions may boost student engagement, increase learning efficiency, and promote responsible AI use in academic contexts by matching implementation techniques with student behavior and personality profiles. Originality/Values: This study offers new insights by combining personality psychology with technology adoption frameworks to evaluate Chat GPT usage in higher education. It addresses a significant research vacuum by concentrating on both system-related aspects and user-centric psychological motivations, providing a more comprehensive understanding of AI adoption behavior.

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 Keywords

Personality Traits, ChatGPT Adoption, University Students, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), UTAUT, AI in Education, Big Five Model, AI Tools, Higher Education, and Digital Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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KC MOODLE is a Python Django-based Learning Management System (LMS) designed to streamline academic operations and enhance the digital learning experience for institutions. The platform offers a role-based access system featuring three primary user panels: HOD (Head of Department), Teacher, and Student, each with distinct functionalities tailored to their responsibilities. The HOD panel includes robust authentication and authorization mechanisms that support user and group management. Core features include managing announcements, assignments, courses, departments, faculty, and students. It also incorporates a quiz management system, allowing the creation of questions and quizzes and tracking of student answers. The Teacher panel provides a comprehensive dashboard to manage departments, courses, and faculty. Teachers can post announcements, create and evaluate assignments, and upload course materials to support student learning. The Student panel grants access to relevant announcements, assigned assignments, and course materials uploaded by faculty. This ensures that students are consistently updated and have easy access to academic resources. KC MOODLE offers a structured and interactive platform for managing academic workflows, fostering better communication, and enabling seamless information sharing between HODs, teachers, and students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Learning Management System (LMS), Django, Role-Based Access Control, Academic Management, Online Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, has opened new frontiers in automation, particularly in inspection and delivery tasks. This project presents the design, development and deployment of a multi-functional drone system that utilizes AI for autonomous navigation, object detection, real-time decision-making and payload delivery. The drone was engineered with a modular architecture, combining a lightweight quadcopter frame with sensors, a high- definition camera and onboard computing units capable of running AI models. Through AI-driven capabilities such as computer vision and predictive analytics, the drone can perform infrastructure inspections identifying defects or anomalies and carry out precise delivery operations with minimal human intervention. Real-time flight data, environmental feedback, and GPS-based path planning ensure accurate and safe mission execution. The system was tested in various scenarios including urban delivery and structural surveillance, demonstrating its potential to improve operational efficiency, reduce risks and support applications in logistics, disaster response and industrial monitoring. This project reflects the growing impact of AI in making aerial robotics smarter, safer, and more scalable for real-world technical, regulatory and operational challenges.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Drones, Autonomous Navigation, Object Detection, Real-time Decision-making, Payload Delivery, Computer Vision, Predictive Analytics, Aerial Robotics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bourbaki studied the concept of locally closed sets in topological spaces. Following this topologists introduced the new notions of locally closed sets by replacing open sets by nearly open sets and generalized open sets and/or by replacing the closed sets by nearly closed sets and generalized closed sets. Levine studied the concept of Q-sets in 1961 and Thangavelu and Rao introduced the notion of q-sets in 2002. Recently, the authors further investigated the properties of q-sets and Q-sets in topology. A. Gowri studied the combined study on the concept Locally Q-sets and its properties in 2019. The aim of this paper is to study new concept of sets in Locally (1,2) Q-sets in Bitopological space and its properties.

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Locally Q-sets,Locally (1,2)Q-sets

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In Ayurveda the health of a child is considered fundamental to the strength and vitality of a nation. Lehana karma which translates to "licking therapy" is an Ayurvedic practice aimed at enhancing the nutrition, immunity and intellect of children.This method involves administering specific formulations to children typically in the form of substances that can be licked or consumed thereby improving their overall health and development.Lehana karma serves both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes during infancy and childhood. It is designed to boost immunity, promote growth and enhance cognitive functions. Various Ayurvedic scholars, known as Acharyas, have described special Lehana formulations to support these objectives. For instance, Acharya Kashyapa emphasized that the well-being of a child is closely linked to the practice of Lehana, highlighting its importance in ensuring a child's health and happiness. The benefits of Lehana karma are manifold. It provides essential nutrients that support physical growth and development, strengthens the immune system to protect against infections and enhances mental faculties,including intellect and speech. By incorporating Lehana into a child's routine, Ayurveda aims to establish a strong foundation for health and well-being, contributing to the overall strength of the nation

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Lehana karma, Vyadhikshamatv, Lehana yoga , Acharya, Swarnapashana.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Understanding students' approaches to studying has been an excellent area of research worldwide. Several models and inventories have been developed and modified for this purpose. Many researchers claimed that students' learning approaches may be observed as a reaction to their learning environment. This systematic review aims to focus on the two important contextual factors of learning approach viz. Classroom Learning Environment and Course Experience. Methodology is developed to explore the research area. After rigorous survey, studies that meet inclusion criteria were analysed under different categories and complied in tables. Studies are discussed under the themes like Country/continent, (b) Population, (c) Methodology used (d) Assessment tools, (e) Association among the scales under study, and (f) Other related findings. Future direction of research has been suggested based on the review.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Approaches to studying, Classroom Learning Environment, Course Experience, Students' Perception.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper assesses the performance of carbon credit systems in realizing global climate change mitigation goals, notably under the auspices of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. It responds to a relevant research deficit relating to the effectiveness of carbon credits in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the subsequent effects on climate change. The goals involve investigating the economic advantages that carbon credit schemes can provide to developing nations, for example, generating income and employment, which could improve their acceptance of such schemes. The approach entails a detailed examination of current carbon trading schemes, determining difficulties like implementation of complexities and market failures while evaluating equity issues between developed and developing nations. Key conclusions are that although carbon credit can generate economic growth and sustainability, the main constraints make their effectiveness unlikely without better policy and regulatory instruments. The report focuses on lessons and best practices for future projects to create more efficient and fairer climate measures. The implications highlight the necessity for strong policies to provide favourable conditions for carbon credit trading and to make significant contributions towards worldwide emissions reduction targets.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Carbon Credits, Climate Change Mitigation, Kyoto Protocol

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The plant Euphorbia tirucalli, commonly known as the pencil tree or milk bush, is a versatile species with significant medicinal and pharmacological potential. This review explores its phytochemical composition, traditional medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities, highlighting its importance in ethnomedicine and modern research. Euphorbia tirucalli is rich in bioactive compounds, including diterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which contribute to its wide range of therapeutic effects. Traditionally, it has been used for treating ailments such as warts, asthma, and gastrointestinal disorders, and as a remedy for cancer in some cultures.Pharmacological studies reveal its potential as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer agent, emphasizing its therapeutic relevance. However, the plant's latex contains toxic compounds that require careful handling and controlled usage to mitigate adverse effects. This review also examines recent advancements in the pharmacological evaluation of Euphorbia tirucalli, underscoring the need for further research into its bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. A comprehensive understanding of this plant's properties could pave the way for the development of novel natural drugs and alternative therapeutic strategies.The medicinal uses of Euphorbia tirucalli are diverse, reflecting its significance in traditional and alternative medicine. The plant is renowned for its application in cancer treatment, where its latex is traditionally used for its perceived anticancer properties. Modern studies have identified its potential to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, particularly through compounds like ingenol mebutate. Additionally, the plant is widely used for treating skin disorders, including warts and other dermatological conditions, where its latex is applied externally. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in managing arthritis, asthma, and bronchitis. In traditional remedies, decoctions made from its stems and leaves are used to relieve respiratory issues and inflammatory conditions.Furthermore, Euphorbia tirucalli demonstrates antimicrobial properties, being effective against a range of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. It is also employed as a pain reliever and is used to alleviate headaches and body pain. In gastrointestinal health, the plant acts as a mild laxative and is used to treat constipation and other digestive disorders. These therapeutic applications highlight the plant's versatility, though caution is necessary due to the toxicity of its latex.

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Phytochemistry, bioactive compounds (diterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids), medicinal uses,latex toxicity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cultural differences play a crucial role in shaping global marketing strategies, affecting how brands communicate, position themselves, and connect with diverse audiences. As businesses expand internationally, they must consider factors such as language, consumer behavior, social norms, and values to create impactful marketing campaigns. Differences in communication styles, influenced by frameworks like Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, can determine whether advertisements should be direct or subtle, emotional or logical. Additionally, product customization and localization are essential for appealing to different markets--global brands often modify their offerings to align with local tastes and preferences. Companies that fail to consider cultural sensitivities risk alienating potential customers, while those that successfully integrate cultural insights build stronger relationships, increase brand loyalty, and enhance their global competitiveness. By understanding and respecting cultural differences, businesses can develop marketing strategies that resonate with audience's worldwide, fostering sustainable success in international markets. In today's globalized market, cultural differences play a pivotal role in shaping consumer preferences, brand perception, and purchasing behaviors. As businesses expand into international markets, understanding cultural nuances becomes essential for crafting effective marketing strategies. What appeals to consumers in one country might not resonate in another due to variations in traditions, values, language, and communication styles. Successful global marketing requires brands to adapt their messaging, products, and campaigns to align with the cultural expectations of different regions. From colors and symbolism to advertising tone and humor, every aspect of marketing is influenced by cultural context. Failing to recognize these differences can lead to misunderstandings, decreased customer engagement, and even brand rejection..

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key word : Humor, Rejection, Analysing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition