Volume 11 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Riboflavin was estimated in various pumpkin extracts using the RPHPLC method and the direct comparison method in pumpkin pulp, skin, and seed using a 25x4 6mm, particle size 5-micron C18 reversed phase column and methanol, water as mobile phase. In isocratic mode, with a mobile phase flow rate of 1ml/min, and uv-visible detection at 270nm. Regression analysis revealed a strong linear relationship with r2=0.998.

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Pumpkins,Pulp,Seed,Peel,Riboflavin ,RPHPLC

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 Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease manifested by chronic joint inflammation which causes significant disability and death. RA affects women 3-5 times more than men, with a global frequency of roughly 0.3%-1%. Until now there no known cure for RA; the aim goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms. For the symptomatic relief of the disease therapy strategy entails constant drug delivery at maximum doses. Indomethacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, celecoxib, and etorcoxib are examples of NSAIDs. These strong medications frequently have side effects. Desired effects, which significantly reduces patient compliance Furthermore, traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. There are numerous formulation problems, such as limited solubility and permeability, as well as inadequate bioavailability. Gastrointestinal enzyme degradation, dietary interactions, and toxicity Researchers are working to overcome these obstacles. Have gone down the topical route of administration. For the improvement of drug delivery in the RA therapy , a variety of adaptable Nano carriers with controlled physicochemical features, tailorable drug release patterns, or active targeting ability were created. Researchers now selected the topical drug delivery as a means of getting over these obstacles because it has better patient compliance and avoids the initial side effect of conventional oral administration. Furthermore, nanosized carriers like liposomes, nanoemulsions, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and transferosomes have been developed to improve the drug's ability to permeate through the skin's layers and reach the site of inflammation. These drug delivery methods have a high drug encapsulation efficiency, are non-toxic, and offer prolonged drug release.This review aims to provide an up-to-date progress regarding RA treatment using nanomedicines in the last 5 years and succinctly discuss the potential application of several newly emerged therapeutic strategies, such as fostering pro-resolving therapy, inducing antigen-specific tolerance, or managing immunometabolism for RA treatments.

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 Keywords

Rheumatoid arthritis, Curcumine

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The respiratory system plays a vital role in exchanging gases in our body. However, respiratory tract infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can affect the upper and lower respiratory tract, leading to acute or chronic illness. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children regarding respiratory tract infections and identify any association between their knowledge and demographic factors. Convenient sampling was used to select 60 mothers, and data was collected through a structured questionnaire containing 30 knowledge-based questions. The study found that the majority (58.3%) of mothers had moderate knowledge scores, while 23.4% had adequate knowledge and 18.3% had inadequate knowledge about respiratory tract infections. Interestingly, the level of knowledge was significantly associated with the mother's age, family size, and education. In conclusion, this study highlights the varying degrees of moderate knowledge about respiratory tract infections among mothers of under-five children.

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knowledge, respiratory tract infection, illness)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Knowledge, Hypertension

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The gravity model is used in this study to assess the impact of selected RTAs on India's export from 2017 to 2021. The goal of this paper was to examine the impact of regional trade agreements on Indian exports using gravity variables. Regional trade agreements serves as a catalyst for the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, thereby increasing trade between partners and leveraging common complementary sectors. The empirical findings suggest that the number of regional trade agreements has steadily increased over the last two decades and the coefficients obtained in findings have significant positive impact on India's total export value and India's trading partners market size also has a significant positive impact on India's total export value. The findings show that COMCOL and CONTING factors are ambiguously related to RTAs, but Language was found to be negatively related to RTA production. All other agreements, with the exception of CECPA and Chile, are statistically significant, demonstrating that RTAs improve India's technical export efficiency. The statistical significance of ASEAN agreements is 40%, while SAFTA and APTA are 43% and 70%, respectively. And at 10% and 21% respectively, the India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the CECA are statistically significant. Our findings may aid in better understanding the function of various gravitational factors in the formation of regional trade agreements.

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RTA; free trade; regional trade; FTA; PTA; trade agreements; export efficiency; gravity model;

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Consumer perception, E-Two wheeler vehicles

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The aim of this work was a trial to prepare oyster mushroom-based patties with different enrichments. Patties are prepared from rehydrated oyster mushroom, oats and corn starch and primary natural flavours and condiments Oyster mushroom was rehydrated and patties were prepared with different levels of mushroom, (0, 25, 50 and 75%) The gross proximate analysis, of prepared oyster mushroom patties were determined using appropriate methods. Samples were sensory evaluated for attributes such as appearance, colour, aroma, flavour, texture, taste, and overall acceptability Results of the sensory evaluation indicate that sample treatment 3 (T3) had a golden brown appearance and a very much pleasant smell and very lovely compact and fine (chewy) texture. According to the proximate analysis of Sample T3 test results contains 272.44 / cal around 6.1 gm of protein, 56.6 gm of carbohydrates, 4.41 gm of total fat, sodium content is 42.8 mg 34.28%, Ash 4.22% and 2.1 gm of dietary fibre in 100 gm of patties sample which proves It is generally satisfactory in terms of nutrition value and organoleptic criteria.

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: nutritive attributes, oyster mushroom, mushroom patties

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present work is aimed to develop and evaluate of Eco-friendly poly-herbal hair dye by using mixed herbal of henna, indigo, amla, jatamansi, black catechu, bhringraj, black cumin seeds, charcoal, alkanet root and Loha Bhasma with either aloe-vera gel or tea decoction or coconut shell oil as solvent (F1-F6). Conventional methods of hair dyeing involve use of chemicals that results unpleasant side effects like skin irritation, allergy, hair breakage, loss or damage of hair, allergic reaction, asthma, hair fall, skin rashes, itchy scalp, skin discoloration, erythema, skin cancer and unwanted effect on pregnancy. This herbal hair dyes contain only herbs and no harsh additives or chemicals. By using this which avoid such side effects and also very helpful in coloring the hair, act as hair growth promoter, hair nourisher, conditioner, anti-dandruff agent, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti- inflammatory, prevent skin irritation and allergic reaction. Formulated herbal hair dye was evaluated for their organoleptic, physico-chemical, micromeritics, dyeing effect, retention capacity and stability studies. In this attempt polyherbal hair dye paste containing natural colorant (formulation F2) has shown the better dyeing efficiency which produce darkest brown colour as compared to the other formulation and also stable at any place with no side effects.

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poly-herbal, hair dye, Loha Bhasma, henna, indigo.

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Streptomyces hygroscopicus produces rapamycin, a macrocyclic polyketide having immunosuppressive, antifungal, and anti-tumor activity. Rapamycin has made a substantial contribution to medicine. The wild strain's ability to produce, however, is quite limited. In this way, a computationally guided biotechnology technique was suggested to increase the production capacity of rapamycin. Based on its annotated genome and biochemical data, a metabolic model of Streptomyces hygroscopicus was built at the genome scale. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that this strain unambiguously belonged to the genus Streptomyces Hygroscopicus, and its genomic features and functional genes were comprehensively analyzed and annotated. The core structure of rapamycin is derived from (4R, 5R)-4, 5-dihydrocyclohex-1-ene-carboxilic acid that is extended by polyketide synthase. Submerged fermentation is used by many strains of Streptomyces hygroscopicus to produce rapamycin. Due to the limited amount of medicine produced by the species, engineers confront a tremendous challenge in further developing and industrializing this essential polyketide. As a result, biotechnological manipulations are required for enhanced production of this critical antibiotic. The purpose of the current work was to describe the procedures for enhancing Streptomyces hygroscopicus species ability to synthesize rapamycin (Rap). Both UV radiation and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) have been employed as physical and chemical mutagens to increase rapamycin production. When rapamycin production is enhanced utilizing a sequential UV mutagenesis technique. It makes a significant difference to have access to a commercially viable amount of this important macrolide molecule. The present findings confirmed that various phylogenetically different streptomycetes strains produce rapamycin.

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 Keywords

Rapamycin, Strain improvement, Streptomyces hygroscopicus genome, Multipurpose medication, mutagenesis, mutagen

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Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy drug typically Extracted from the Yew tree. Paclitaxel is a poly-oxygenated cyclic diterpenoids with a characteristic Taxane ring system. It is the most effective and widely used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of cancers and virus-related sarcoma. Paclitaxel has high activity as an anticancer agent and is widely used in hospitals and clinics. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring chemical component that was first identified from the bark of yew trees but presents at low levels1. In recent years, lots of yew trees have been destroyed or seriously damaged by harvesting to extract paclitaxel. Although some fungi endophytic to yew have been found to produce paclitaxel, but the levels of production are too low to be useful for commercialization until now. To find endophytic fungi that can produce paclitaxel, we isolated and collected lot of endophytic fungal strains from Bhattu Buhla, Baijnath Tehsil in Kangra District Himachal Pradesh (India). Taxus Baccata distributing in Among these endophytic fungal strains, one strain that can produce paclitaxel was isolated and its production was authenticated with LC-MS. This discovery is very significant for paclitaxel manufacture and environmental protection of yew trees. Each year, approximately 8.1 million new cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide, including India. Around five hundred patients are treated by 1 kg of Paclitaxel, which requires 10 tons of bark equivalent to 300 trees. Too frequent extraction involves destroying the Yew tree source. Demand for Paclitaxel has outstripped supply, and scientists have turned to developing Paclitaxel in plant cells followed by industrial fermentation. Through Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, we can be generating Paclitaxel in bacteria/Fungal cell cultures instead of plant cell cultures

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 Keywords

Taxus Baccata, Taxus Brevifolia, Aspergillus Fumigatus, Paclitaxel, HPLC, Cytochrome P-450, Plant Tissue Culture, 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), Endophytes.

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