Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The present study aimed to compare explosive leg strength among students studying in rural, semi-urban, and urban schools. A total 275 of school students from the three different school were selected as participants. Explosive leg strength was assessed using the Vertical Jump Test, which is commonly used to evaluate the power of the lower limb muscles. Results: The calculated t-value as follow for boys (G1 = 0.838, G2 = 0.632, G3 = 0.837) and girls (G1 = 0.110, G2 = 0.047, G3 = 0.98) less than the table value at the 0.01 level. Conclusion: - There is no significant difference between the school students (girls and boys) in term of explosive leg strength (p < 0.01). The analysis of the study revealed no significance difference in explosive leg strength Among school students.

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 Keywords

physical fitness, explosive strength, vertical jump, school students, rural, semi-urban, urban, girls & boys.

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BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is common due to its weight-bearing function. Reduced hamstring and quadriceps flexibility impairs movement, increases injury risk, and limits mobility. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) improves range of motion and flexibility in a gentle manner. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of MET on hamstring flexibility and functional performance in patients with knee OA. METHODOLOGY: Thirty patients (40-60 years) were divided into Group A (MET + conventional, n=15) and Group B (conventional, n=15). Treatment was given 6 days/week for 3 weeks. Outcomes measured were Active Knee Extension (AKE), WOMAC, and NPRS. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant within-group improvement (p<=0.05). Between groups, Group A showed greater improvement: AKE (right) p=0.001, AKE (left) p=0.03, WOMAC p=0.03, and NPRS p=0.001. CONCLUSION: The result of the present study concluded that there was an effectiveness of the muscle energy technique on hamstring flexibility and functional performance in patients with OA knee, as well as there was also a reduction in pain in patients with OA knee.

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 Keywords

Hamstring, Muscle Energy Technique, Flexibility, AKE, WOMAC

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Due to the fast growth of automobiles and thescarcityofparkingspots,smartparking managementhasbecomeacrucialnecessity in contemporary urban settings. Conven- tional parking arrangements frequently re- sultintrafficjams,wastedtime,andtrouble locatingopenspaces.Thisprojectsuggests aDeepLearningBasedSmartParkingSys- tem that makes it simple for users to keep an eye on and reserve parking spaces in a variety of places, including shopping cen- ters,medicalfacilities,andofficebuildings. The system analyzes parking occupancy and dynamically initializes parking spaces for each zone using real-world parking da- tasets. The availability of slots can be shown by users, who can then choose and reservetheirchosentimeperiodfora certain amount of time. Additionally, the system automatically de- terminestheparkingpriceatasetrateof INR20perhourbasedonthedurationofpark- ing. In order to assist customers in finding appropriate parking spots quickly, the sys- tem also recommends the best available parkingspacesinsideeachzone.Thissmart parking management strategy increases userconvenience,decreasestrafficinpark- ing lots, and increases efficiency. The sug- gested method shows how automation and data-driven technology can help smart cit- ies manage parking more effectively.

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 Keywords

Smart Parking System, Deep Learning,ParkingSlotBooking,DataAna- lytics, Smart City, Parking Management

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 Abstract

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks targeting UDP protocols continue to pose significant threats to network infrastructure, with traditional blocking-based defenses proving insufficient against sophisticated attack patterns. This paper presents a novel deception-based defense mechanism that employs dynamic destination mutation and decoy traffic diversion to protect servers from UDP flood attacks while gathering counter-intelligence on attackers. Unlike conventional approaches that rely solely on traffic filtering or rate limiting, our system operates at the gateway level to redirect malicious traffic to decoy systems, enabling continuous service availability while collecting valuable metadata about attack patterns. The proposed architecture implements real-time traffic monitoring, automated bot detection, and encrypted metadata collection without requiring payload inspection or endpoint trust assumptions. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves 94% attack traffic diversion accuracy while maintaining legitimate service availability above 99.2%. This work contributes to the advancement of cyber deception techniques by introducing a practical, scalable solution for UDP DDoS mitigation that transforms passive defense into active intelligence gathering.

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DDoS, UDP Flood, Cyber Deception, Decoy Systems, Network Security, Traffic Diversion, Moving Target Defense

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Breast cancer, anxiety, fatigue, postmenopausal women, GAD-7, Fatigue Severity Scale

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In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain have emerged as two of the most influential technologies transforming modern industries. AI focuses on enabling machines to mimic human intelligence and decision-making processes, while blockchain provides a decentralized and secure method for recording and storing digital information. When these two technologies are combined, they create new opportunities for improving transparency, security, and efficiency across various sectors. The integration of AI with blockchain allows organizations to process large datasets securely, automate decision-making, and improve trust in digital transactions. This paper examines the benefits of combining blockchain technology with artificial intelligence. It reviews existing research on how these technologies complement each other and highlights their applications in areas such as healthcare, finance, supply chain management, cybersecurity, and urban planning. In addition, the paper discusses technical challenges, privacy concerns, and future research opportunities associated with the integration of AI and blockchain technologies.

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Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Cybersecurity, Smart Contracts, Data Security

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Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (MCX) is the leading platform for commodity derivatives trading in India. Aluminium, with a great industrial demand in sectors such as construction and transportation, is actively traded on MCX. Analyzing the relationship between aluminium spot and related futures prices helps to understand how well futures prices reflect the underlying spot market. Thus, this study analyse the connection between the aluminium cash prices and related futures prices on MCX from 1st April, 2017 to 31st March, 2024. To achieve the objective, various techniques were applied including descriptive statistics, lag order selection criteria, unit root analysis, and the Johansen's co-integration. Findings from unit root analysis confirmed that the price series follow a first-order integration process, I(1) and the Johansen's co-integration analysis reveals a stable equilibrium link between the two aluminium price series in the long-term, suggesting that they move together over time despite short-term fluctuations.

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relationship, MCX, co-integration, aluminium, spot and related futures price.

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The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed the way customers purchase products online. One of the most important features influencing customer satisfaction is the order tracking system. This study focuses on analyzing the customer perception of order tracking features in e-commerce applications with special reference to Tirupur City. The main objective of the study is to understand how customers view and use order tracking services provided by online shopping platforms. The research examines factors such as transparency, real-time updates, delivery status information, and reliability of tracking systems. Primary data were collected from customers through a structured questionnaire, and the responses were analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis, ranking method, and chi-square test. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of order tracking features and their impact on customer satisfaction and trust. The findings reveal that most customers prefer applications that provide accurate and timely tracking updates. The study also highlights the importance of improving tracking transparency to enhance customer experience. Finally, the research provides suggestions for e-commerce companies to improve their tracking systems and strengthen customer relationships.

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Order Tracking, E-commerce Applications, Customer Perception, Delivery Status, Real-Time Tracking, Customer Satisfaction, Online Shopping, Tirupur City.

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Job and internship fraud is a growing concern on digital recruitment platforms, often leading to financial loss and exploitation of applicants. This paper presents an AI-based authenticity verification system designed to detect and flag suspicious job and internship postings. The proposed model leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to analyze posting content, recruiter details, and linguistic cues, while machine learning classifiers are trained on datasets of genuine and fraudulent postings to identify anomalies. The system generates a reliability score and alerts users to potential risks, thereby ensuring a safer application process. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach significantly improves trust and security in online career ecosystems, providing a practical solution to the increasing problem of fraudulent employment opportunities.

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Job Authenticity Verification, Internship Fraud Detection, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Online Career Platforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As we all know investment is an immense concept. While this study will explore the investor perspective and awareness in choosing stock market as a main stream for their investment among various alternatives. In this prevalent locale there is numerous investment options are accessible to investors like investment in real estate, bullion, gold bars, fixed deposits etc., among these options stock market is an eye-catching path intended for investors to make their investment, owing to its massive augmentation over a period of time. The fundamental motive of this research seeks to scrutinize the inquisitiveness and comportment of working women professionals towards stock market. One of the considerable complications, we came across the survey is that there is an insufficient familiarity and practical knowledge among women professionals to take over their investment in stock market. This exploration assists us to realize ideology and views of working women professionals with respect to stock market.

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 Keywords

Stock market, Stock Exchange, Investment behavior, Awareness, Investor perception, Commerce Graduates

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition