Volume 11 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The use of cellulose in the manufacture of ethanol prevents the waste of non-edible components of agricultural plants like corn and sugar cane. As opposed to bioethanol made from sugar and starch, they can be utilized to make bioethanol, which increases agricultural productivity and reduces the carbon footprint of crops by up to 85% (1 G of ethanol). Cellulosic ethanol reduces GHG emissions by 88% to 108% when compared to gasoline, depending on the feedstock used. Because of this, 2G ethanol is a sustainable fuel choice that helps cut air pollution. This review study discusses various methods for producing 2G ethanol, with a particular emphasis on pretreatment methods and 2G ethanol's energy efficiency. The findings help inform better decision-making in the development and design of biorefineries by illuminating the optimum process alternatives that can result in increased sustainable ethanol output.

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 Keywords

Fuels, 2G Ethanol, lignocellulosic materials, biorefinery, Pretreatment, Dilute Acid Pretreatment, energy efficiency, Bagasse stillage.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digitalization, BHIM, UPI, IMPS, financial inclusion, Digital payments

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Austenitic stainless steel is commonly used in refinery and chemical processing industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, weldability and corrosion resistance at various elevated temperature. Apparently, all 300 series of austenitic stainless steels are highly susceptible to Chloride induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CI-SCC) when dealing with corrosive environment (hydrolysis of calcium, magnesium and chlorides salts) and tensile stress (applied or residual stress). In this project, the impact of sensitization on CI-SCC is examined using austenitic stainless-steel grade 304L (SS 304L). The specimens are shaped into U-bend as per ASTM G30 and exposed for long-term immersion test. U-bend samples are heat sensitized at 600oC for 2 hours followed by air cooling. Samples are immersed in 0.1 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 3.0 wt% NaCl into the water bath at temperature of 28oC (ambient condition) and 90oC for 28 days. The specimens were monitored once in a week under visual examination of crack on the surface. Microscopic study was carried out to identify the CI-SCC and morphology of SS304L material.

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 Keywords

Chloride Concentration, Corrosion Cracking, Austenitic Stainless Steel, Chloride induced Stress Corrosion Cracking

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

It is important to consider how packaging and labelling affect international trade, especially when it comes to the transfer of hazardous materials. The safekeeping of people and the environment, as well as enabling international trade, are greatly aided by the proper packaging and labelling of harmful items. The rules created by the International Maritime Organization and International Air Transport Association for the packaging and labelling of hazardous materials for sea and air transportation, respectively, are the main subject of this research. The study aims to explore which Scopus journals are crucial for hazardous commodities labelling and packaging and to determine the nation's contribution to Scopus on the packaging and labelling of hazardous commodities. The study also aims to shed light on the significance on networks of cooperation for hazardous commodities labelling and packaging. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of complying with packaging and labelling journals for goods to ensure safe and efficient international trade.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Packaging & Labelling, Packing, Dangerous Goods, Chemical Composition, and Labour Norms, VOSviewer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Humanitarian logistics, logistics, disaster management, supply chain management, Bibliometric analysis, VOSViewer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ASTHMA AND COPD OVERLAP SYNDROME

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ASTHMA AND COPD OVERLAP SYNDROME

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This Research Paper deals with the study of trade secrets that is under the common law giving a historical background and various definitions given under the common law and study of trade secrets in the major economies of the world. The springboard doctrine, liability of the third parties in the misappropriation matter, exception to the liabilities and remedies that is available for the breach of confidence are also discussed. This will further deal with global legal perspectives of Trade Secret protection. A detailed study of international conventions along with the trade secret Protection laws of various countries will be analysed. In brief we can say that in this Paper, focus is laid upon the international legal framework such as Paris Convention and TRIPS Agreement and will elaborate the WIPO National and Regional Trade Secret Rules and Regulations and a comparison with the Trade Secrets Directive and standards for the Trade secret protection laws will be analysed in order. The aim is to comparatively analyse the position of trade secret protection in India with that of the United States Defend Trade Secrets Act and the European Union Directive.

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 Keywords

Trade Secrets, EUROPEAN UNION, UNITED STATES, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION, TRIPS, NAFTA AGREEMENT,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Main aim of this research work to study literacy rate among scheduled population and changes therein. According to 2011 census, Nandurbar district has inhabited 1141933 scheduled tribe populations. Among them, 906509 scheduled tribe populations were literate while illiterate population was 741786. Literacy rate of scheduled tribe population in Nandurbar was 54.31 in 2011. This literacy has been varying tehsil wise and gender wise. This study reveals that in plain area literacy rate is very high. Because in plain areas scheduled tribe population socio-economically developed hence there developed educational facilities and awareness of benefits of education. In plain region of Talada, Shahada, Nandurbar and Navapur has developed transportation facilities, high soil fertility, high purchasing capacity of people, rural to urban migration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Literacy, Scheduled tribe, education, development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper discusses how foreign direct investment has affected the Indian retail industry. The inflow of foreign direct investment has boosted growth in the retail industry and increased the gross domestic product of India. Government policy and other determinants have been discussed to study and analyse the impact. Investment opportunities exist in the rising Indian retail market. Up until 2006, there had been a cap on the amount of foreign direct investment coming in. Nonetheless, there has been a since 2006 a favourable shift in government policy allowing foreign corporations to make ownership investments in India. The essay clarifies the expansion of several Indian retail industries, the tax incentives and factors that influence foreign direct investment inflow. It addresses potential dangers and challenges to Indian retail by enabling the foreign corporation of companies (small, medium, and large), an investment destination is India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FDO, Retail, GDP, Government Policy, Foreign Companies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this review paper,the latest developments in nanomaterials for supercapacitors and perovskite solar cells have been discussed. Nanomaterials have shown significant potential for improving the stability and efficiency of Perovskite solar cells and Super capacitors.There are several types of nanomaterials which are suitable for supercapacitor and perovskite solar cell applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nanomaterials, Super capacitors,Perovskite solar cell

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition