Volume 11 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Abstract The Panchayati Raj is a political system that is prevalent throughout South Asia, particularly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. It is a form of local self-governance. In the history of the Indian subcontinent, this kind of community administration is the one with the longest continuous use. The Panchayat Raj is an institution that dates back to the beginning of Indian civilization. It had been around since the ancient ages, and it exercised effective authority over the village community's civil and judicial affairs throughout that time. Numerous ancient texts, such as the Rigveda, the Manusamhita, the Dharmashastras, the Upanishads, the Jatakas, and others, make extensive references to the panchayat form of administration, which is used in local governance. Changes in the political structure of India's rural communities brought about shifts in the connection between typically higher middle Dalit and caste groups. These shifts had an effect on the political structure. For the very first time in the annals of Indian social history, there is a discernible rise in the level of political mobilisation among dalits. In addition, their upward social mobility can be attributed to a growing understanding of the rights and benefits they are entitled to. The ratification of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act led to the decentralisation of power and decision making at a lower level, which is another significant result of the legislation's adoption. The most significant aspect of this is that reservation was extended to the lower castes in order to democratise and secularise the operation of the panchayats and to make certain that they do not continue to be under the influence of influential rural elites in the countryside.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Panchayati Raj, self-governance, rural communities, political mobilization, and dalits.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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After being put into effect in July 2017, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) simplified India's tax code by creating a single, unified system in place of several indirect levies. By reducing the tax burden on enterprises, this simplicity enhanced compliance and attracted foreign investment. Lower manufacturing costs, lower consumer pricing, and higher consumer spending all contributed to economic growth. This was especially the case when it came to lower logistical costs and the elimination of cascading taxes. Under the GST, effective tax collection and transparency were enhanced, and tax evasion was reduced through online filing and digitization. Despite the progress made, there are still obstacles to overcome, especially concerning SME concerns, the intricacies of the multi-slab GST structure, and the continuous endeavors of the GST Council to simplify compliance and rationalize tax rates. All things considered, the GST has a huge impact on India's economy, improving compliance, encouraging growth, and streamlining taxation. To fully realize its potential as a catalyst for economic growth, it must continue to be refined as it continues to evolve to support India's economy.

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 Keywords

Goods and Service Tax(GST), Digitalization, Transparency, Unified tax system, Indirect tax, Online filing, Indian economy, Cascading Effect of tax.

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The extensive use of social media in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, use of social media has become an integral part of everyday life of human being. This paper throws a light on pattern of social media usage and its impact on youth. The new age social networking culture has been accepted and got an enthusiastic response. It is evident from the studies that social media has both positive and negative impact on youths

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Social Media, Social Networking, Impact and Youth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The mandated minimum monthly compensation a company must give its employees is called the "minimum wage." When the minimum wage rises, some firms can find it hard to pay higher salaries, which could result in reductions in force or a cutback in working hours. Regulations requiring a minimum wage attempt to prevent employees from exploitation and provide a fair salary, but they can also operate as a motivator for self-employment. This study determined the longstanding debate surrounding the concept of a worker's decision, emphasizing its impact on minimum wage, fringe benefits, and educational attainment. We contended that lower minimum wage and favorable fringe benefits can operate as a push factor for workers to switch to self-employment. However, higher educational attainment doesn't have much impact on self-employment. Using IBM SPSS Statistics software program, a cross-sectional quantitative technique particularly the ordinal regression analysis was used to calculate the data from the primary data collected from the participants using a quantitatively prepared survey questionnaire. Lastly, researchers recommend stakeholders, educators, and legislators encourage the development of a community in which people are able to make wise choices about self-employment.

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Self-employment, Minimum wage, Fringe benefits, Educational Attainment, Self-employed workers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the 21st century, India and France have been the closer of allies both diplomatically and militarily. The two countries have a long-standing relationship, with diplomatic relations being established before India's independence in 1947. Since then, the two nations have developed strong economic and strategic partnerships based on common interests and mutual respect. The objective of this research paper is to explore the different aspects of India-France bilateral relations in the contemporary globalized world. It looks into their trade ties, military cooperation, cultural links, scientific collaborations and energy partnerships. It furthermore examines how these relations have developed over time and considers their implications for regional dynamics in South Asia. This paper applies the Qualitative and comparative research perspectives to understand the bilateral relations between the two countries. It further seeks to understand India and France's bilateral relations in the current era of globalization. It argues that both countries have worked diligently and effectively to maintain strong ties, which reflect their mutual interests in regional stability and security. Furthermore, it posits that this enduring relationship has been beneficial for both countries in terms of economic growth, cultural exchanges and military cooperation. The key findings underline the veracity of bilateral relations, issues and challenges between the two countries. In conclusion, the research paper explores the potential implications of India and France's bilateral relations in the globalized world. It argues that both countries have been successful in leveraging their respective strengths to form a mutually beneficial partnership and suggests further opportunities for strengthening this relationship.

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India-France relations, Globalization, Economic growth, Cultural exchange, Military cooperation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: in meerut, nematodes have the potential to cause substantial yield losses, yet it is not known whether farmers have knowledge of the damage these pests cause. Plant parasitic nematodes cause about 77 billion dollars annual loss to the crops throughout the world. Nematodes have been known to cause crop losses in vegetables and many cash crop like sugarcane for many years. Whereas they were once considered only a pest in coarse textured sandy soil, it was studied that nematodes are responsible for significant yield loss in sugarcane crop in district Meerut. Soil samples were collected from sugarcane fields in all the seasons from various fields. After processing of samples different genera of plant parasitic nematodes were identified from soil samples. The identification of plant parasitic nematodes was done on the basis of taxonomic keys as stylet, esophageal, median bulb, vulva or spicules. The identified genera of nematodes of sugarcane from district Meerut were Hoplolaimus, Tylenchus, Rotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus and Helicotylenchus.

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sugarcane, plant parasitic nematodes, soil sample, root sample.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Open Elective Course by New Education Policy has given wide opportunities to the students of Commerce (BCom) in electing the course of other program. Commerce Students along with core course they have the fortune to customise career and passion in different disciplinaries. Students have much enthusiasm in electing the open elective from different stream. Commerce education is indisputable for preparing individuals for the vital and competitive Global market. After the Completion of Commerce, students are able to get jobs in the field of Banking sector, corporate sector, Marketing, etc or even they can start rooting the professional goals. Students those who opt open elective course has the opportunities to explore the jobs in different field for examples. Those students can have the opportunity in getting the job fashion world, crime investigation world, journalism world, knowledge of medical and it also beneficial for students those who have preparing for competitive exams. Data analysis disclosed that a substantial 90% of the respondents found the selection of open elective courses are user-friendly and convenient, about 10% respondents faced difficult in selection of open elective, and suggesting the improved course details. Approximately 77% of the respondents expressed that the course of open elective is similar as they compare to the main courses and hoping that open elective courses will help in building their future career. 54% of the respondents expressed open elective have a limited description about the course or limited career guidance before opting the course.

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Keywords: Open elective courses, new education scheme, Commerce education, interest perspectives, career guidance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal formulations have enlarging demand in the world market as a source of food, cosmetics, and medicinal purposes. The aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate the herbal face wash gel. There are three forms of herbal face wash i.e., gel, cream and liquid-based face wash. We have studied on gel-based herbal face wash. Ingredients required in this formulation are extracted by the hydro alcoholic extraction method. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadense Linn), Lemon (Citrus Limon) source of vitamin C, Neem (Azadirachta indica) are very helpful and do not have any side effects. All herbal ingredients are easily available in the surrounding area. All the plants that have been used in this article have better antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. There are a number of formulations available on the market with different variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of acne and others skin problems especially for face. Changing environmental conditions and many pollutants, especially UV rays, are harmful for the human body. They're damaging our skin, so cosmetics are part of taking care of the skin and body parts. As we know that face is sensitive part of body3 The Neem has more medicinal properties, leaves and their chemical constituents have been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer, anti- malaria, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties10 .This is a study to evaluate the dermal safety and efficacy of the herbal formulation. There was a remarkable decreasing in the oiliness of the facial skin and an associated minimization of arising facial problems. Few subjects also noticed improvements in skin complexion. The present work deals with Preparation of Extracts, preparation & evaluation of the herbal face wash. It is essential to evaluate the formulation to check their efficiency and effectiveness by using above parameters color, Odor, appearance, consistency, Washability, pH & Spread ability. Formulation showed no lumps along with easy Washability, good Spread ability and neutral ph.

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Herbal face wash, Hydro alcoholic, Turmeric, Acne vulgaris, UV rays, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Liposomes are spherical vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipid bilayers, which are under extensive investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of bioactive agents and many different compounds in biological, pharmaceutical, and medical and nutritional research. The majority of those clinically approved have diameters of 50-300 nm. Among several talented new drug delivery systems, liposomes characterize an advanced technology to deliver active molecules to the site of action and reduce undesirable side effects improving its in vitro and in vivo activity, as well as reducing the toxicity of the drug and enhancing the efficacy of the encapsulated drug. The present review will briefly explain the characteristics, advantages, scalable techniques based on the type of produced liposomes and potential applications of liposomes in food, cosmetics, gen genetic engineering, immunology, cancer therapy, infection, and also the diagnosis.

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Liposomes,immunology,nutritional,toxicity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are increasingly becoming home to a large number of Indian diasporas. This research paper will discuss the increasing presence of Indians in the GCC countries and examine their socio-economic contributions. It will also explore the reasons for this migration and its implications on both the countries of origin and destination. It will analyse the future prospects for Indian migrants in the region. By analysing the current trends of Indian diaspora in the GCC countries, this paper strives to shed light on this important topic. Further, it seeks to explore the factors driving Indian migration to the GCC countries, and the socio-economic contributions of this diaspora. It will analyse how these migrants are adapting to their new environment while maintaining strong links with their country of origin. Additionally, it will investigate how the presence of Indian diaspora is impacting both Indian culture and society in the Gulf region. More so, it will examine the potential implications for future generations of Indians in the GCC states. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have long been home to a significant population of expatriates from India and other South Asian countries. For decades now, these people have contributed greatly to the economic development of the region, yet the relationship between them and native GCC citizens has been fraught with cultural misunderstandings and clashes. Besides, this paper is to explore the complex dynamics between the Indian diaspora in GCC countries and their host nations, examining both positive and negative aspects of this unique relationship. In particular, it will focus on the various ways in which the Indian diaspora has contributed to the economic and cultural development of GCC countries, as well as looking at how their presence has been received by native citizens. It will draw on recent research to provide insight into some of the challenges faced by Indians living in these countries, and consider how both sides can work together more effectively to create an inclusive and harmonious relationship. Conclusively, it will suggest potential areas for improvement that could help bridge the divide between Indians and GCC citizens.

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 Keywords

GCC Countries, Globalisation, Diaspora, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition