Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The present study investigated how these shifting modes of learning-from a physical classroom to hybrid and completely online-influence the level of perceived stress and group dynamics among students at institutions of higher education. Educational institutions are shifting toward flexible models of learning, and it is imperative that the psychological and social repercussions of such a shift are recognized. The quantitative design was followed, in which data from 250 students spanning most areas of academic disciplines were collected through standardized instruments like PSS, along with structured social interaction surveys. The results pointed out statistically significant alterations in the level of stress and patterns of social interaction across different learning modes. The findings indicated that traditional learning environments had more frequency of interaction and perceived social support, hence less stress. On one hand, hybrid learning offers moderate amounts of support but shows inconsistencies at the same time, which may influence students' sense of stability. Fully online learning, while giving convenience and flexibility, shows high levels of perceived stress at the same time, with low levels of peer interaction and bonding among peers. From the results, one can gauge that reduced face-to-face communication, fewer collaborative opportunities, and technological fatigue together drive the academic experiences of the students. It points to the fact that, as the institutions progress with scaling online learning, they should do so simultaneously by bringing into alignment comprehensive supportive mechanisms, ensuring good mental health and positive social interactions. Such skills of virtual peer-to-peer collaboration can be developed, psychological support services provided, and the online learning environment designed in a manner that can assure its being socially lively so as to lessen the levels of stress while enhancing group cohesion. Being more inclusive toward holistic student support is the means whereby educators will ensure learning is effective, inclusive, and psychosocially sustainable across all formats

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 Keywords

Student stress, social dynamics, traditional learning, hybrid learning, online learning, perceived stress scale, transitions within education, mental well-being, interaction frequency, and digital learning environments

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green finance is a concept that has emerged relatively recently. The digital banking system eliminates the need for paper and provides environmental benefits. Additionally, it reduces the expenses associated with financial operations. Green Banks are institutions with a distinct objective of expediting the transition to renewable energy sources and addressing the issue of climate change. This study aimed to investigate the different factors regarding green cooperative banking facilities associated with cooperative banking performance. An analysis was conducted on multiple previously published research to gain insights into the performance, challenges and issues of green cooperative banking.

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 Keywords

Cooperative banks, Green Banking, Green Banking Challenges, opportunities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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EV market is an upcoming booming sector , looking upon the advantages and need as the fuel reserves are on the verge of extinction. hence wireless EV charging proves beneficial to charge such EV.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Wireless , EV, Solar , Wind

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Consumer satisfaction has emerged as a critical determinant of success in the rapidly evolving retail landscape, where online and offline shopping modes coexist and increasingly overlap. The growing adoption of digital technologies, coupled with the continued relevance of physical retail formats, has reshaped consumer expectations, purchasing behavior, and evaluation criteria. This study presents a systematic review of existing literature on consumer satisfaction in online and offline shopping with the objective of identifying key trends, dominant determinants, and comparative insights across both channels. The review synthesizes findings from prior empirical and conceptual studies to examine how factors such as price and perceived value, product quality and variety, convenience, service quality, trust, security, and after-sales service influence consumer satisfaction in different shopping contexts. The analysis reveals that while online shopping is primarily driven by convenience, accessibility, and informational efficiency, offline shopping continues to offer superior experiential value, trust, and immediate gratification. Furthermore, the findings indicate a growing shift toward hybrid and omnichannel shopping behavior, where consumers strategically combine online and offline experiences to optimize satisfaction. By consolidating fragmented research, this review contributes to a holistic understanding of consumer satisfaction dynamics and provides valuable implications for retailers, marketers, and researchers seeking to enhance consumer-centric strategies in an increasingly competitive and integrated retail environment.

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 Keywords

Consumer Satisfaction, Online Shopping, Offline Shopping, Retail Trends, Comparative Analysis

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The Government of India launched the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) in 2019 under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, aiming to strengthen the implementation of rural water supply programs. The mission has facilitated the provision of Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) to rural households, enabling them to obtain safe and adequate drinking water directly at their homes. The Jal Jeevan Mission has significantly improved rural drinking water access in Himachal Pradesh, making the state one of the top performers in the country. The state has recorded 99.9 per cent household tap water coverage, surpassing the national average, and most districts have achieved complete coverage with efficient functionality, regular supply, adequate quantity, and good water quality. The present study examines the year-wise progress of household tap water coverage, analyses the district-wise performance, evaluates the level of awareness and investigates the socio-economic impact of the Jal Jeevan Mission on rural households of Himachal Pradesh. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in the study. A multistage area sampling technique was adopted for selecting the respondents. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. The study found that the Jal Jeevan Mission has achieved nearly universal coverage of functional household tap connections, though a few districts still face challenges due to geographical constraints, limited water resources, and infrastructural limitations. The findings also highlight that while water quality compliance remains high across most districts, irregular water supply persists in some areas due to mountainous geography, limited water sources, and old water infrastructure, along with seasonal variations and heavy water demand in city areas. Moreover, certain challenges remain, including the need to ensure sustainable water sources, address seasonal water shortages, and improve the operation and maintenance of village-level water supply systems. The study recommended that strengthening awareness initiatives and addressing district-level infrastructural challenges can further enhance the long-term socio-economic benefits of the Jal Jeevan Mission in Himachal Pradesh.

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 Keywords

Jal Jeevan Mission, Rural Households, Functional Household Tap Connections, Drinking Water, Awareness, Socio-Economic Impact.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the digital era, the process of selecting and prioritizing information is more and more not made by human editors but by algorithmic systems. Algorithmic gatekeeping involves the automated filtering, ranking, and recommendation of various content from digital platforms such as social media, search engines, and streaming services. These systems use insight into user profiles and behaviour to decide what is shown and what is concealed. Algorithmic gatekeeping is a new form of media power. Traditional gatekeepers journalists, editors, and broadcasters used to make explicit editorial decisions under the guidance of professional norms and institutional expectations. On the other hand, algorithmic gatekeeping is continuous, on a massive scale, and usually not disclosed. Their ultimate goal is often to optimize engagement metrics, influencing what content gets circulated in the public sphere. This paper studies the historical and theoretical bases on which algorithmic gatekeeping is built. In so doing, the paper identifies the theoretical underpinnings of algorithmic gatekeeping as a form of infrastructure invisibility in operating public awareness, social knowledge, and collective attention.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Algorithmic Gatekeeping, Infrastructure Invisibility, Digital Platforms, Media Power, Public Sphere

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal Cosmetics are preparation used to enhance the human appearance. This study focuses on the aloe vera, glycerine, lemon juice, rose water, and xanthan gum using Pomegranate peel powder, a byproduct rich in bioactive chemicals is used in the formulation of face cleanser in this study. Pomegranate peels, which is frequently thrown away as garbage, has contain a bioactive compound like Polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and organic acid that arebeneficial to skin. These herbal components, which have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-acne qualities, were used in the development and testing of a herbal face wash. Pomegranate peels have been applied topically to support healthy skin. They can be used to treat skin diseases like dermatitis, eczema, and acne because of their astringent and antibacterial qualities. The peels can be used as washes and poultices or added to natural skincare products. These substances' ability to function as antioxidants helps prevent oxidative damage. Each of these herbal ingredients displayed noteworthy unique effects, and the face wash showed a multifunctional impact. The ingredient in herbal face wash has the power to promote healing, remove acne, and soften skin. This study aims to developed a natural and herbal face wash by using Pomegranate peels powder a byproduct rich in antioxidants to provide a natural, effective cleanser.The current research work deals with the preparation of developed formulationwasevaluated of the herbal antioxidant face wash using a number of criteria, including consistency, pH test, spread ability, stability test, washing test, foam ability, and grittiness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pomegranate peels powder, Antioxidant,Herbal face wash.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In a prosperous society people should be allowed to live freely and empower lives without getting tied down by any boundaries.From the very beginning when production system started its new journey automatically class struggle accompanied with it in it's new way. Now-a-days class struggle is everywhere. When there was slavery system class struggle was between slave owners and slaves, in a feudal system there was class struggle between land owners and serfs, in a capitalist society it is between bourgeois and proletariate. In a capitalist society upper class people always exploit lower class people. They often suppressed and oppressed their workers as well.This approach is very clear in Charles Dickens novel Hard Times. Mr. Bounderby who is a manufacturer, banker and merchant called his workers 'hand'. Lower class people worked all the day with their hands only. Hand is the main source of their livelihood. The individual identities of the workers were replaced by the single word 'hand.'

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Suppressed, bounderies, exploited, equality,struggle, upper class, lower class and hand.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Disinvestment has emerged as a significant policy instrument in India's economic reform trajectory, aimed at enhancing efficiency, reducing fiscal burdens, and promoting wider ownership of public sector enterprises. Initiated in the early 1990s as part of the broader liberalization process, disinvestment seeks to reallocate resources from non-strategic sectors to priority areas while fostering market competitiveness and corporate governance. Despite its intended benefits, the process of disinvestment has encountered numerous challenges. These include political resistance, valuation complexities, lack of investor confidence, regulatory hurdles, and concerns over employment and social equity. Additionally, issues such as inadequate transparency, delays in execution, and fluctuating market conditions have often impeded the effectiveness of disinvestment initiatives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Disinvestment, challenges, government policy, policy implementation,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition