Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The rapid growth of digital payment technologies has significantly transformed the financial transaction system in modern economies. Digital payment methods such as Unified Payments Interface (UPI), mobile wallets, debit and credit cards, and internet banking have reduced the dependence on physical cash and improved the speed, convenience, and accessibility of financial transactions. While these systems provide numerous advantages, their influence on consumer spending behavior and the perceived value of money has become an important area of study. The shift from tangible cash transactions to intangible digital payments may reduce the psychological awareness associated with spending, often referred to as the "pain of paying," which may influence individuals' financial discipline. The primary objective of this study is to examine the level of digital payment usage among adults and analyze its impact on spending behavior and the perceived value of money. The study adopts a descriptive research design and follows a quantitative research approach. Primary data were collected from 150 adult respondents using a structured questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used for selecting the respondents. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency analysis, percentage analysis, measures of central tendency, and the Chi-square test. The findings of the study indicate that a majority of respondents frequently use digital payment methods for their daily transactions. The results suggest that the convenience and speed of digital payments encourage frequent purchases and may increase spending tendencies. The study also reveals that digital transactions can reduce the perceived value of money compared to physical cash. Overall, the research highlights the need for financial awareness and responsible spending practices in an increasingly digital payment environment.

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 Keywords

Digital Payment, Spending Behavior, Perceived Value of Money, Consumer Behavior, Financial Transactions, UPI, Mobile Wallets, Cashless Economy, Financial Discipline, Digital Payment Adoption.

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This research focuses on the effects that Human Resources Planning (HRP) has on achieving organizational objectives. It discusses how strategic HRP integrates the capabilities of the workforce with business goals and responds to fluctuating market requirements. The study summarizes the development of HRP theories and models, outlining the strategic significance of an effective alignment between HR strategies and business demands. It outlines different HRP models including Contingency Model and Resource-Based View, emphasizing their contribution towards improving organizational performance. Using a secondary data analysis method, the study relies on available datasets and SPSS for quantitative data analysis. It evaluates such variables as Employee Turnover Rate, Training Hours, Employee Satisfaction Score, HR Investment and Organizational Performance Score in various organizations. The results show that there are quite high differences in HRP metrics between different organizations hence the need for tailor-made HR strategies. Poor relationships between these variables and organizational performance suggest that the direct effect of HRP elements is complicated, and not always straightforward.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Human Resource Planning, Organizational Goals, Workforce Planning, Employee Performance, Strategic HRM, Organizational Effectiveness, Manpower Planning, Employee Productivity, Talent Management, Organizational Performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Acne vulgaris, known in Unani medicine as Buth?r Laban?yya, is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that mainly affects adolescents and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and cystic lesions that commonly appear on the face, chest and back. Classical Unani literature describes Buth?r Laban?yya as small whitish eruptions resembling drops of milk caused by the accumulation of thick morbid material within the sebaceous glands. According to Unani concepts, the disease develops due to humoral imbalance, particularly excessive heat and the movement of morbid matter toward the skin.Various etiological factors such as improper diet, digestive disturbances, hormonal changes and environmental influences have also been described by Unani physicians. The management of Buth?r Laban?yya in Unani medicine focuses on correction of humoral imbalance, purification of blood and evacuation of morbid matter from the body. Different therapeutic approaches including Il?j bi'l Tadbeer, Il?j bi'l Daw? and Il?j bi'l Ghidh? are recommended for its management. Several medicinal plants possessing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and blood-purifying properties are widely used in Unani therapeutics. This review highlights the Unani concept, etiopathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for the management of acne vulgaris.

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 Keywords

Laban?yya, Acne vulgaris, Unani medicine, Unani therapeutics

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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major adjustable risk factor linked to Hypertension, which is the primary cause of death globally. Although antihypertensive medications are available, blood pressure management remains inadequate in many demographics. This review examines the significance of dietary methods and nutraceuticals in hypertension management, highlighting their potential as complementary treatments. Nutritional strategies include reducing sodium intake, and increasing magnesium, vitamin C, calcium, garlic, L-arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and beetroot consumption, among others. These elements function through various mechanisms, such as improving endothelial function, diminishing oxidative stress, and regulating vascular tone.

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 Keywords

Hypertension, Inflammation, Nutraceuticals, Antioxidents, Diet.

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The Homoeopathic Repertory is serving as a vital tool for the selection of Remedy by systematically organizing and indexing symptoms of the homoeopathic materia medica. This theoretical research explores the historical evolution, Chronological Development, epistemological foundations, and philosophical reasoning behind the classification of Rubrics and selection of remedy in the homeopathic system of medicine. This study deeply scrutinizes the evolution in the structure of Repertory, from early repertories by Dr. Hahnemann, Dr. Boenninghausen, Dr. Boger, and Dr. Kent to modern Repertory Software such as Radar Opus and HOMPATH. This study examines the theoretical challenges ingrained in the formation of rubric, Symptom standardization, and the individuality of clinical data interpretation during Case taking or Drug Proving. Finally, this study proposes a theoretical model intended to enhance the rubric classification and remedy selection, integrating evidence-based data, stochastic approaches, and an algorithmic decision support system with the help of AI to reconcile the homoeopathic practice with scientific rigor without interrupting the concept of individualization in homoeopathy.

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Homoeopathic Repertory, Rubric classification, individualization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Test-taking strategies are essential for academic success, particularly in high school where students face increased academic pressure and diverse assessment formats. This article explores the role of the Test-Taking Strategy Scale (TTSS) in assessing students' strategic behaviors before, during, and after tests. By understanding these strategies, educators can design interventions to improve performance and reduce test anxiety. A sample of 30 students (age range 13-15years) participated in the assessment. Raw scores were calculated, and descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were derived. Results revealed that female students demonstrated higher scores in Item analysis, after test, distractor selectin criteria. The study concludes that although students exhibit equal time management skills, improvements are needed in planning and test taking strategies and awareness programs and skill- building interventions are discussed.

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Test-taking strategies are essential for academic success, particularly in high school where students face increased academic pressure and diverse assessment formats. This article explores the role of the Test-Taking Strategy Scale (TTSS) in assessing students' strategic behaviors before, during, and after tests. By understanding these strategies, educators can design interventions to improve performance and reduce test anxiety. A sample of 30 students (age range 13-15years) participated in

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Modern recruitment systems require efficient screening and evaluation to handle large volumes of applications. This study presents a Recruitment Automation System that automates the hiring process through intelligent resume analysis. Candidates upload resumes via a web portal, where AI and NLP extract key details such as skills, qualifications and experience. The system compares this data with job descriptions and generates an ATS score to measure candidate suitability. Eligible applicants proceed to role-based assessments, while HR can monitor results through a centralized dashboard. Automated interview scheduling via Google Meet and email notifications further streamline the process, ensuring a faster, accurate and transparent recruitment workflow.

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 Keywords

Recruitment automation, resume screening, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Applicant Tracking System (ATS), resume parsing, job matching, automated interview scheduling, Google Meet integration, HR dashboard, email notifications, data privacy, secure authentication.

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Student participation plays a major role in meaningful learning. Still many classrooms rely on traditional teaching methods that limit student interaction and engagement. Activity-based Learning (ABL) can break the conventional classroom dynamics and provide an engaging and experiential one. This study tries to find out the perception of pre-service teachers toward Activity-Based Learning (ABL) and examines how it impacts students' classroom participation. The research was conducted in two stages. First, a survey was conducted to understand the level of awareness and attitude of pre-service teachers in using activity-based learning strategies. The second stage looked at the impact of activity-based learning through classroom observation made during school internship where student participation was observed before and after introducing activity-based activities in English lessons. The study also shows some gaps that exist in implementation of this theory into practical application in classrooms. The study as a whole looks at looks at the ability of activity-based learning in creating a more interactive classroom environment along with drawing attention to the importance of better teacher preparation and support for its effective implementation.

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Activity-Based Learning, Experiential Learning, Pre-service Teachers, Perception, Student Participation, Classroom Implementation, Challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper discusses the psychological aspect of the cultural identity of The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri. The novel narrates the life of Gogol Ganguli, a second-generation immigrant that is brought up in the United States of America, with a father and a mother of Indian descent. Although most works deal with the theme of migration, naming, and generational conflict, this paper will look into the underlying psychological conflict that the protagonist in the story is undergoing. The cultural identity of the novel is not a social state alone, but also an inner emotional process that influences the life of the main hero.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The psychology of cultural identity in The Namesake

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cinema has been a powerful medium for raising awareness and educating the public about various psychological issues and societal taboos. Recently, Assamese cinema has transitioned from a focus on romance to a broader range of genres, such as horror, comedy, action, thriller, satire, and drama. This change has led to the emergence of films that tackle psychological concepts, particularly within the experimental genre. Over the years, numerous filmmakers have produced impactful Assamese films that delve into psychological themes, earning recognition both nationally and internationally and bringing accolades to the state. This research paper seeks to analyze the psychological motifs, references, issues, and taboos presented in Assamese cinema. The findings indicate that filmmakers have explored significant psychological disorders and themes, including empty nest syndrome, vorarephilia, gender dysphoria, schizophrenia, loneliness, hope, resilience, stress, toxic masculinity, suicide, alcohol addiction, gambling, acceptance, conformity, social support, and quality of life, portraying them in creative and thought-provoking ways.

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 Keywords

Assamese cinema, Psychology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition