Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This study investigates the environmental and nutritional outcomes of organic farming based on an analysis of peer-reviewed research articles published between 2020 and 2024. Organic farming has been recognized globally as a sustainable agricultural practice that reduces environmental degradation and enhances food quality. Using secondary data and comparative analyses from published studies, the paper demonstrates that organic systems reduce pesticide residues, cadmium accumulation, and nutrient leaching while enhancing soil health, biodiversity, and crop nutrient content. Nutritionally, organically produced crops show higher levels of antioxidants, vitamin C, magnesium, and iron compared with conventional produce. While yields are often lower in organic systems, the long-term benefits for ecosystem health and human nutrition make organic farming a viable approach for sustainable development. The study concludes that policy support, farmer awareness, and consumer education are crucial to scale up organic practices and meet future food security challenges.

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 Keywords

Organic Farming, Nutrition, Environment, Sustainability, Agriculture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Increasing air pollution demands effective and sustainable solutions. Plantation of indigenous and native small to medium-sized plants in highway medians offers a practical way to absorb particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, thereby improving roadside air quality. This review highlights suitable native species for highway medians across India's agro-climatic zones, emphasizing plant size and adaptability, along with limitations associated with median plantations. It also discusses the ecological impacts of planting non-indigenous species in such settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Highway medians, Indigenous plants, Air purification, Pollution control, Small and medium trees, Limitations, Invasive species

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Environmental stressors such as climate change, pollution, and habitat degradation increasingly challenge Indian biodiversity. Epigenetic modifications - heritable changes in gene expression without DNA sequence alterations - offer a rapid mechanism by which organisms may respond to these pressures. This review synthesizes current knowledge on epigenetic responses to environmental stressors in Indian plants, animals, and microbes, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Evidence for transgenerational inheritance and ecological consequences of epigenetic memory is evaluated. The review highlights the ecological relevance of epigenetics in facilitating adaptation, transgenerational plasticity, and ecosystem resilience. Challenges and future research directions are discussed to integrate epigenetics into conservation strategies in India's rapidly changing environments.

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 Keywords

Animals, DNA Methylation, Ecology, Environmental Stress, Epigenetics, Heritability, Histone Modification, Microbes and Plants

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Climate change, Agriculture, Water resources, Biodiversity, Adaptation strategies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Surfactant-polymer interactions play a significant role in numerous industrial, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications due to their ability to modify solution properties such as viscosity, solubilization, surface tension, and stability. When surfactants and polymers coexist in an aqueous medium, their association leads to the formation of complexes driven by hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. These interactions strongly influence micellization behavior, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and aggregation number of surfactants, while also altering the conformational and rheological properties of polymers. Such systems are extensively employed in detergency, enhanced oil recovery, cosmetics, drug delivery, food processing, and wastewater treatment. Understanding these interactions is essential for tailoring formulations with desired physicochemical properties and functional performance. Experimental techniques such as surface tension measurement, viscometry, spectroscopy, light scattering, and calorimetry are often employed to study the nature and strength of these interactions. This paper highlights the fundamental aspects of surfactant-polymer interaction, their thermodynamic implications, and the practical significance of such systems in modern applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Surfactant, cmc, surface tension, Polymer

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The demographic transition in India has reached a critical juncture, with the elderly population projected to comprise nearly 12.4% of the total population by 2026. This rapid graying, coupled with the erosion of traditional joint family structures, has rendered a significant portion of the "silver population" vulnerable to neglect, financial exploitation, and physical abuse. This study examines the socio-legal dimensions of elderly protection in India, analyzing the effectiveness of existing legislative frameworks, primarily the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (MWPSC) Act, 2007, and its proposed amendments in 2025. By evaluating the regulatory response through a socio-legal lens, this research highlights the persistent gap between statutory intent and infrastructural reality, advocating for a shift from a reactive, litigation-based system to a proactive, "Shared Responsibility Model" that guarantees the Right to Age with Dignity.

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 Keywords

Demographic transition; Rapid graying; Joint family structures;Silver population; Vulnerable

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Background: Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) is a classical Ayurvedic drug used mainly for bleeding disorders, wound healing and gynecological conditions. Modern pharmacology has investigated its phytochemistry and diverse bioactivities. Objective: To critically review classical references, pharmaceutical preparations (Bhaishajya Kalpana), phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical evidence and safety of Lodhra, and to identify research gaps and future directions. Methods: A structured literature search of PubMed, PMC, Google Scholar and Ayurvedic classical texts (Sushruta, Charaka, Bhaishajya Ratnavali) was performed (see Methods). Studies on phytochemistry, in vitro/in vivo pharmacology, clinical trials, formulations and toxicity were included. Results: Phytochemical investigations reveal tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic glycosides. Experimental studies report antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, wound-healing and uterine-modulatory effects. Clinical reports (small trials and classical formulations) indicate benefit in menorrhagia and wound management, with acceptable biosafety at therapeutic doses in animal studies. However, high-quality randomized clinical trials and systematic standardization of Bhaishajya Kalpana are limited. Conclusion: Lodhra shows promising therapeutic potential congruent with classical uses; rigorous clinical trials and standardized pharmaceutical processing (quality control, dose-finding, stability, safety) are needed to support broader clinical adoption.

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 Keywords

Lodhra, Symplocos racemosa, Bhaishajya Kalpana, hemostatic, wound healing, phytochemistry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background: Facial nerve palsy causes facial asymmetry, impaired voluntary movements which lead to significant facial motor dysfunction and psychosocial distress. Rehabilitation strategies have traditionally relied on mirror therapy using physical mirrors which provide visual feedback to facilitate motor relearning. Recent advancements like Mirror Book Therapy have emerged as neuroplasticity driven approach enhancing therapy effectiveness and accessibility promoting facial function recovery. Aims and Objectives: The review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Mirror Book Therapy on facial symmetry in patients with peripheral facial palsy including traditional mirror book and digital mirroring approaches. Materials and methods: The literature was searched for relevant randomised control trials in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate databases using keywords 'mirror book therapy', 'mirror visual feedback', 'peripheral facial palsy' and 'facial symmetry'. The studies from inception to December 2025 were searched. Thirty-two studies were retrieved, out of which six were included in the final review.

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mirror book therapy, mirror visual feedback, peripheral facial palsy and facial symmetry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a major issue for the commuters in all the cities. The delay of respective light is hardcoded in the traffic light and it is not dependent on traffic. This creates unnecessary waiting for drivers, which could not be endurable in every case, as being in time, is important to everyone. Density, speed, and flow are the three critical parameters for road traffic analysis. As the number of road Users constantly increases, and resources provided by current infrastructures are limited, the control of traffic has become a very important issue in the present. Also, one of the major problems faced by heavy traffic is by Ambulances. The aim of this project is to solve traffic congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world. The traffic density is controlled using a microcontroller. This the system contains IR transmitter and IR receiver which are mounted on either side of roads respectively. The IR system gets activated whenever any vehicle passes on the road between IR transmitter and IR receiver. The objective for usage of IR sensor is to detect obstacles. The microcontroller controls the IR system and counts a number of vehicles passing on the road. The microcontroller also stores vehicles count in its memory. Based on different vehicles count, the microcontroller takes a decision and updates the traffic light delays as a result. By measuring the traffic lined up on a particular road the signal timings are adjusted to let that particular way clear out and then the next populated one. It also consists of an emergency override that allows traffic authorities to remotely let go a particular signal in case an ambulance or important vehicle arrives on that way.

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 Keywords

Smart Traffic, IoT, Emergency Vehicle (Ambulance), Autonomous Management.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition