Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This research examines the emotional struggles and the formation of gendered subjectivity in Manju Kapur's Difficult Daughters. Set against the backdrop of pre-Partition India, the novel explores the complex inner life of Virmati, a woman caught between her personal desires and the rigid expectations imposed by a patriarchal society. Rather than focusing primarily on the political events of the time, Kapur foregrounds the psychological and emotional conflicts experienced by women whose lives are shaped by family obligations, social norms, and limited opportunities for autonomy. Through Virmati's journey, the narrative reveals how gendered expectations influence the ways women understand themselves and negotiate their identities.

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 Keywords

Gendered subjectivity, emotional struggle, patriarchy, female identity, agency, Difficult Daughters.

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 Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacillus that colonises the gastric mucosa and is implicated in a spectrum of gastrointestinal pathologies, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinogenesis. The infection is at high prevalence worldwide, especially in poor sanitation and socio-economic deprived areas of the world where transmission favouring is. Aim: This investigation aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and lifestyle-related risk determinants linked to H. pylori infection of patients attending a gastroenterology outpatient clinic. Methods: The descriptive, non-experimental survey design was adopted. One hundred and twenty patients who were diagnosed with H. pylori were purposely sampled. Data were collected from October 2025 to December 2025, in Rungta Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Structured questionnaires and demographic proformas were used to determine the knowledge, lifestyle habits and possible risk factors associated with the infection from the participants. Results: The cohort comprised of 56.6 percent male participants. Fifty and two per cent of the respondents had fair knowledge about H. pylori, while 48 per cent had limited knowledge. Some 45.83 per cent of the participants reported having a family history of the infection. Identified risk factors from the lifestyle included erratic eating patterns, prolonged fasting, unhealthy diets, psychosocial stress, and eating very hot or cold foods. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for an increased public awareness and specific health education campaigns targeting decreases in the prevalence of H. pylori and the adoption of healthier lifestyle behaviors.

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 Keywords

Helicobacter pylori, Gastrointestinal infection, Knowledge and awareness, Risk factors, Lifestyle factors, Peptic ulcer disease, Gastric health, Outpatient department patients, Health education, Socio-demographic factors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Eichhornia crassipes, Alternaria petroselini, bioherbicide, media optimization, phytotoxicity

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Emotional competence plays an important role in the teaching profession, particularly at the elementary level where teachers interact closely with young learners and influence their emotional and social development. Teachers with higher emotional competence are better able to understand students' feelings, manage classroom situations effectively, and create a supportive learning environment. The present study was conducted to examine the emotional competence of elementary school teachers in relation to gender and locale. The descriptive survey method was used for the investigation. A sample of 200 elementary school teachers was randomly selected from government elementary schools located in rural and urban areas of Bathinda district, Punjab. The Emotional Competence Scale developed by Dahiya and Gahlawat (2018) was used as the tool for data collection. The scale measures five dimensions of emotional competence: self-awareness, adaptability, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The collected data were analysed using the t-test to determine the significance of differences between groups. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in emotional competence among elementary school teachers with respect to gender and locale. The results indicated that male teachers scored higher on emotional competence than female teachers. Similarly, urban teachers showed higher emotional competence compared to rural teachers. The study highlights the importance of emotional competence in improving teaching effectiveness and maintaining healthy teacher-student relationships. The findings suggest that training programmes and professional development workshops should be organised to enhance the emotional competence of teachers, especially those working in rural schools. Strengthening teachers' emotional skills can contribute to better classroom management, improved student engagement, and a more positive educational environment.

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 Keywords

Emotional Competence, Elementary School Teachers, Gender Differences, Locale (Rural and Urban), Emotional Intelligence, Teacher Effectiveness, Classroom Environment, Professional Development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pranavaya - Medical-Yogic-Science and its Physician 'Yogi-Doctors': Part 1: Story, Historical Figures, Linking Pranavaya, Yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha

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Pranavaya - Medical-Yogic-Science and its Physician 'Yogi-Doctors': Part 1: Story, Historical Figures, Linking Pranavaya, Yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Occupational stress, relaxation techniques, corporate workers, progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, mental health nursing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traditional values persist, especially in tribal and patriarchal societies, but the roles of women and men have undergone gradual changes in modern times. This study examines perceptions of masculinity in a contemporary tribal society. It is a qualitative study with primary data collected from the Mizos of Mizoram, India. The data were analyzed using Anthropac software. The study investigated how masculinity is defined and the traits attributed to men. While both genders expect a Mizo male to be responsible and reliable, there are gendered differences in perceptions: Men focus more on physical qualities, while women emphasize family responsibilities.

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Masculinity, Gender, Male roles, Unmanly

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The pursuit of social justice is a central commitment of the Indian Constitution, and the judiciary has emerged as a crucial institution in translating this commitment into lived realities for marginalised communities. Among the most historically excluded groups are transgender and gender-diverse persons, collectively referred to as the third gender. This paper critically examines the role of the Indian judiciary in advancing social justice for the third gender, with special reference to the landmark decision in National Legal Services Authority v Union of India (2014). The analysis is situated within theoretical perspectives of justice, including distributive, corrective, procedural, and recognition-based justice, and is further contextualised within the liberal world order's emphasis on human rights, dignity, and individual autonomy. The paper also explores India's ancient cultural and civilisational recognition of gender plurality, challenging the notion that third-gender rights are a modern or Western import. It argues that NALSA represents a transformative moment in Indian constitutional jurisprudence, though significant gaps remain between judicial recognition and social reality.

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 Keywords

Third Gender, Social Justice, Judiciary, NALSA, Constitutional Morality, Liberal World Order

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing complexity of artificial intelligence models has significantly amplified the demand for high-performance computing systems. Conventional electronic processors such as CPUs and GPUs face critical limitations related to power consumption, heat generation, and data movement bottlenecks. These challenges restrict the scalability of modern deep learning applications. Photonic Neural Networks (PNNs) have emerged as a promising alternative that utilizes optical signals instead of electrical currents to perform neural computations. By exploiting the high speed and parallel nature of light propagation, photonic systems can perform matrix operations with extremely low latency and energy consumption. This paper explores the architecture and operational principles of hybrid photonic neural networks designed for ultra-fast AI acceleration. The study discusses optical matrix multiplication, silicon photonic integration, system advantages, and technical challenges associated with photonic AI hardware. The analysis indicates that hybrid photonic computing architectures can significantly enhance computational speed while reducing energy usage compared to conventional electronic processors. These capabilities make photonic neural networks a promising technology for next-generation artificial intelligence systems.

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Photonic Neural Networks, Optical Computing, Silicon Photonics, Artificial Intelligence Acceleration, Energy-Efficient Computing, Optical Matrix Multiplication

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Narrative authority often shifts when literary texts are adapted into visual media, as storytelling moves from the controlled structure of written narration to the interpretive possibilities of film and television. This shift typically occurs because visual media rely less on verbal narration and more on images, performance, and cinematic perspective to convey meaning. As a result, authority that once belonged to a narrator or narrative structure in the text may be redistributed among characters, directors, and visual framing. This paper examines this transformation through the digital and visual adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In the original Sherlock Holmes stories, narrative authority is largely mediated through Dr. Watson, whose role as narrator shapes the reader's understanding of Holmes's actions and maintains a certain narrative distance. Similarly, Frankenstein employs a layered narrative structure composed of letters and personal testimonies, distributing narrative authority across multiple voices and limiting direct access to events. However, when these works are adapted for film and television, their narrative frameworks are reconfigured to meet the demands of visual storytelling. Using a comparative approach, this study explores how narrative authority is redistributed in these adaptations. Many screen versions of Sherlock Holmes reduce Watson's narrative role and present Holmes directly through visual action and reasoning. Likewise, adaptations of Frankenstein often emphasize the creature's emotional presence, altering the moral focus of the narrative. The paper argues that visual adaptations do not merely reproduce literary texts but actively reinterpret them by shifting narrative authority within the storytelling process.

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 Keywords

Narrative Authority, Adaptation Studies, Digital Adaptation, Sherlock Holmes, Frankenstein, Visual Media, Literature-to-Screen Adaptation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition