Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

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Gestational weight gain, Breastfeeding initiation, Cesarean section, Antenatal exercise, BMI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The CNC machine which was introduced in the late 1970s has improved its utilization drastically over the years. The goal of the project is to design a cost-effective three-axis CNC plotter machine with multiple applications. The 3-axis plotter machine works with the use of a stepper motor, Arduino UNO and microcontroller software. Its framework involves mechanical system design, wiring and software tools. The principle behind the plotter machine is computer numerical control which gives input to the plotter from a computer program. The Arduino UNO and CNC shield drivers enable consistent and accurate step control of stepper motors. The Inkscape is utilised to transform any desired picture into a Gcode file for the machine to work.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Arduino, CNC, stepper motors, Inkscape software, G-code file

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Kalama Sutta (Anguttara Nikaya 3.65), one of the most celebrated discourses in the Pali Canon, presents the Buddha's exhortation to the Kalama people to evaluate teachings not by tradition, lineage, or authority, but by their observable consequences in one's own experience. This paper argues that the epistemological and pedagogical framework embedded in the Kalama Sutta offers a profound and practical model for fostering critical thinking in contemporary higher education. Drawing on Buddhist philosophy, educational theory, and neuroscience, the paper explores how the Sutta's ten criteria for evaluating knowledge map onto modern pedagogical approaches such as inquiry-based learning, Socratic dialogue, and reflective practice. It also examines institutional challenges to implementing such a framework, including epistemic dependence, authority bias, and the cultural dimensions of learning. By positioning the Kalama Sutta as a trans-historical guide to intellectual maturity, the paper calls for a renewed engagement with Buddhist epistemology as a resource for transforming university education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian cement industry, being the second-largest in the world, is a critical driver of infrastructure and economic development. However, it faces persistent challenges such as long lead times, high inventory costs, operational inefficiencies, and waste across the supply chain. This paper explores the application of lean manufacturing principles, particularly Value Stream Mapping (VSM), as a strategic tool for optimizing supply chain management in cement manufacturing. Through a detailed case study of a medium-scale cement plant in India, the study identifies key supply chain wastes--overproduction, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion, over-processing, and defects--and proposes a future-state VSM to streamline material and information flows. The findings reveal that VSM can significantly reduce lead times, lower inventory levels, improve throughput, and enhance customer satisfaction. Despite implementation challenges such as capital investment and resistance to change, the study underscores the transformative potential of lean supply chain practices in achieving operational excellence and sustainability in the Indian cement sector.

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supply chain management, cement industry, lean manufacturing, value stream mapping, India, process optimization, waste elimination

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This research study focuses on the coverage of rural issues in Indian regional newspapers. Rural India forms a major part of the country's population, and newspapers play an important role in informing citizens about social, economic, and political developments in villages. The purpose of this research is to examine how regional newspapers report rural matters, what types of issues receive attention, and whether the concerns of rural communities are presented in a fair and detailed manner. The study analyses the nature of rural reporting by examining factors such as the frequency of coverage, depth of information, focus on development issues, representation of farmers and marginalized groups, and the balance between event-based news and analytical reporting. It also observes whether rural problems such as agricultural distress, lack of infrastructure, unemployment, healthcare, education, and local governance are discussed in a meaningful way or only reported as isolated incidents. The findings suggest that while regional newspapers regularly include rural news, much of the coverage tends to focus on daily happenings, government announcements, and political activities. In-depth investigations and data-based reporting on rural development are comparatively limited. This research highlights the important role regional newspapers play in shaping awareness about rural India. At the same time, it emphasises the need for stronger, more detailed, and people-centred reporting to ensure that rural issues receive the attention they deserve.

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Rural Issues, Indian Regional Newspapers, Rural Journalism, Media Coverage, Rural Development, Agricultural Distress, Infrastructure, Healthcare, Education, Local Governance, Farmers, Marginalized Communities

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The primary focus of this research is to analyze the bearing capacity and settlement behavior of strip footings on soft soil slopes. Footings near slope edges are often subjected to different stress distributions due to slope instability,. This study simulates the impacts of several types of loads, footing distance from the slope edge, and slope angle using the finite element method (using PLAXIS software). Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing geotechnical designs, particularly in hilly terrains or near embankments, where stability and bearing capacity are vital concerns. The bearing capacity of footings is a critical aspect of geotechnical engineering, affecting the stability and safety of structures. Extensive research has been conducted on footings placed on homogeneous soils, but in practice, soils are often layered, with different properties in each layer. Research has focused on improving understanding of alluvial soil slope, especially in without improved layers, impact the bearing capacity and settlement of footings.

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Bearing Capacity, Strip footing, Soil Slope, Soft Soil, Finite Element Method, PLAXIS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The goal of this research is to explore the link between the music preferences and personality traits of GenZ in India. With the rise of globalization, digital technologies, and cultural diversity among youth, this research will also examine how emotional regulation, social factors, background or cultural identity and level of exposure to the world also impact the choice of music.The data for this research was collected from primary sources by implementing a structured online questionnaire, to young people in India aged 18 to 27, with analysis being performed using SPSS. The analysis has indicated that personality traits, emotional regulation, social influence and globalisation strongly impact music preference. Conversely, demographic characteristics have little impact, highlighting the complex relationship with music and GenZ in India.

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Music Preferences, Personality Traits, Emotional Regulation, Social Influence, Cultural and Linguistic Influence, Influence of Globalisation

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This paper presents the design and development of a mobile electrostatic pesticide sprayer for horticultural applications. The system uses an electrostatic charging mechanism to electrically charge pesticide droplets, enabling better adhesion to plant surfaces and improved spraying efficiency. An Arduino UNO and Arduino Nano are used to control the spraying mechanism and system operation. The developed prototype sprays pesticide over the upper portion of plant leaves while reducing chemical wastage and human exposure. The proposed system demonstrates a simple and cost-effective approach for improving pesticide application in small and medium-scale agricultural fields.

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Electrostatic Spraying, Precision Agriculture, Pesticide Application, Agricultural Robotics, Arduino-Based Automation, Smart Farming

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This Project describe the design and implementation of real-time ultrasonic radar with target launcher integration using Arduino technology. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects by transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving their echos to calculate the distance of the target. A servo motor is used to rotate the ultrasonic sensor enabling scanning of a wider area and simulating radar-like operation. The detected distance and angle information is processed using the Arduino platform and programmed through Arduino the IDE. The system output is displayed on LCD providing real-time visual feedback of object position and distance. When an object is detected within a predefined range, a target launcher mechanism is automatically activated, demonstrating an effective combination of sensing and action. This project offers a low-cost and practical approach to understanding embedded systems, sensor interfacing, automation and real-time monitoring with potential applications in security systems, robotics and obstacle detection.

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Real Time Ultrasonic Radar with Target Launch Integration System: Ultrasonic sensor scans the object in 180 degree, LCD display shows target detected, the Arduino uno activates the missile launcher at same direction, the missile is launched automatically on detected object.

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The evolution of Indian English poetry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was marked by linguistic adaptation, cultural negotiation, and increasing participation of women writers. Among these early contributors, Sarojini Naidu emerged as a Seminal figure whose lyrical poetry intertwined aesthetic beauty with cultural representation and emergent expression of female subjectivity. Often celebrated as the ''Nightingale of India'', Naidu's poetic practice demonstrated how women could forge a voice in English while articulating indigenous experiences, social realities, and evolving gender consciousness. This paper examines Naidu's contribution to Indian English poetry by situating her work within the theoretical frameworks of post- colonial literature and feminist criticism. Through a review of scholarship and close readings of select poems such as ''In the Bazaars of Hyderabad'' and ''The Bangle Sellers'', this study explores how Naidu's lyricism, thematic choices and cultural imagery helped shape nascent tradition of Indian women's voices in English poetry. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how her poetic vision provided cultural precedents for later women poets such as Kamala Das and others, thereby laying early groundwork for subsequent interventions in gendered poetic expression.

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Key Words: representation, emergent, female subjectivity, aesthetic beauty, demonstrated, indigenous experiences, gender consciousness, social realties, Kamala Das, interventions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition