Volume 8 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Solar tree is a metal construction that resembles a actual tree. Solar panels are established on pinnacle of every branch. Generated power will be to be had to anybody and it�ll be used for charging batteries of cellular phones and portable computers. This paper describes the vital steps required for a successful final touch of this project. Additionally, this paper discusses advantages of this project for the students and the community. As a part of this paper describes an unique answer for the sun tree, alongside with important calculations, technical specifications, simple characteristics, working principle and three-D rendering of the chosen layout at its future location. The location around the solar tree would turn out to be an area in which college students and their buddies can gather to recharge their gadgets and, at the equal time, whilst they wait, exchange ideas, advices and their experiences with each other.

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Solar Tree: A Source of Energy

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The disposal of Industrial Waste is becoming a very large problem and industrial waste is increasing day by day. Now It is necessity to use the steel slag waste through technical development in each field. Its disposal causing severe health and environmental hazards in road construction industries is gradually gaining significant importance in India considering the disposal, environmental problems and gradual depletion of natural resources like soil and aggregates The waste material which is a by-product during the manufacturing of steel from steel industries is Steel Slag. The quantity of generation is around 24 lacs MT per year from (Ref.Report.CRRI-2010) different steel industries in the India. Presently, it has no applications and dumped haphazardly on the costly land available near the plants. In this study, a typical steel slag was collected from an M/s Tata Steel industry Pvt. Ltd. Jaipur , (M.S) in India and its feasibility for use in different layers of road construction was investigated. To improve its Geotechnical engineering properties, the Steel Slag material was mechanically stabilized with locally available soil in the range of 5 � 25%. to investigate their suitability in the construction of different layers of road Technical specification Geotechnical parameters of these stabilized mixes were evaluated. Construction of embankment, sub grade and sub base layer of Flexible pavement can be done through steel slag.

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USE OF STEEL SLAG IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

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In the current situation, Republic of India reaches the planet category equipment and prepared to contend with the highest leaders of the universe. Republic of India succeeds in launching the missiles and satellites, got well trained and unbeatable defense to safeguard the state and holding high category transportation facilities at intervals it. Republic of India full-grown into the prime role of transportation and rail business is that the key purpose of the Indian transport system. within the field of rail transportation, Republic of India got such a big amount of experiences whereas implementing the recent technologies. this text goes to debate regarding the high speed trains in Republic of India. This analysis might relate to the current scenario of the high speed trains within the world countries additionally as in our nation. The study would possibly embrace the initiation plan of the high speed rails in Republic of India. The calculable stations were hand-picked for the high speed rails and also the international countries like Japan, France, Korea, China area unit showing a lot of interest on funding Republic of India to complete the assignment. during this special amount Government of { Republic of India|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} fashioned a singular department for the high speed railways named High Speed Rail Corporation of India Ltd. This paper concentrates on the event and execution of the design was established by the govt. in a good manner. the japanese passenger train saw the appearance of options like Automatic Train management (ATC), Centralised control, shorter train lengths and ballastless tracks.

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High Speed Rail, Speed Train, Rail Transport, Train Routes

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The plastic wastes could be used in road construction and the field tests withstood the stress and proved that plastic wastes used after proper processing as an additive would enhance the life of the roads and also solve environmental problems. Plastic use in road construction is not new. It is already in use as PVC or HDPE pipe mat crossings built by cabling together PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or HDPE (high-density poly-ethylene) pipes to form plastic mats. Waste plastic is ground and made into powder; 3 to 4 % plastic is mixed with the bitumen. The durability of the roads laid out with shredded plastic waste is much more compared with roads with asphalt with the ordinary mix. The use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased the road life as well as will help to improve the environment and also creating a source of income.

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USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN CONSTRUCTION OF BITUMINOUS ROAD

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The study presented in this chapter shows that the fly ash can partially replace the sand in cement concretes. This type of fly concrete has lower density and manufacturing cost. it reduced coarse aggregate content and increases durability than those of cement concrete. The large production of fly ash in India ,which is more than 200 million tons per year at present which could increase to about 900 million tons per year over the next 20 years �need application that consume far more quantities than today�s applications allow .In this FA as substitute material (partial to total) for aggregate system (both fine and coarse) in concrete is attractive.

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Replacement of sand with fly ash, slump test, compression test.

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The main aim of this paper is to analyse the road accidents in Rajasthan state at divisional level. Analysis shows the distribution of road accidental deaths and injuries in Rajasthan. Moreover, road accidents are relatively higher in extreme weather and during working hours. Analysis of road accident scenario at division and districts level shows that there is a huge variation in fatality risk across. Fatality risk in 1divisionalout of 7 is higher than the all Rajasthan average. This paper present reviews on the road accident analysis in Rajasthan. In order to applaud the scale of the accident tragedy in the state, it is common exercise to relate the number of road accidents (deaths and injuries) in districts and division of Rajasthan.

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ROAD ACCIDENT ANALYSIS IN RAJASTHAN

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The Study has been undertaken because Road safety is an issue of major importance in all countries. Studies focused on geometric design and safety focuses on the improvement of highway design and to eliminate hazardous locations. The relationship between accident rates and geometric design elements is complex and not fully understood. Relatively little information is available on relationships regarding this. In this paper, road geometric design elements and characteristics are taken into consideration, and explanations are given on which extent they affect highway safety. Although it's been clearly shown that geometric elements like very short sight distances or sharp horizontal curve leads to a considerably higher accident rates which certain combinations of elements causes severe accident problem. It compares the results of studies in several countries and summarizes current international knowledge of relationship between safety and therefore the principal non-intersection geometric design parameters. These relationships between road geometric design and safety are studied through results made in different countries. In general, there's broad international agreement on these relationships.

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Study of Geometric Design & Safety on Expressways

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Through the process of fusing together layers of at least two different materials, laminated composite materials are created. These materials perform the function of a single unit. A number of characteristics, including as strength, rigidity, low weight, resistance to corrosion and wear, acoustical insulation, and others, may be highlighted by the processing of lamination. It is impossible to eliminate cuts in structures; nonetheless, the gaps that are created when they are required result in a decrease in the building's strength and rigidity. The critical buckling load of the laminated composite plate with cutout is compared in this research via the use of numerical methodologies. This is accomplished by modifying the cutout shapes of the laminate's ideal fibre orientation inside the laminate. Laminated composite plates with square and rectangular cuts have a poorer capacity to sustain buckling loads than plates with circular cutouts. This is because square and rectangular cuts are more common. The largest buckling load was achieved by the use of circular cutting in conjunction with optical fibre orientations of 0/90/15/-15/15/-15/0/90. As the fibre angle in the inner layer's increases, the buckling stress on the material increases as well.

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FE Method, Buckling Analysis, Fibre Orientation, Cutout Shapes.

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Water pollution caused by industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, municipal wastewater, heavy metals, and synthetic chemicals poses a severe threat to global ecosystems and human health (EPA, 2020; Alloway, 2013). Traditional treatment technologies often face limitations such as high operational cost, chemical dependency, and incomplete contaminant removal (Atlas & Bartha, 1998). Biodegradable microorganisms--including bacteria, fungi, algae, and mixed microbial consortia--offer an effective and environmentally sustainable alternative due to their abilities in biosorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and mineralization (Wang & Chen, 2009; Vidali, 2001). This review synthesizes existing research on microbial mechanisms, engineered treatment systems, removal efficiencies, challenges, and emerging technological opportunities. Enhanced microbial systems such as constructed wetlands, UASB reactors, membrane bioreactors, and algal-bacterial consortia demonstrate high potential in pollutant removal. The findings indicate that microbial agents are vital components of future scalable, low-cost, and sustainable water treatment technologies (WHO, 2017; Singh & Ward, 2004).

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Micro-organisms, Water Pollution, Pollutants, Bio-remediation

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The study examines a complicated interaction between geophysical forces and human migration as reflected in the Orotha by Kakkanadan, to a level beyond the usual socio-political study. It discusses how the physical and geographical space serves as an active narrative agency that structures the exploration of displacement, identity and belonging that occurs in the novel. The study has a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach in that the text is analyzed on the literal and metaphorical meaning of geophysics. In this regard, landscapes, like a good homeland or a bad one, between stable and unstable and transitional areas are not the fixed space but the stimulator of the psychological, emotional, and social transformation of characters. The study finds that Kakkanadan employs geophysical visuals such as shifting terrain, fault lines and erosion to visualize the interior dissolution and existential insecurity that comes after migration. These metaphors break the physical and emotional barriers, showing how the instability of the environment is emulating the desire of the characters to find rootedness and identity. Through placing migration in a geophysical scheme, Orotha remaps movement as a multi-dimensional process involving external displacement and internal turmoil. Finally, the study determines that Kakkanadan's application of spatial realism and geophysical metaphor presents an insightful literary model of conceptualizing migration as interplay of natural forces, cultural dislocation, and individual transformation, significantly contributing to postcolonial debates about mobility and belonging.

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Geophysical Migration, Kakkanadan's Orotha, Displacement and Belonging, Spatial Narratives, Migration Literature

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