Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The performance, safety, and driving range of modern electric vehicles (EVs) depend heavily on an efficient and intelligent Battery Energy System (BES). This paper presents a comprehensive study on the control and analysis of EV battery systems, focusing on accurate state estimation, optimal energy management, and enhanced lifecycle performance. A Battery Management System (BMS) is used to monitor key parameters such as State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), temperature, and voltage balance across cells. Advanced control algorithms--including model-based prediction, adaptive control, and machine-learning-based estimation--ensure safe operation, prevent overcharging/over-discharging, and improve battery reliability. The study also evaluates thermal management strategies to maintain optimal temperature and minimize degradation. Simulation results and analytical models highlight how improved control techniques increase energy efficiency, reduce power losses, and extend battery lifespan. Overall, this research demonstrates that an optimized control and analysis framework is crucial for enhancing the performance, safety, and sustainability of electric vehicle battery systems.

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 Keywords

Battery energy system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Text-Based Spoken Term Detection (STD) is the task of detecting and temporally localizing user-defined textual query terms directly from large collections of unstructured speech data. Unlike Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), which focuses on generating complete transcriptions, STD concentrates on accurately identifying specific keywords with minimal false alarms and missed detections. Over the last two decades, STD has evolved from template-based methods and HMM-GMM frameworks to modern deep learning and transformer-based architectures. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of text-based STD systems covering literature evolution, system architecture, feature extraction, keyword modeling, ASR-based and acoustic-based techniques, deep learning advancements, similarity matching strategies, standard evaluation metrics, benchmarking tools, key challenges, and real-world applications. In addition, a complete implementation framework using the QUESST-2014 dataset with the Terrier Information Retrieval platform and the Hiemstra Language Model is presented, with speech transcription performed using the HappyScribe platform.

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 Keywords

Text-based Spoken term detection, Automatic Speech Recognition, Terrier Information Retrieval, Hiemstra language model

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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From a government aided School, Coimbatore, 312 students from classes 8th and 9th standards were screened for their level of mindful attention awareness (MAA) and emotional health (EH) using Case Study Schedule, Mindful Attention awareness Scale, Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale and Mental Health Risk Scale. Out of them, 66 students (59 boys and 7 girls) with Moderate and Low MAA and EH were randomly selected. They were in the age range of 12 - 17 years. As psychological intervention, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) was used. Six sessions of CBT were given to the students in two weeks, with each session lasting for one hour. After two weeks the students were reassessed for Mindful Attention Awareness, Automatic Thoughts and Mental Health Risk. Initially, 15% of the students had Low and 62% of the students had Moderate Mindful Attention Awareness;2% of the students and 14% of the students had High and Moderate Negative Automatic Thoughts and 32% of the students had High and 65% of the students had Moderate Mental Health Risk. After CBT, only 3% of them had Low and 50% of them had Moderate MAA; 2% of the students had High and only 8% of them had Moderate Negative Automatic Thoughts and only 15% and 58% of the students had High and Moderate Mental Health Risk. The differences in the MEAN of the variables, before and after CBT were statistically significant. The results also showed a negative correlation between 'Mindful Attention Awareness and Negative Automatic Thoughts' and Negative Automatic Thoughts and Mental Health Risk.

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 Keywords

Mindful Attention Awareness, Negative Automatic Thoughts, Mental Health Risk, Emotional Health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study focuses on the "Comparison of Cross-Section of Column and Its Foundation of Framed Structure Building in Seismic Zones IV and V." The objective of this research is to analyze and design reinforced concrete (RC) columns and their respective foundations under different seismic zone conditions as per IS 1893 (Part 1):2016 and IS 456:2000.

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"COMPARISON OF CROSS SECTION OF COLUMN AND ITS FOUNDATION BASE OF FRAMED STRUCTURE BUILDING IN SEISMIC ZONE IV AND V"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Actions causing movement in dwellings occur due to both winds and seismic events. Nevertheless, designing structures takes into account unique considerations related specifically to wind pressures and seismic impacts. Structural design based on intuition relies on forces acting consistently under windy conditions, where internal structures experience tension near their exposed surfaces due to external pressures. However, during seismic construction planning, structures must account for natural ground motion beneath their foundation, leading to inertial effects inside them causing stress variations; this type involves displacements as loads. An alternative method for conveying this contrast involves examining the stress-strain relationship exhibited during construction--whereby forces exerted vertically correspond to the applied wind pressures along an upward direction, while displacements horizontally represent loads caused by seismic tremors acting downwardly. The wind velocity above the structure exhibits both an average nonzero directional influence alongside a distinct fluctuating element. Consequently, during windy conditions, structures could experience slight variations in stress levels due to these movements; yet, such changes occur most readily when winds shift direction abruptly, an event typically occurring after considerable periods have passed. Despite this motion occurring continuously during an earthquake, it oscillates around the neutral function of the building's foundation. Consequently, within buildings subjected to seismic movements due to earthquakes, stress cycles frequently reverse their direction across short time intervals.

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"ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN ZONE II AND ZONE IV BY SOFTWARE ETABS"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition