Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The growing pressures of climate change, water scarcity, and the need for sustainable agricultural practices have driven significant research into smart irrigation and machine learning-based solutions. Agriculture, as one of the most water-intensive sectors, faces the dual challenge of maximizing crop yields while minimizing resource consumption. Recent advancements in sensor technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, predictive analytics, and atmospheric water harvesting have enabled data-driven approaches to irrigation management, offering precise control over water delivery based on real-time environmental and crop conditions. Machine learning, in particular, has emerged as a transformative tool, enabling accurate predictions of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and rainfall patterns, as well as adaptive decision-making for diverse agricultural contexts.

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, IoT, Agriculture, Smart Irrigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The invasive aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a significant ecological challenge affecting freshwater ecosystems globally. This study investigates the impact of water hyacinth infestation on water quality in four lakes within the Dahanu Municipal Area, Maharashtra. Using seasonal water samples collected from December 2024 to March 2025, parameters such as pH, conductivity, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were analyzed. Results revealed marked differences in water quality correlated with the presence and density of hyacinth cover, with the most heavily infested site showing acidic pH and reduced water quality. The study emphasizes the urgent need for site-specific management strategies, underlining the importance of biological control and integrated environmental planning to mitigate the negative ecological, economic, and social impacts of water hyacinth.

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 Keywords

Eichhornia crassipes. pH, conductivity, and biological oxygen demand

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Decision Tree is the most prominent classification algorithm for supervised machine learning. Various decision tree algorithms, such as J48, Random Tree, LMT, and Random Forest, are applied to the datasets depending on the types of data and the application requirements. This paper presents a comparison analysis of J48, Random Forest, and LMT algorithms based on multiple evaluation parameters. The results demonstrate that J48 consistently outperforms other algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness, compared to algorithms such as Random Forest and LMT.

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 Keywords

Supervised machine learning, J48, Random Forest, LMT, Classification Algorithm Comparison

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The idea that music is capable of influencing the creating process of the art product is not new because this view appears to have been widely held by a lot of professional and budding artists. Whereas this view remains what it is, a considerable number of artists also believe that playing music, irrespective of the genre, distracts the artist, especially during the creative process. These two variables are the crux of the matter as the authors discuss and cite instances in which music, despite it been said to be food for the soul becomes a "Noise" that causes distraction in art making process with particular reference to painting.

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 Keywords

Art, Music, Artist, Inspiration, Creativity, Noise, Rhythm.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Oral drug delivery is the most preferred and convenient option as the oral route provides maximum active surface area among all drug delivery system for administration of various drugs. The attractiveness of these dosage forms is due to awareness to toxicity and ineffectiveness of drugs when administered by oral conventional method in the form of tablets & capsules. Usually conventional dosage form produces wide range of fluctuation in drug concentration in the bloodstream and tissues with consequent undesirable toxicity and poor efficiency. The maintenance of concentration of drug in plasma within therapeutic index is very critical for effective treatment. These factors as well as factors such as repetitive dosing and unpredictable absorption lead to the concept of oral Sustained release drug delivery systems. Sustained release drug delivery system works on many different mechanisms to control the release rate of drugs. Developing oral sustained release matrix tablets for drug with constant release rate has always been a challenge to the pharmaceutical technologist. Drug release through matrix system is determined by Water penetration, Polymer swelling, Drug dissolution, Drug diffusion, Matrix erosion have been utilized as formulation approaches. The present article contains brief review on various formulation approaches for Sustained release drug delivery system.

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 Keywords

Matrix type system, oral drug delivery system, reservoir system, sustained release drug delivery system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Family planning plays an essential role in reducing maternal and infant mortality, preventing unplanned pregnancies, and promoting reproductive health. Despite continuous government efforts, awareness levels among adults in certain communities remain inadequate. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding family planning program among adults residing in a selected community of Balluana, Abohar, Punjab. A descriptive research design was adopted, and 100 adults were selected through non-probability sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. Major findings revealed that a significant proportion of adults had only average knowledge regarding family planning services, available contraceptive methods, and the benefits of birth spacing. The study highlights the need for community-based awareness programs and the distribution of simplified guidelines to enhance knowledge and promote informed decision-making related to reproductive health.

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 Keywords

Family planning, Adults, Knowledge, Contraception, Reproductive health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder disorder often associated with altered scapular mechanics, reduced upper limb strength, and cervical spine dysfunction. Neck-related impairments may influence upper extremity function and contribute to persistent shoulder symptoms. Objective: To determine the correlation among the Neck Disability Index (NDI), grip strength, and scapular position in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on individuals diagnosed with SIS. Neck disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index. Grip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and scapular position was evaluated using a standardized clinical assessment method. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship among NDI scores, grip strength, and scapular position. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between NDI scores and altered scapular position, indicating increased neck disability with greater scapular malalignment. A significant negative correlation was found between NDI scores and grip strength, suggesting reduced hand strength with higher neck disability. Additionally, altered scapular position demonstrated a significant association with decreased grip strength. Conclusion: The findings suggest that neck disability, grip strength, and scapular position are interrelated in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and integrated rehabilitation approaches addressing cervical spine function, scapular control, and upper limb strength in the management of SIS.

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 Keywords

Subacromial impingement syndrome, Neck Disability Index, grip strength, scapular position.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive inflammation of synovial joints, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and ultimately irreversible joint destruction if not managed appropriately. Over the past decades, RA has been recognized not only as a joint-specific disease but also as a systemic condition that affects various organs, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological systems. The pathogenesis of RA is exceptionally complex, involving a multifactorial interaction of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, immune dysregulation, and aberrant cellular signaling pathways. The immune system, which normally protects the body from pathogens, mistakenly identifies components of the synovial membrane as foreign, triggering a cascade of inflammatory reactions. This autoimmune attack is mediated by a combination of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), all of which participate in driving chronic inflammation. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are central mediators of RA pathogenesis. These cytokines amplify inflammatory responses, recruit additional immune cells to the synovial tissue, and stimulate enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone. The synovium, which is normally a thin, delicate membrane, becomes thickened and hyperplastic, forming an invasive tissue known as pannus. This pannus aggressively expands across joint surfaces, eroding cartilage and bone through the activation of osteoclasts and matrix metalloproteinases. Over time, this destruction leads to joint deformity, functional impairment, and significant disability.

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 Keywords

RheumatoidArthritis, Hyperplasia, JointDestruction

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Artificial Intelligence and Automation are dramatically reshaping the activities of a world of business and work. While greater productivity from these systems is reflected on one side, job and skill mismatch is seen on the flip side. This investigates the ways in which AI and automation influence labor dynamics in similar industries and how reskilling and upskilling mechanisms can assist workers. Primary data collection for this research took place using an online survey among workers in the manufacturing, healthcare, and service industries as well as human resource practitioners and industry experts, making use of quantitative methods for data analysis. The statistical content analysis was employed making use of SPSS software encompassing test for reliability, demographic analysis, ANOVA, and regression models. The ANOVA assessed sector-level differences in job creation, skill transitions, employee adaptation, employee productivity, respectively, while regression tests assessed how things like support for employees and in training program effectiveness influenced participation of employees. The conclusions drawn offer encouraging news about the changing shape of labor markets, increasing productivity, and labor market polarization and the role that AI and Automation will play in this. Strong reskilling and organizational support programs are huge incentives in making the most out of these changes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Automation, Workforce Transformation, Digital Economy, Reskilling and Upskilling

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Quick commerce (Q-commerce) has rapidly emerged as a transformative retail and logistics model, emphasizing ultra-fast delivery of essential goods within a short time frame, typically between 10 to 30 minutes. Driven by digitalization, urbanization, and changing consumer lifestyles, Q-commerce platforms have significantly reshaped urban logistics systems. The expansion of quick commerce has increased the demand for hyperlocal warehouses, commonly known as dark stores, and has intensified last-mile delivery operations supported by advanced technology-based logistics solutions. This study aims to analyse the rise of quick commerce and examine its impact on urban logistics with reference to delivery efficiency, logistics cost, traffic congestion, and environmental implications. The research is based on secondary data collected from academic journals, industry reports, and market studies. The findings reveal that while quick commerce enhances customer convenience and delivery speed, it also places substantial pressure on urban infrastructure, increases operational costs, and raises sustainability concerns. The study suggests strategic and sustainable measures to improve efficiency in urban logistics systems.

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 Keywords

Quick commerce, Urban logistics, Last-mile delivery, Dark stores, Supply chain

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition