Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Organic fertilizers maintain the soil structure and increase its nutrient holding capacity. They are easily biodegradable and free from environmental pollution. On the other hand, chemical fertilizers contaminate land and water resulting in the extinction of a number living organisms. Now a day's most of the people in rural India depend directly or indirectly on farming for their livelihood. They are using some traditional methods to prepare the liquid bio fertilizers for their crop land to enhance the soil quality, growth and yield of the plants. In this study the organic liquid fertilizers, amirtha karaisal and vermiwash effects were analyzed by their application to the plants Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) and Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady Finger). And the results were compared to the control and inorganic fertilizer applied plants. The growth parameters such as seed germination, plants' height, internode, leaf length, leaf area index and number of leaves were significantly increased in organic liquid fertilizers applied plants (P<0.05).

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 Keywords

Amirtha karaisal, Vermiwash, Solanum lycopersicum, Abelmoschus esculentus , seed germination, height, internode, leaf length and leaf area index etc.,.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the financial literacy and investment habits of women investors in Dakshina Kannada, India, focusing on the relationship between financial knowledge, self-efficacy, and investment decisions. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study uses a survey-based descriptive research design with a sample size of 200 women investors across all 8 taluks in Dakshina Kannada. The methodology included stratified random sampling and a structured questionnaire survey covering financial literacy levels, investment behaviours, and psychological influences. The major findings reveal moderate financial literacy among Women investors, with a preference for safer investment options, such as stocks, mutual funds, and fixed deposits. Most respondents demonstrated moderate risk tolerance and engaged in regular portfolio review. Wealth accumulation and retirement planning have emerged as primary investment goals. The study identifies a gap between financial knowledge and active investment practices influenced by socioeconomic and psychological factors. Suggestions include implementing targeted financial education programs to address behavioural biases, encouraging diverse investment strategies, and promoting gender equality in financial decision-making. This research contributes to the understanding of the challenges faced by women investors and highlights the need for tailored interventions to enhance their financial participation and decision-making capabilities.

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 Keywords

Financial literacy, Women investors, Investment behaviour, Dakshina Kannada, Financial decision-making

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Handwritten digit recognition is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision, with applications in automated postal sorting, bank check processing, and more. This paper presents an approach to recognizing handwritten digits using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a powerful deep learning technique known for its ability to automatically learn spatial hierarchies of features. We employ a CNN architecture that includes multiple layers of convolution, pooling, and fully connected layers to achieve high accuracy in digit classification. The model is trained on the MNIST dataset, a well-established benchmark in the machine learning community. The effectiveness of the CNN model is evaluated through various performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, and recall, demonstrating its superiority over traditional machine learning methods. Our results show that CNNs significantly outperform other classifiers in terms of accuracy, achieving near-human-level recognition rates. This study highlights the potential of deep learning techniques in automated handwritten digit recognition tasks.

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 Keywords

: Handwritten Digit Recognition, Convolutional Neural Networks, Deep Learning, MNIST Dataset, Image Classification,Character recognition, ReLU function, Feature extraction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The lower classes are the poor working class people who eat the least and then take care of everyone else. They work the hardest and are the most disrespected--the superiors very muchBullying them easily. Deprived of the comforts of life, they are brought up on the surplus of the country's resources. Sadhan Chatterjee's 'Jaltimir'The picture of this crisis of the lower class is embodied in the novel. This crisis is related to globalization, because of globalization the lower class people are affected.

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 Keywords

Lower class, globalization, arsenic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of SHGs in assisting women in the villages in the Darrang District and the neighbouring district of Morigaon to improve their economic standing. The primary data used to compile this study spans only a six-month time frame. From 18 SHGs across 3 villages, 200 participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. When people feel empowered, it's because they've gained a greater voice in decision-making and believe they have the authority to make their own choices. One way to gauge women's autonomy is by how much say they have in household decisions. Sixty-six percent of beneficiaries said their husbands make all the decisions, but more than a third of those surveyed said they had some say in the matter. This shows that women's economic status has increased as a result of their participation in SHGs and access to microfinance. Chi-square analysis of data from the Darrang district found that female SHG members were less likely to participate in decision-making compared to their female counterparts in nuclear families.

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 Keywords

Self help groups, Women empowerment, Socio economic study, Entrepreneurship

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Environmental pollution is becoming a serious public health issue that affects the survival and sustainability of nature worldwide. The use of plants and related soil bacteria to lessen the absorption of harmful substances from the environment is known as phytoremediation. It is a relatively new technology that is well-liked by the public and is seen to be economical, productive, innovative, eco-friendly, and solar-powered. The use of plants and related soil bacteria to lower the levels of harmful chemicals in the environment is known as phytoremediation. It is a relatively new technology that is well-liked by the general public and is seen to be innovative, efficient, economical, and solar-powered. The only practical way to lessen the detrimental effects on ecosystem health may be to remediate soil contaminated by heavy metals. Similar processes to those of phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoaccumulation, and phytoextraction form the basis of phytoremediation. These designs are lucrative, eco-friendly, and successful.

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Phytoremediation, Heavy Metals, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Chlorophyll Content.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing importance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in industry economics has led to a growing need for effective ESG management. This paper rethinks ESG management by examining the role of governance structures and technological adaptation in promoting sustainable industry economics. We argue that traditional ESG management approaches are inadequate and that a more integrated and adaptive approach is needed. Our analysis highlights the importance of collaborative governance, digital technologies, and data analytics in enhancing ESG management. We also identify key challenges and opportunities for future research. The rapid pace of technological change in industry economies has significant implications for governance structures and the management of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. This paper examines the interplay between governance structures, technological change, and ESG factors, and argues that traditional governance approaches are no longer sufficient. We propose a new framework for managing ESG factors that takes into account the complexities of technological change and the need for more adaptive and collaborative governance structures.

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 Keywords

Environment; governance structures; technological adaptation; implication; challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hypertension is a major complication often associated with diabetes mellitus, significantly increasing the risk of cardiomyopathy, stroke, hyperlipidemia, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. These complications contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, especially among middle-aged and older individuals. Metoprolol tartrate, a beta-blocker, is widely used for the management of hypertension and prevention of cardiac complications in diabetic patients. The objective of this research was to develop a sustained-release (SR) formulation of metoprolol tartrate for once-daily administration to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Sustained-release tablet formulations (F1 to F7) were prepared using release-retarding agents such as HPMC K100 and Eudragit RSPO. The granules for the SR tablets were evaluated for their flow properties to ensure uniformity and reproducibility during the manufacturing process. The formulated SR tablets were subjected to various evaluations, including weight variation, hardness, thickness, swelling index, and in vitro drug release studies. The optimized formulation (F7) demonstrated a controlled and sustained drug release for 12 hours, ensuring a consistent therapeutic effect. The results indicate that the developed sustained-release formulation of metoprolol tartrate offers an effective once-daily treatment option for hypertension. This novel formulation has the potential to enhance patient compliance, improve treatment outcomes, and significantly contribute to the management of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risks.

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 Keywords

Hypertension, Metoprolol Tartrate, Hyperlipidemia, Cardiomyopathy

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Herbal or natural excipients offer significant benefits over their synthetic alternatives as they are non-toxic, more affordable, and readily available. With growing awareness about these natural excipients, which are primarily plant-based polymers, pharmaceutical industries are increasingly adopting them in formulation development. Natural gums and mucilages derived from plants, such as carrageenan, thaumatin, lard, storax, agar, gum acacia, and tragacanth, fulfill various pharmaceutical excipient requirements. The traditional idea of excipients as just inactive and inexpensive substances has changed a lot. Now, they are considered an important part of a drug formulation. Excipients are any ingredients added to a dosage form, other than the active drug. This article provides an overview of herbal excipients used in both conventional dosage forms and modern drug delivery systems. These natural ingredients are preferred for formulation development due to their stability and fewer regulatory concerns compared to synthetic options. Additionally, they can be easily modified to meet specific formulation needs, making them a cost-effective and efficient medium for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients. This study highlights the potential of natural excipients as diluents, binders, disintegrants, and lubricants in different formulations, as they are biocompatible and provide added nutritional value to the dosage form.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Natural excipients, Plant-based pharmaceutical aids, Natural polymers, Herbal binders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper explores Landscape and Identity in The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born. By focusing on the symbolism reflected in literature, it focuses on identity in the postcolonial era with reference to nature showcasing the social, political, cultural and regional situation. It also focuses on the effects of colonialism in Africa and how literature serves as a medium for transmitting these experiences.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Landscape and Identity in The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition