Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Abstract: This study has been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding selected natural pain relief methods during labour among primigravida mothers. A pre-experimental research design was adopted, utilizing a quantitative approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 60 primigravida mothers attending regular antenatal checkups at Govt. District Hospital Dindori. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. The pretest revealed that 78.3% of the mothers had inadequate knowledge regarding natural pain relief methods. Following the structured teaching programme, the post-test showed significant improvement, with 63.3% of mothers gaining adequate knowledge. The mean post-test knowledge score (21.43) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (10.32) with a paired 't' test value of 20.449, proving the teaching programme's effectiveness. There was no significant association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. The structured teaching programme is an effective means to prepare primigravida mothers for childbirth naturally.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index Terms - Natural pain relief, Labour pain, primigravida mothers, Structured teaching programme, Non-pharmacological strategies.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study is about the humour books of P. L. Deshpande affects the mood and positivity of adult readers in Mumbai in 2025-26. Humour is important in our lives because it helps us feel better. It helps us emotionally and culturally. Not many people have studied how humour books from our region affect our well-being. This research wants to find out if reading P. L. Deshpande's books make people feel better, more optimistic and gives them an outlook on life. We got information from 100 adult readers using a Google Form survey. We did the survey on purpose and some people who knew about P. L. Deshpande's books helped us. We looked at the answers to see how humour helps with stress. Makes people feel comfortable. This study wants to show that humour in books is not for fun it also helps people. It helps people feel better and be more positive. P. L. Deshpandes humour books and humour literature are important for our well-being. Humour literature helps adult readers feel better and be more positive. P. L. Deshpandes humour books are good for adult readers because they help with mood and positivity. Mood and positivity are very important for adult readers like us. We should read humour literature like P. L. Deshpandes books because it is good for our well-being.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

P. L. Deshpande, Humour Literature, Mood, Positivity, Emotional Well-being, Adult Readers, Marathi Literature, Urban Stress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rural Tourism, Sustainable Development, Digital Cultural Heritage, Cross-Cultural Exchange, Digital Storytelling, User Experience Design, Digital Village.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A series of novel pyridine-based Schiff base derivatives (PMB-1-PMB-8) were designed and synthesized via condensation reactions between pyridine-containing amines and substituted aromatic aldehydes. Structural variation was introduced through systematic modification of alkyl substituents on the phenyl ring to investigate their influence on molecular and electronic properties. The optimized geometries of all compounds were obtained using density functional theory (DFT), providing insight into their conformational features and stability. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, including HOMO, LUMO, HOMO-1, and LUMO+1, was performed to evaluate the electronic distribution and charge transfer characteristics. The results revealed that electron density is primarily localized over the aromatic and imine (-C=N-) moieties, indicating effective conjugation within the molecular framework. A gradual increase in HOMO energy values from PMB-1 to PMB-8 was observed, suggesting that elongation of the alkyl chain enhances electron-donating effects and modulates the electronic behavior of the compounds. These findings demonstrate that structural modification through alkyl substitution significantly influences the electronic properties of pyridine-based Schiff bases, making them promising candidates for applications in materials science and molecular electronics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

pyridine, Frontier molecular orbital, density functional theory, Schiff bases

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines how the United States has leveraged economic and technological interdependence as instruments of strategic coercion against India. The concept of "weaponized interdependence" wherein states controlling key nodes in global networks extract strategic advantage to the contemporary US-India relationship. The study identifies three primary mechanisms of American leverage. First, through financial hegemony, the United States has deployed extraterritorial sanctions against Indian entities, most notably the February 2026 designation of Elevate Marine Management for transporting Iranian petroleum, demonstrating how dollar-based financial architecture enables Washington to penalize transactions with no direct American nexus. Second, through technological export controls governed by ITAR and EAR regulations, American bureaucratic processes continue to impede Indian businesses and defence collaborations, creating what Indian policymakers characterize as "strategic lock-in" rather than genuine partnership. The proposed F-35 fighter jet sale exemplified this dynamic, offering advanced technology contingent upon restrictions on source code access, weapons integration, and logistical independence--conditions India ultimately rejected. Third, through market access leveraged via punitive tariffs, the Trump administration imposed fifty percent tariffs on Indian goods in 2025, explicitly linking trade penalties to India's continued procurement of Russian oil.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

weaponized interdependence, US-India relations, strategic autonomy, economic statecraft, export controls, sanctions, Tariff, market access, technical.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper highlight the use of numerous Indian vernacular words and phrases including city dialects in Arvind Adiga's "Last Man in Tower"', which is published in 2011. The setting of the novel is Mumbai where the future of the city is decided by big businessmen and progress is measured in terms of skyscrapers. When Mumbai is emerging as a commercial and financial hub, the use of urban vernacular is developed side by side. After all, the use of dialect identifies where a person hail from. It is observed that the form of language used in this novel shows the rude behaviour and control over others by real estate broker of Mumbai and also it throws light on social economic and political impact on the then society. The city dialects like Mafia, Pucca, Masterji, Kachdawali, Dhoti, Banian, Biriyani and a lot; the use of such words are very prominent in this novel. The phrase "the real estate mafia" signifies that the novel sheds the light on corruption in modern society like Mumbai. It is a dialectical form of language which displays the social superiority and status in the hierarchical set up in modern Mumbai. Here we can get a clear vision that how city life and it's dialects influence individual lives and behaviour connecting to the central motif and theme of its fiction.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

City dialect, vernacular, dialectical, language

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are one of the most prevalent anorectal disorders affecting a large segment of the population worldwide. The condition is characterized by dilatation and engorgement of the hemorrhoidal venous plexus in the anal canal, leading to symptoms such as bleeding per rectum, pain, prolapse, and itching. In Ayurveda, hemorrhoids are described as Arsha, which is included among the Ashta Mahagada (eight dreadful diseases) by Acharya Sushruta due to its chronicity and difficulty in management. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe detailed etiological factors, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment modalities including Bheshaja Chikitsa (conservative therapy), Kshara Karma, Agnikarma, and Shastra Karma. Modern medicine also recognizes hemorrhoids as a common anorectal condition associated with lifestyle factors such as constipation, prolonged sitting, and low-fiber diet. Treatment in modern medicine ranges from conservative management to minimally invasive procedures and surgical hemorrhoidectomy. This article aims to compare the Ayurvedic and modern concepts of hemorrhoids, focusing on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. Special emphasis is given to Ayurvedic parasurgical procedures such as Kshara Sutra therapy, which has shown promising results as a minimally invasive and cost-effective treatment modality for hemorrhoids. The integration of Ayurvedic and modern knowledge may offer improved therapeutic outcomes and better patient compliance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hemorrhoids, Arsha, Ayurveda, Kshara Sutra, Shalya Tantra, Comparative study

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: It has been proved that strength is reduced in type 2 diabetes, however not much research is done on the intervention for same. Our study involves evaluating the effectiveness of a progressive resistance exercise regimen to enhance strength, improve overall energy levels and physical function of type 2 diabetic patients using Modified Sphygmomanometer Scale (MSS) and Modified Fatigue Impairment Scale (MFIS). The study design was experimental while the type was intervention. The study was done over the period of 6 months with a sample size of 40 and the study was set up in diabetic clinics in and around Pune. The target population was type 2 diabetics and simple random sampling method was used. The MSS sore post protocol had an average increase of 2.7 and 1.85 for upper limb and lower limb respectively, with a p value of <0.0001. The MFIS score showed statistically significant decrease in fatigue of individuals in intervention group on the physical, cognitive and psychological subscales post protocol.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Type 2 diabetes, progressive resistance exercise, Modified sphygmomanometer scale, MFIS.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In American literature of the twentieth century, the idea of identity has taken a central role and has been used primarily in stories that explore the experience of immigrants and their moral transformation. The book The Assistant narrates the ethical and psychological path of a young Italian-American drifter Frank Alpine who is slowly changing due to his encounter with Morris Bober a Jewish grocer in Brooklyn. The story contains such themes as guilt, redemption, ethnicity, and human kindness. This research article discusses the way Malamud formulates identity as a moral process as opposed to a particular cultural aspect. The study examines the theme of character development, symbolism and morals in the novel using textual analysis and thematic interpretation. The results show that in the novel identity comes out of suffering, responsibility, and compassion towards other people. In conclusion of the study, it is concluded that Malamud and the way she gives a reflection of an identity demonstrates the general immigrant experience that takes place in America and puts into fore the universal human values.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Identity, Jewish identity, redemption, immigrant experience, moral transformation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Modern distributed systems demand proactive and intelligent incident management to maintain service reliability and reduce mean time to recovery (MTTR). This paper presents AgileCopilot, a proof-of-concept AI-powered Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) module that integrates Machine Learning (ML) anomaly detection with Generative AI root cause analysis (RCA). The system comprises four components: a Victim Service simulating a live web application with controllable fault injection, an ML-based Watchdog using the Isolation Forest algorithm, an AI Investigator powered by Gemini Generative AI, and a real-time Streamlit monitoring dashboard. The Watchdog monitors CPU utilization, memory consumption, and HTTP response latency; upon detecting an anomaly validated by a heuristic intensity filter, it triggers the AI Investigator to produce a structured JSON report containing the root cause and remediation steps. Experimental results demonstrate accurate detection of injected anomalies while suppressing false positives during normal operation, validating the effectiveness of combining unsupervised ML with rule-based filtering. AgileCopilot demonstrates the viability of embedding autonomous SRE intelligence into software engineering workflows.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Site Reliability Engineering, Anomaly Detection, Isolation Forest, Generative AI, Root Cause Analysis, AIOps, Streamlit, Chaos Engineering, Incident Management, Machine Learning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition