Volume 9 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Cataract is the Opacification of the lens in the eye due to protein buildup in the ocular tissue. Postoperative topical antibiotic regimens are intended to reduce the bacterial burden during the time of the surgical incision to re-epithelialize and significantly reduce the rate endophthalmitis. As prophylaxis Intracameral antibiotic injection administered during the surgery is initiated as clinical benefits ensuring in decline of postoperative endophthalmitis rates. Therefore our study aims to investigate appropriate use of 0.5% Moxifloxacin as prophylactic agent for the endophthalmitis given in 280 patients. In our Observational study we have advised the patients to visit prior the surgery with no other use of antibiotics & the data collected in 2 follow-ups i.e. on the day of cataract surgery after Postoperative condition (followup-1) & following 1st day of Surgery (followup-2). On SLIT lamp examination of eye structures of those 280 patients we found no evidence of Endophthalmitis by using intracameral 0.5% moxifloxacin as prophylaxis after Cataract surgery.

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 Keywords

Cataract, Endophthalmitis, Small Incision cataract Surgery (SICS), Phacoemulsification (Phaco), Intracameral, 0.5% Moxifloxacin (MFXL). European Society of Cornea and Retina Care (ESCRS).

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Municipal solid waste management is one of the major concern for environmental problems in India. Improper management and disposal of solid waste leads to health hazards to inhabitants, causes environmental pollution, accelerates natural resources degradation and causes climate change. Solid wastes represent a growing downside and also the quantity of solid waste generated in India is steady increasing and also the government is presently that specialize in strategies to approach the challenge.. In developing countries like India, there is a fast growth in municipal solid waste (MSW) due to urban sprawl and population growth. Economic condition of a country is declining due to pollution of air, water and land which results in long term reduction of productivity. The key component of sustainable development is to control pollution to reduce poor health risk, to protect the natural environment and to contribute to the quality of life. Owing to the significant change in lifestyle pattern and purchasing power of the urban population of India, the rate per capita waste generation increased from 0.44 kg/day (in 2001) to 0.50 kg/day (in 2011) to 0.62 kg/day (in 2019). Within a decade since 2001, urban population growth and increase in per capita waste generation have resulted in a 50% increase; in the waste generated by Indian cities. In this study, an attempt has been made to know the in depth review of the types of MSW, generation, collection and transportation, disposal and treatment technologies of MSW practiced in India; and the Green Rating Standards that can be applied in urban area regarding MSW. This paper also carries a case study on municipal solid waste management in the city of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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MSWM, collection, treatment, recycling, disposal of waste, legal framework

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords : Attitudes, Choice based Credit System, Graduate Students, Academic Achievements.

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Introduction: Breast cancer is a malignancy in breast tissue that can originate from the ductal epithelium or lobules. Axillary lymph node status has become one of the strongest prognostic factors in women with early stage breast cancer. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the relationship of HER-2 with detection, metastasis, and prognosis of breast cancer. This study is aimed at evaluating overexpression of HER2 as a prognostic factor in breast cancer with sentinel lymph node metastases. Methods: This is an analytic study with cross sectional research design. Results: In this study, a sample of 51 people was obtained. Most types of breast cancer are invasive ductal carcinoma in 40 patients (78.4%), then invasive no other specific type in 7 patients (13.7%), then invasive lobular carcinoma and DCIS in 2 patients (3.9%). From the results of statistical tests found no relationship between overexpression of HER-2 with sentinel lymph node metastases (p = 0.255). Patients who had HER2 expression had a 1.477 times greater risk of having sentinel lymph node metastases compared to a group of patients with no HER2 expression. Conclusion: There is no relationship between HER-2 overexpression with the occurrence of sentinel lymph node metastases.

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Keywords: Breast cancer, HER2, Sentinel lymph node, Prognosis.

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Ayurveda, Vatarakta, Vata, Rakta, Gouty arthritis.

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Genetic engineering is moving through quick advancement holding the hand of CRISPR gene editing technology as it throws lights upon biotechnology with the discovery of CRISPR and Cas9 endonuclease functions . Both in natural and artificial way of its function CRISPR enhances the immune system of bacteria against virus (natural) and in human beings (artificial) providing permanent relief from various diseases . In this review paper Gene editing process is discussed followed by introduction of CRISPR-Cas9 and its related terms defined briefly . Its natural technology that occurs in bacteria and its lab based technology and the genome editing technology is also discussed with diagram and proper explanations .

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CRISPR, cas9, bacteriophage, DNA, RNA, editing, Genome, PAM.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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KEY-WORDS: Recovering stroke patients, Trunk and Lower limb linked exercises , Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) Stroke impact scale (SIS), Quality of life (QoL).

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The present research paper focuses on the threads like quest for Individual, racism, gender discrimination, oppression, suppression, colour discourse, etc. Have been greatly discussed, explored and criticized in the stream of literatures. From one perspective, every country has something to be presented through literature and analysed the same. When one deals with the American literature or African American literature, one prominent element or facet of their writings come in force and that is the crucial threads so far and deeply explored the roots of these anti social streams and they have tried their level best to put the same before the world and Richard Wright is one of them who presented the agony, exploitation and harassment of the natives in his select novel Black Boy (1945).

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Quest for Individuality, Racism, Gender Discrimination, Oppression, Suppression, Colour Discourse, etc.

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Abtract - Introduction: Breast cancer has a high prevalence in both developing and developed countries due to years of increased morbidity and mortality. Based on Pathological Based Registration in Indonesia, KPD ranks first with a relative frequency of 18.6% and more than 80% of cases were found in advanced stage, where treatment efforts are difficult. This study aims to obtain general and specific characteristics of breast cancer patients in RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan. Method: This was observational study that conducted in RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan which involved all cases of breast cancer diagnosed histologically. Clinical information and demographic data for patients were retrieved from surgical wards and department of medical records. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Based on the general characteristics, the majority of breast cancer patients were 33 samples aged 40-49 years (34.7%), 41 samples (43.2%) finished high school education, 65 samples (68.4%) unemployed, and 91 samples ( 95.8%) did not have a family history of breast cancer. Based on specific characteristics, the majority of breast cancer patients were in stage IIIB, with 42 samples (44.2%) with T4b tumor size totaling 50 samples (52.6%), stage N1 numbering 40 samples (42.1%), and metastasizing in the lung were 11 samples (40.7%) in stage IV. There were 68 samples (71.6%) diagnosed with IDC, 70 samples (73.7%) with negative status of ER, 67 samples (70.5%) with negative status of PR, 31 samples (32.6%) with positive values of her2, and 49 samples (51.6%) with positive status of ki-67. Conclusions: Most of breast cancers patients in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan were experienced by young age women who did not work and already in stage IIIB and IV.

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Keywords- Breast cancer; sociodemographic; staging; histopathology; immunohistochemistry.

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Fortification, minerals, milk, calcium, Zinc, selenium,w-3-Fatty acids, fibre and isoflavones.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition