Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

John Donne's poetry is seldom direct and melodious. Instead, it often sounds like someone vehemently arguing in a heated debate in a tone that is keen, curious and genuinely trying to convince someone irrespective of whether it is God, Death or a lover at the receiving end. His poems become the meeting point of logic and emotion. The present research explores Donne's juxtaposition of rhetorical devices in his metaphysical poetry. An analysis of some of his poems, for instance, 'A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning', 'The Flea', 'The Sun Rising', 'A Hymn to God the Father', 'Batter My Heart', 'Death Be Not Proud' and other poems, exhibit witty arguments, new insights, and unique conceits that persuade the readers to trust him unquestionably. The strong emotions are bedded in scientific proof. Paradox renders novelty and the facts serve as evidence for this claim. Donne's poetry thinks through feelings. This paved the way for a later generation of dramatic but intellectual poetry.

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 Keywords

John Donne; rhetoric; metaphysical poetry; conceit; apostrophe; paradox; persuasion

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Agricultural marketing channels usually consist of different types of intermediaries including village traders commission agents wholesalers; processors and retailers who may be involved in the following functions: grading; packaging; storage; transportation; and value-added services. Farmers who operate in traditional marketing channels rely upon numerous intermediaries because of limited access to the necessary infrastructure to support their needs and/or insufficient access to reliable and timely market information. As such, farmers have limited negotiating power when it comes to setting prices for their products and, therefore, only receive a small share of the final consumer price. In contrast to traditional marketing channels, organized marketing channels include cooperative marketing contract farming vertically integrated poultry firms etc. to provide a greater degree of coordination transparency and operational efficiency for both the producer and the consumer. The use of organized marketing channels will assist in stabilizing poultry prices maintaining poultry quality standards and providing consumers with a continuous supply of poultry products. Infrastructure development, particularly cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport are critical components in maintaining the freshness and reducing spoilage of poultry products. The use of digital marketing platforms and advanced market information systems by producers will improve farmers' access to markets and allow farmers to make more informed decisions.

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: Agricultural marketing, intermediaries, traditional channels, organized channels, contract farming, vertical integration, cold storage, digital marketing, price stability, farmer income.

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Energy auditing is a process used to discover energy losses in these structures. The walk-through auditing technique is used to examine the energy consumption of the Vishwavidyalaya Engineering College Ambikapur dormitory building within the academic sector. The energy audit is based on real-time energy usage measurements. The data collected during the energy audit are used to identify the energy losses of the building. The results show that the energy savings of the hostel building are higher than those of the other buildings. In addition, the energy saving of the student hostel building is also higher than that of the student's hostel building. As a consequence, as compared to energy-efficient structural designs, hostel buildings often use more energy than required.

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Energy assessment, Energy Consumption, Energy efficiency, Bill Saving.

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Nasal disease represents a major public health concern, especially in developing countries like India. The nasal cavity serves as the primary passage for respiration and plays a significant role in conditioning of inspired air, humidification, and temperature regulation. Any disturbance in the anatomical or physiological function of the nose may result in significant morbidities. In Ayurveda, the nose is regarded as Nasa Hi Sirso Dwaram (gateway to the head), highlighting its anatomical and physiological importance. Among the various Nasaroga (nasal diseases) described, Nasanaha is primarily characterized by obstruction of the nasal passage. This review article seeks to critically evaluate the concept of Nasanaha through Ayurvedic references and to establish correlation with comparable conditions in contemporary medical science.

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NASAROGA, NASANAHA, NASA HI SIRSO DWARAM

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The emergence of e-commerce has brought about a dynamic shift in consumer shopping experiences, altering how consumers interact with fashion and apparel. The purpose of this study is to compare how customers shop for clothing and fashion through these two channels. It examines important elements including convenience, affordability, product variety, shopping experiences, and the return and exchange policy. The study also looks at how age, gender, and income level affect people's shopping preferences. The survey was administered through a structured Questionnaire. Analysing the data collected using statistical tools like chi square, regression.

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Consumer Experiences, Online Shopping, Offline Shopping, Convenience, Affordability, Product Variety, Shopping Experiences

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Effectiveness of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in Rural Women Empowerment: A Sociological Analysis of Basti District, Uttar Pradesh

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Women Empowerment, Self Help Groups, Rural Development, Basti District, Sociological Study

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ABSTRACT Adolescence is a critical stage of growth and development characterized by significant physical, psychological, and hormonal changes. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is increasingly observed among adolescent girls. Lack of awareness regarding early identification and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome can lead to complications such as menstrual irregularities, infertility, obesity, and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Video Assisted Teaching Programme (VATP) on knowledge and attitude regarding early identification and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. A total of 60 adolescent girls studying in 1st year General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) and 1st year B.Sc Nursing were selected using non-probability convenience sampling from a selected nursing college in Udupi district. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and a modified 5-point Likert attitude scale. The teaching programme was administered after the pre-test and the post-test was conducted after seven days. Results showed that during the pre-test, most participants (82%) had moderate knowledge, 16% had good knowledge, and 2% had poor knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. After the intervention, 52% achieved excellent knowledge, 40% had good knowledge, and only 8% had moderate knowledge. The mean knowledge score improved from 12.43 to 23.46. Attitude towards Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome also improved significantly, with favourable attitude increasing from 55% in the pre-test to 100% in the post-test. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in knowledge (t = 12.83, p < 0.05) and attitude (t = 14.292, p < 0.05) after the intervention. The study concluded that the Video Assisted Teaching Programme was effective in improving knowledge and attitude regarding early identification and management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. Educational interventions can play an important role in promoting awareness and early management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among young women.

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Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Adolescent girls, Knowledge, Attitude, Video assisted teaching programme.

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Introduction - Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental condition that affects brain function, leading to challenges in communication, social interaction, and imaginative play. Autism often impacts parents and those around the child more than the child themselves, due to unusual behaviors. In Ayurveda, 'Mano-upghaat' refers to a range of neuropsychological disorders that disrupt the normal functioning of cognitive and behavioral aspects, including Manas, Buddhi, Sangya, Smriti, Bhakti, Sheela, Cheshta, and Achara. Aims and Objectives - To assess the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments and therapies--such as Panchakarma and Viddhakarma--along with lifestyle modifications, in the holistic management of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Material and Method - A 2-year-5-month-old male patient was selected for the study, presented with complaints of speech impairment, poor eye contact, unable to walk without support, reduced attention and concentration, unable to follow commands or instructions, and scared of people around him. Result- The child showed noticeable improvement: better eye contact, responsiveness to instructions, reduced fear of strangers, and independent walking with 5-6 steps. Conclusion - Factors like digital exposure, limited parent-child communication, sedentary lifestyle, and reduced social interaction contribute to stress and mental health issues. Ayurvedic therapies like Panchakarma strengthen both body and mind, while Viddha Karma helps clear vascular obstructions and stimulate nerve endings. Combined with oral medications, they show effective results in managing Autism.

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Mano-upghaat, Panchakarma, Viddhakarma, Manas, Buddhi, Smriti

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This paper examines insurgency-induced trauma in Easterine Kire's Life on Hold (2011), situating the novella within the socio-political history of Nagaland. Set against the backdrop of prolonged conflict between Naga nationalist groups and the Indian state, the narrative portrays the emotional, physical, and economic disturbances experienced by ordinary civilians in Kohima. Drawing upon Cathy Caruth's concept of trauma as an overwhelming event that returns through repetition and Dominick LaCapra's notions of "acting out" and "working through," the study analyses how violence, extortion, factional killings, and political instability disrupt individual and collective life. Through the character of Nimenuo (Nime), Kire represents the long-lasting psychological scars produced by insurgency--manifested in fear, silence, anxiety, dreams, and fractured relationships. The novella further highlights the gendered dimensions of trauma, as women endure silent suffering while negotiating familial responsibilities amidst uncertainty. By documenting the lived experiences of common people, Life on Hold emerges as an important literary testimony of collective memory and cultural crisis. The paper argues that Kire's work not only records historical trauma but also reflects on resilience, survival, and the persistent longing for peace in a conflict-ridden society.

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Insurgency, Trauma, Collective Memory, Nagaland, Easterine Kire, Political Violence

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This research paper examines Chetan Bhagat's The Girl in Room 105 as a reflective narrative of contemporary Indian social realities, focusing on the intersections of love, communal identity, gender, politics, and digital culture. Through a close textual analysis, the study explores how personal relationships are shaped by structural inequalities and socio-political tensions, particularly in relation to religious polarization and gendered vulnerability. The novel is analyzed as a critique of institutional failure, where justice is influenced by power, ideology, and media narratives rather than ethical accountability. Additionally, the paper investigates the role of digital technology in mediating truth, surveillance, and emotional connection, highlighting its ethical implications in modern society. By tracing the moral transformation of the protagonist, the study argues that Bhagat presents moral responsibility as a relational and ongoing process grounded in self-awareness, empathy, and ethical courage. The paper ultimately positions The Girl in Room 105 as a significant contribution to contemporary Indian English fiction that uses popular narrative form to engage with complex social and ethical concerns.

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 Keywords

Communal identity, Gender vulnerability, Moral responsibility, Digital culture, Contemporary Indian fiction

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